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Mônico AT, Koch ED, Ferrão M, Fernandes IY, Marques GMG, Chaparro JC, Rodrigues MT, Lima AP, Fouquet A. The small and inconspicuous majority: Revealing the megadiversity and historical biogeography of the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group (Anura, Strabomantidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 201:108203. [PMID: 39303973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
With more than 600 recognized species, the genus Pristimantis is already the most diverse among vertebrates, but described species only represent a fraction of the actual diversity in this clade. This genus is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics and represents an interesting model for biogeographic studies because Pristimantis spp. are direct developing and generally have narrow ecological niches and low dispersal abilities. The P. unistrigatus species group is one of the most important components in the genus (ca. 200 recognized species) and has been supported by morphological but not by molecular evidence. We assessed the species boundaries and distribution in the P. unistrigatus species group and infer spatiotemporal patterns of diversification related to historical landscape changes in the Neotropics. We gathered three mitochondrial, and two nuclear DNA loci from 416 specimens throughout the range of the group, and including 68 nominal species. We redefine the group based on the obtained phylogeny and found 151 candidate species that composes it, with 83 of these remaining undescribed. We recovered 11 major clades within the group that diverged before 13 Ma. The diversification of the group started during the early Miocene most likely in northwestern South America, currently corresponding to western Amazonia and northern Andes. The other neotropical areas subsequently acted as sinks, receiving lineages mostly during the last 10 Ma, after the demise of the Pebas System and the setup of the modern Amazonian hydrographic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tamanini Mônico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Esteban Diego Koch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Ferrão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Répteis e Anfíbios, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Igor Yuri Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Giselle Moura Guimarães Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Chaparro
- Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú, Cusco, Peru; Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Peru
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albertina Pimentel Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, UMR 5300, CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Mônico AT, Ferrão M, Moravec J, Fouquet A, Lima AP. A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from white-sand forests of central Amazonia, Brazil. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15399. [PMID: 37304878 PMCID: PMC10252896 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The white-sand ecosystems in the Solimões-Negro Interfluve are among the less studied in Amazonia. Recent herpetological surveys conducted west of Manaus, Brazil (central Amazonia) indicate that white-sand forests host a unique anuran fauna comprising habitat specialized and endemic species. In the present study we describe a new species of rain frog belonging to the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group from the white-sand forest locally called "campinarana" (thin-trunked forests with canopy height below 20 m). The new species is phylogenetically close to rain frogs from western Amazonian lowlands (P. delius, P. librarius, P. matidiktyo and P. ockendeni). It differs from its closest relatives mainly by its size (male SVL of 17.3-20.1 mm, n = 16; female SVL of 23.2-26.5 mm, n = 6), presence of tympanum, tarsal tubercles and dentigerous processes of vomers, its translucent groin without bright colored blotches or marks, and by its advertisement call (composed of 5-10 notes, call duration of 550-1,061 ms, dominant frequency of 3,295-3,919 Hz). Like other anuran species recently discovered in the white-sand forests west of Manaus, the new species seems to be restricted to this peculiar ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tamanini Mônico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Ferrão
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Albertina P. Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Toral-Contreras E, Urgiles VL. Una nueva especie de Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) de la provincia del Azuay, Andes sur de Ecuador. NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2022.2123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Sánchez-Nivicela
- Grupo de Investigación Evolución y Ecología de Fauna Neotropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Museo de Zoología & Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre y Museo de Zoología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Diversidad Biológica Tropical iBIOTROP, Quito, Ecuador
- División de Herpetología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Verónica L. Urgiles
- División de Herpetología, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Mônico AT, Ferrão M, Chaparro JC, Fouquet A, Lima AP. A new species of rain frog (Anura: Strabomantidae: Pristimantis) from the Guiana Shield and amended diagnosis of P. ockendeni (Boulenger, 1912). VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.72.e90435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pristimantis is already the most speciose genus among vertebrates, yet the current number of species remains largely underestimated. A member of the P. unistrigatus species group from the Guiana Shield has been historically misidentified as P. ockendeni, a species described from southern Peru. We combined mitochondrial (16S and COI) and nuclear (RAG1) loci, external morphology, skull osteology (μ-CT scan), vocalization (advertisement and courtship calls), geographic distribution and natural history data to differentiate the Guiana Shield populations from P. ockendeni, and describe them as a new species. The new species is crepuscular and nocturnal and inhabits the understory of unflooded (terra firme) forests in Brazil, Guyana and Suriname. It is phylogenetically related to P. ardalonychus, P. martiae and undescribed species from Brazilian Amazonia. The new species notably differs from P. ockendeni and its congeners in the P. unistrigatus species group occurring in the Guiana Shield by the combination of the following characters: absence of dentigerous processes of vomers, presence of vocal slits in males, body size (SVL 16.2–20.7 mm in males and 21.4–25.7 mm in females), advertisement call (call with 4–6 notes, call duration of 158–371 ms and dominant frequency of 3,466–4,521 Hz) and translucent groin coloration in life. To facilitate the recognition and description of cryptic species previously hidden under the name P. ockendeni, we provide an amended diagnosis of this taxon based on external morphology and advertisement call of specimens recently collected nearby the type locality and additional localities in southwestern Amazonia.
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Köhler J, Castillo-Urbina E, Aguilar-Puntriano C, Vences M, Glaw F. Rediscovery, redescription and identity of Pristimantis nebulosus (Henle, 1992), and description of a new terrestrial-breeding frog from montane rainforests of central Peru (Anura, Strabomantidae). ZOOSYST EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.84963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic status of the strabomantid frog species Pristimantis nebulosus (Henle, 1992), originating from the southern Cordillera Azul in central Peru, is investigated based on examination of the holotype and its comparison with freshly collected topotypic material. Following current standards, we provide a redescription of the holotype. It is in a rather poor state and exhibits certain damages and preservation artifacts, conditions that have hampered an allocation of this nominal taxon to any known living population of Pristimantis in the past. Our detailed specimen-to-specimen comparison provided morphological evidence for the conspecifity of the holotype and freshly collected topotypes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on the mitochondrial 16S gene fragment places P. nebulosus in the P. conspicillatus species group, being closely related to P. bipunctatus and an undescribed candidate species from the Cordillera de Carpish. From both, P. nebulosus differs by considerable divergence in the 16S gene (p-distance 4.1–6.2%). Based on the specimens available, we provide an updated diagnosis for P. nebulosus, compare it to other species in the P. conspicillatus group and describe its advertisement call. In addition, we describe and name the closely related candidate species from the Cordillera de Carpish. It is sister to P. bipunctatus and P. nebulosus, but differs from both mainly by its tuberculate dorsal skin (versus shagreen) and divergence in the 16S gene (3.3–4.1%). We briefly discuss cryptic species diversity in the P. conspicillatus and P. danae species groups and provide justification for the description of a singleton species.
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