1
|
Kumar D, Roy SS, Rastogi R, Arora K, Undale A, Gupta R, Arora NM, Kundu PK. VLP-ELISA for the Detection of IgG Antibodies against Spike, Envelope, and Membrane Antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in Indian Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040743. [PMID: 37112655 PMCID: PMC10145915 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Serological methods to conduct epidemiological survey are often directed only against the spike protein. To overcome this limitation, we have designed PRAK-03202, a virus-like particle (VLP), by inserting three antigens (Spike, envelope and membrane) of SARS-CoV-2 into a highly characterized S. cerevisiae-based D-Crypt™ platform. Methods: Dot blot analysis was performed to confirm the presence of S, E, and M proteins in PRAK-03202. The number of particles in PRAK-03202 was measured using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The sensitivity of VLP-ELISA was evaluated in 100 COVID positive. PRAK-03202 was produced at a 5 L scale using fed-batch fermentation. Results: Dot blot confirmed the presence of S, E, and M proteins in PRAK-03202. The number of particles in PRAK-03202 was 1.21 × 109 mL−1. In samples collected >14 days after symptom onset, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VLP-ELISA were 96%. We did not observe any significant differences in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when post-COVID-19 samples were used as negative controls compared to pre-COVID-samples. At a scale of 5 L, the total yield of PRAK-03202 was 100–120 mg/L. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have successfully developed an in-house VLP-ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against three antigens of SARS-CoV-2 as a simple and affordable alternative test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Sourav Singha Roy
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Ruchir Rastogi
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Kajal Arora
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Avinash Undale
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Reeshu Gupta
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
- Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Nupur Mehrotra Arora
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
| | - Prabuddha K. Kundu
- Research and Developmental Laboratory, Premas Biotech Private Limited, Sector 4, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050, India (R.G.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zambry NS, Obande GA, Khalid MF, Bustami Y, Hamzah HH, Awang MS, Aziah I, Manaf AA. Utilizing Electrochemical-Based Sensing Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070473. [PMID: 35884276 PMCID: PMC9312918 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of precise and efficient diagnostic tools enables early treatment and proper isolation of infected individuals, hence limiting the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The standard diagnostic tests used by healthcare workers to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have some limitations, including longer detection time, the need for qualified individuals, and the use of sophisticated bench-top equipment, which limit their use for rapid SARS-CoV-2 assessment. Advances in sensor technology have renewed the interest in electrochemical biosensors miniaturization, which provide improved diagnostic qualities such as rapid response, simplicity of operation, portability, and readiness for on-site screening of infection. This review gives a condensed overview of the current electrochemical sensing platform strategies for SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical samples. The fundamentals of fabricating electrochemical biosensors, such as the chosen electrode materials, electrochemical transducing techniques, and sensitive biorecognition molecules, are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we summarised electrochemical biosensors detection strategies and their analytical performance on diverse clinical samples, including saliva, blood, and nasopharyngeal swab. Finally, we address the employment of miniaturized electrochemical biosensors integrated with microfluidic technology in viral electrochemical biosensors, emphasizing its potential for on-site diagnostics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Syafirah Zambry
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.S.Z.); (M.F.K.)
| | - Godwin Attah Obande
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia PMB 146, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Fazli Khalid
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.S.Z.); (M.F.K.)
| | - Yazmin Bustami
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Hairul Hisham Hamzah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Syafiq Awang
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC), Sains@USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Ismail Aziah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.S.Z.); (M.F.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre (CEDEC), Sains@USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (A.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shurrab FM, Younes N, Al-Sadeq DW, Liu N, Qotba H, Abu-Raddad LJ, Nasrallah GK. Performance evaluation of novel fluorescent-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for rapid detection and quantification of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding antibodies in infected individuals. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 118:132-137. [PMID: 35231609 PMCID: PMC8882034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A vast majority of the commercially available lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is used to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies qualitatively. Recently, a novel fluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test was developed for quantitative measurement of the total binding antibody units (BAUs) (BAU/mL) against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD). Aim This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the fluorescence LFIA FinecareTM 2019-nCoV S-RBD test along with its reader (Model No.: FS-113). Methods Plasma from 150 reverse trancriptase–PCR (RT-PCR)-confirmed positive individuals and 100 prepandemic samples were tested by FincareTM to access sensitivity and specificity. For qualitative and quantitative validation of the FinCareTM measurements, BAU/mL results of FinCareTM were compared with results of 2 reference assays: the surrogate virus-neutralizing test (sVNT, GenScript Biotech, USA) and the VIDAS®3 automated assay (BioMérieux, France). Results FinecareTM showed 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared with PCR. Cohen's Kappa statistic denoted moderate and excellent agreement with sVNT and VIDAS®3, with values being 0.557 (95% CI: 0.32–0.78) and 0.731 (95% CI: 0.51–0.95), respectively. A strong correlation was observed between FinecareTM/sVNT (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001) and FinecareTM/VIDAS®3 (r = 0.8, p < 0.0001). Conclusion FinecareTM is a reliable assay and can be used as a surrogate to assess binding and neutralizing antibody response after infection or vaccination, particularly in none or small laboratory settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah M Shurrab
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Na Liu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Hamda Qotba
- Department of Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Centers, 26555, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, 24144, Doha, Qatar; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, 24144, Doha, Qatar; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fujimoto AB, Keskinocak P, Yildirim I. Significance of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody testing during COVID-19 vaccine allocation. Vaccine 2021; 39:5055-5063. [PMID: 34274126 PMCID: PMC8233959 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the value of using SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody testing to prioritize the vaccination of susceptible individuals as part of a COVID-19 vaccine distribution plan when vaccine supply is limited. METHODS An extended susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) compartmental model was used to simulate COVID-19 spread when considering diagnosis, isolation, and vaccination of a cohort of 1 million individuals. The scenarios modeled represented 4 pandemic severity scenarios and various times when the vaccine becomes available during the pandemic. Eligible individuals have a probability p of receiving antibody testing prior to vaccination (p = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1). The vaccine was modeled as a single dose vaccine with 90% and 70% efficacy. The value of serology testing was evaluated by comparing the infection attack rate, peak infections, peak day, and deaths. RESULTS The use of antibody testing to prioritize the allocation of limited vaccines reduces infection attack rates and deaths. The size of the reduction depends on when the vaccine becomes available relative to the infection peak day. The largest percentage reduction in cases and deaths occurs when the vaccine is deployed before and close to the infection peak day. The reduction in the number of cases and deaths diminishes as vaccine deployment is delayed. CONCLUSIONS Antibody testing as part of the vaccination plan is an effective method to maximize the benefit of a COVID-19 vaccine. Decision-makers need to consider relative timing between the infection peak day and when the vaccine becomes available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akane B Fujimoto
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 755 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
| | - Pinar Keskinocak
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 755 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Institute of Global Health, 1 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Imran S, Ahmadi S, Kerman K. Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:174. [PMID: 33578979 PMCID: PMC7916687 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have been plagued by viral outbreaks that present some of the biggest challenges to public safety. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic has exponentiated these concerns. Increased research on diagnostic tools is currently being implemented in order to assist with rapid identification of the virus, as mass diagnosis and containment is the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. Accordingly, there is a growing urgency to establish a point-of-care device for the rapid detection of coronavirus to prevent subsequent spread. This device needs to be sensitive, selective, and exhibit rapid diagnostic capabilities. Electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated these traits and, hence, serve as promising candidates for the detection of viruses. This review summarizes the designs and features of electrochemical biosensors developed for some past and current pandemic or epidemic viruses, including influenza, HIV, Ebola, and Zika. Alongside the design, this review also discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications of the biosensors. Finally, research and perspective of biosensors as potential detection tools for the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saim Imran
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Soha Ahmadi
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (S.I.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|