Synthesis of magnetite-gold nanoparticles with core-shell structure

Monometallic and alloy nanoparticles: a review of biomedical applications

Current intrinsic deficiencies in biomedicine promote the rapid development of alternative multitasking approaches. Recently, monometallic and alloy nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely studied for their potential biomedical applications. However, the research mainly focuses on monometallic compounds and metal oxide NPs that have already been studied. In this review, we investigate promising modified mono- and bimetallic NPs for improving the current state of materials science in medicine. It was contended that effective general biomedical applications can be enhanced by intelligent NP design. Particularly, we discuss transition and platinum metal compositions, iron-based and non-iron compounds, along with liquid alloys. Subsequently, we explore the capabilities provided by modifications such as inorganic and organic coatings, polymers, and biomolecules that can invent new NP designs for precise applications, ultimately resulting in an improved patient outcome. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the advantages and limitations of monometallic and alloy nanomaterials and possible solutions to problems that delay their development.

Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles by co-precipitation method coated with biocompatible compounds and evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity

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Modified magnetite nanoparticles had low cytotoxicity.

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Nanoparticles had high surface modification and manipulation.

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Magnetite nanoprticles coated with silica and oleic acid was lower toxicity than other coatings.

Recent advances in the use of magnetite nanoparticles for biomedical applications have led to special attention to these nanoparticles. The unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles such as superparamagnetism, low toxicity, and the ability to bond with biological molecules, are suitable for drug delivery, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles with different biocompatible coatings and investigate their cytotoxicity. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was investigated with Hepatoma G2 cell using the MTT assay. Treated cells, did not showed any evident cell cycle arrest. The Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X- ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were evaluated. The results of XRD showed the coated magnetite nanoparticles were 10−12 nm and this size also achieved with TEM images. Synthesized magnetite nanoparticles with SiO₂ and oleic acid coatings had lower cytotoxicity than other coatings.

Magnetic domain interactions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in a SiO2 matrix

Currently, superparamagnetic functionalized systems of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) are promising options for applications in hyperthermia therapy, drug delivery and diagnosis. Fe₃O₄ NPs below 20 nm have stable single domains (SSD), which can be oriented by magnetic field application. Dispersion of Fe₃O₄ NPs in silicon dioxide (SiO₂) matrix allows local SSD response with uniaxial anisotropy and orientation to easy axis, 90° <001> or 180° <111>. A successful, easy methodology to produce Fe₃O₄ NPs (6-17 nm) has been used with the Stöber modification. NPs were embedded in amorphous and biocompatible SiO₂ matrix by mechanical stirring in citrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Fe₃O₄ NPs dispersion was sampled in the range of 2-12 h to observe the SiO₂ matrix formation as time function. TEM characterization identified optimal conditions at 4 h stirring for separation of SSD Fe₃O₄ in SiO₂ matrix. Low magnetization (M_s) of 0.001 emu and a coercivity (H_c) of 24.75 Oe indicate that the embedded SSD Fe₃O₄ in amorphous SiO₂ reduces the M_s by a diamagnetic barrier. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) showed SSD Fe₃O₄ of 1.2 nm on average embedded in SiO₂ matrix with uniaxial anisotropy response according to Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ electron spin coupling and rotation by intrinsic Neél contribution.

Emerging aspects of nanotoxicology in health and disease: From agriculture and food sector to cancer therapeutics

Nanotechnology is an evolving scientific field that has allowed the manufacturing of materials with novel physicochemical and biological properties, offering a wide spectrum of potential applications. Properties of nanoparticles that contribute to their usefulness include their markedly increased surface area in relation to mass, surface reactivity and insolubility, ability to agglomerate or change size in different media and enhanced endurance over conventional-scale substance. Here, we review nanoparticle classification and their emerging applications in several fields; from active food packaging to drug delivery and cancer research. Nanotechnology has exciting therapeutic applications, including novel drug delivery for the treatment of cancer. Additionally, we discuss that exposure to nanostructures incorporated to polymer composites, may result in potential human health risks. Therefore, the knowledge of processes, including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, as well as careful toxicological assessment is critical in order to determine the effects of nanomaterials in humans and other biological systems. Expanding the knowledge of nanoparticle toxicity will facilitate designing of safer nanocomposites and their application in a beneficial manner.