1
|
Huber K, Szerenos E, Lewandowski D, Toczylowski K, Sulik A. The Role of Adipokines in the Pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14684. [PMID: 37834128 PMCID: PMC10572192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are protein hormones secreted by adipose tissue in response to disruptions in physiological homeostasis within the body's systems. The regulatory functions of adipokines within the central nervous system (CNS) are multifaceted and intricate, and they have been identified in a number of pathologies. Therefore, specific adipokines have the potential to be used as biomarkers for screening purposes in neurological dysfunctions. The systematic review presented herein focuses on the analysis of the functions of various adipokines in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Thirteen proteins were selected for analysis through scientific databases. It was found that these proteins can be identified within the cerebrospinal fluid either by their ability to modify their molecular complex and cross the blood-brain barrier or by being endogenously produced within the CNS itself. As a result, this can correlate with their measurability during pathological processes, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, depression, or brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kacper Toczylowski
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nimbalkar VP, Kruthika BS, Sravya P, Rao S, Sugur HS, Chickabasaviah YT, Somanna S, Arivazhagan A, Kondaiah P, Santosh V. Chitinase 3-Like 2. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:521-529. [PMID: 35913110 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the expression pattern of chitinase 3-like 2 (CHI3L2) in the tumor core and peritumoral brain zone (PBZ) of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) in recurrent tumors and its association with patient prognosis. METHODS The study was conducted on three sample sets derived from different patient cohorts. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of CHI3L2 in the tumor core and PBZ (n = 34) compared with control (n = 20) tissues was studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in sample set 1. Sample set 2 included 19 paired, primary-recurrent GBM tissues. Sample set 3 comprised 82 GBM tissues of patients with treatment and follow-up information. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on all three sample sets. RESULTS mRNA expression of CHI3L2 was significantly higher in the tumor core and PBZ compared with control (P < .0001). By IHC, CHI3L2 showed strong cytoplasmic staining in tumor cells. Recurrent tumors had a higher expression of CHI3L2 compared with primary tumors (P = .007). Survival analysis showed CHI3L2 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (P = .034) and progression-free survival (P = .010), which was in line with The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (P = .043). CONCLUSIONS High expression of CHI3L2 in the tumor core and PBZ, as well as its association with tumor recurrence and poor patient prognosis, suggests it might be contributing to tumor spread and recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya P Nimbalkar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Banavathy S Kruthika
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Palavalasa Sravya
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harsha S Sugur
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Yasha T Chickabasaviah
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sampath Somanna
- Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Vani Santosh
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li BB, Scott EY, Olafsen NE, Matthews J, Wheeler AR. Analysis of the effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression on cancer cell invasion via three-dimensional microfluidic invasion assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:313-325. [PMID: 34904612 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds to xenobiotics and activates expression of response elements to metabolize these compounds. The AHR pathway has been associated with a long list of diseases including cancer; however, it is debated whether AHR is tumorigenic or tumour-inhibiting. In particular, there are contradictory reports in the literature regarding the effects of AHR expression level on metastatic breast cancer. Here we used a 3D invasion assay called cell invasion in digital microfluidic microgel systems (CIMMS) to study the effect of AHR expression on invasion. In this study, MDA-MB-231 cells with stable knockout of AHR (AHRko) showed enhanced invasive characteristics and reduced proliferation, and cells with transient overexpression of AHR showed reduced invasiveness. Overexpression of AHR with a mutation in the DNA binding domain showed no difference in invasiveness compared to control, which suggests that the changes in invasiveness are related to the expression of AHR. CIMMS also allowed for extraction of sub-populations of invaded cells for RNA sequencing experiments. A comparison of the transcriptomes of invaded subpopulations of wild-type and AHRko cells identified 1809 genes that were differentially expressed, with enriched pathways including cell cycle, proliferation, survival, immunoproteasome activation, and activation of matrix metalloproteases. In sum, the data reported here for MDA-MB-231 cells suggests some new interpretations of the discrepancy in the literature on the role of AHR in breast cancer. We propose that the unique combination of functional discrimination with transcriptome profiling provided by CIMMS will be valuable for a wide range of mechanistic invasion-biology studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu B Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Erica Y Scott
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ninni E Olafsen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway
| | - Jason Matthews
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu L, Yang Y, Duan H, He J, Sun L, Hu W, Zeng J. CHI3L2 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:611038. [PMID: 33937022 PMCID: PMC8084183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.611038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CHI3L2 (Chitinase-3-Like Protein 2) is a member of chitinase-like proteins (CLPs), which belong to the glycoside hydrolase 18 family. Its homologous gene, CHI3L1, has been extensively studied in various tumors and has been shown to be related to immune infiltration in breast cancer and glioblastoma. High CHI3L2 expression was reported to be associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma. However, the prognostic significance of CHI3L2 in glioma and its correlation between immune infiltration remains unclear. In this study, we examined 288 glioma samples by immunohistochemistry to find that CHI3L2 is expressed in tumor cells and macrophages in glioma tissues and highly expressed in glioblastoma and IDH wild-type gliomas. Relationships between CHI3L2 expression and clinical features (grade, age, Ki67 index, P53, PHH3 (mitotic figures), ATRX, TERTp, MGMTp, IDH, and 1p/19q co-deleted status) were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival was conducted to show high CHI3L2 expression in tumor cells (TC) and macrophage cells (MC) indicated poor prognosis in diffusely infiltrating glioma (DIG), lower-grade glioma (LGG), and IDH wild-type gliomas (IDH-wt). The overall survival time was higher in patients with dual-low CHI3L2 expression in TC and MC compared to those in patients with non-dual CHI3L2 expression and dual high expression in DIG and IDH wild-type gliomas. By univariate and multivariate analysis, we found that high CHI3L2 expression in tumor cells was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in glioma patients. Moreover, we used two datasets (TCGA and CGGA) to verify the results of our study and explore the potential functional role of CHI3L2 by GO and KEGG analyses in gliomas. TIMER platform analysis indicated CHI3L2 expression was closely related to diverse marker genes of tumor immune infiltrating cells, including monocytes, TAMs, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, TGFβ1+ Treg and T cell exhaustion in GBM and LGG. Western Blot validated CHI3L2 is expressed in glioma cells and microglia cells. The results of flow cytometry showed that CHI3L2 induces the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, these results demonstrate CHI3L2 is related to poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in gliomas, suggesting it may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and represent a new target for glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua He
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu T, Larionova I, Litviakov N, Riabov V, Zavyalova M, Tsyganov M, Buldakov M, Song B, Moganti K, Kazantseva P, Slonimskaya E, Kremmer E, Flatley A, Klüter H, Cherdyntseva N, Kzhyshkowska J. Tumor-associated macrophages in human breast cancer produce new monocyte attracting and pro-angiogenic factor YKL-39 indicative for increased metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1436922. [PMID: 29872578 PMCID: PMC5980380 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1436922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in the tumor progression and responses to therapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major innate immune cells in tumor microenvironment that regulate intratumoral immunity and angiogenesis by secretion of cytokines, growth factors as well as chitinase-like proteins (CLPs), that combine properties of cytokines and growth factors. YKL-39 is a chitinase-like protein found in human and absent in rodents, and its expression in TAMs and role in breast cancer progression was not studied to date. Here for the first time we demonstrate that YKL-39 is expressed on TAMs, predominantly positive for stabilin-1, but not by malignant cells or other stromal cells in human breast cancer. TGF-beta in combination with IL-4, but not IL-4 alone was responsible of the stimulation of the production of YKL-39 in human primary macrophages. Mechanistically, stabilin-1 directly interacted with YKL-39 and acted as sorting receptor for targeting YKL-39 into the secretory pathway. Functionally, purified YKL-39 acted as a strong chemotactic factor for primary human monocytes, and induced angiogenesis in vitro. Elevated levels of YKL-39 expression in tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were predictive for increased risk of distant metastasis and for poor response to NAC in patients with nonspecific invasive breast carcinoma. Our findings suggest YKL-39 as a novel therapeutic target, and blocking of its activity can be combined with NAC in order to reduce the risk of metastasis in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irina Larionova
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay Litviakov
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Zavyalova
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Matvey Tsyganov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Buldakov
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kondaiah Moganti
- Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Polina Kazantseva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena Slonimskaya
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Department of Innate Immunity and Tolerance, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim, Germany.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.,German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Xu J, Hu CD, Pan ZL, Zhang YC. The relationship between SNPs in the genes of TLR signal transduction pathway downstream elements and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. CYTOL GENET+ 2014. [PMID: 25016825 DOI: 10.3103/s0095452714030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction and regulation of the innate immune system or adaptive immune responses. Genetic variations within human TLRs have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted to investigate correlation between SNP of downstream mononucleotide in signal transduction of Toll-like receptors and predisposing genes of RA. There was obviously correlative between single nucleotide polymorphism and predisposing genes of RA. G-type of IL-1RAP rs766442 may be protecting genes of RA, while T-type alleles of IL-6R rs11265618 and IL-1RAP rs766442 may be susceptible genes of RA. In conclusion, the studies on the nucleis acid polymorphism in TLRs signal pathway contribute to disclose genes' influence on the attack mechanism of RA, early diagnosis and treatment of RA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Avdieiev S, Savinska L, Filonenko V, Kavsan V. Chitinase 3-like 2 protein monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2012; 31:32-9. [PMID: 22316483 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2011.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 2 (CHI3L2) is one of the most overexpressed genes in glioblastoma. Despite this, both the CHI3L2 gene and its protein product CHI3L2 are poorly characterized. Here we report the generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to CHI3L2 protein (CHI3L2 MAbs). Bacterially expressed 6 His-tagged full-length CHI3L2 was used as antigen. Spleen cells from immunized mice were collected and fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Hybridoma clones 2D3 and 4D2 producing high titer CHI3L2 MAbs were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and further examined for their activity with the CHI3L2 protein by Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation. The 2D3 clone was chosen for mouse inoculation and ascites formation. Antibodies derived from the ascitic fluid specifically recognized the recombinant CHI3L2 protein and strongly interacted with CHI3L2 in glioblastoma tissue lysate, as determined by Western blot analysis. The antibodies generated may be useful as a tool in various aspects of CHI3L2 investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Avdieiev
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo str.Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|