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Fan Y, Guan B, Xu J, Zhang H, Yi L, Yang Z. Role of toll-like receptor-mediated pyroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115493. [PMID: 37734261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening dysregulated status of the host response to infection, can cause multiorgan dysfunction and mortality. Sepsis places a heavy burden on the cardiovascular system due to the pathological imbalance of hyperinflammation and immune suppression. Myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction caused by the aberrant host responses to pathogens can lead to cardiomyopathy, one of the most critical complications of sepsis. However, many questions about the specific mechanisms and characteristics of this complication remain to be answered. The causes of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction include abnormal cardiac perfusion, myocardial inhibitory substances, autonomic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium homeostasis dysregulation. The fight between the host and pathogens acts as the trigger for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the progress of sepsis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as pattern recognition receptors and participate in innate immune pathways that recognize damage-associated molecular patterns as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns to mediate pyroptosis. Notably, pyroptosis is tightly associated with cardiac dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock. In line with these observations, induction of TLR-mediated pyroptosis may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the potential roles of TLR-mediated pyroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, to shed light on this promising therapeutic approach, thus helping to prevent and control septic shock caused by cardiovascular disorders and improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Fan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianxing Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixu Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Intensive Care Unit, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Postpartum Endocarditis and Left Main Embolization. CJC Open 2022; 4:1096-1099. [PMID: 36562016 PMCID: PMC9764111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum infective endocarditis is a rare disease, especially in people with no risk factors (ie, intravenous drug use), that can be followed by severe morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a case of postpartum infective endocarditis with an unusual acute coronary syndrome-like presentation in a patient with minimal risk factors. In addition to lesions on the aortic valve causing severe aortic insufficiency, the patient's case was also complicated by left main coronary artery embolization, which was subsequently aspirated during surgery. Repeat angiography demonstrated complete removal, with no evidence of downstream embolization.
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Bourlond B, Pierre-Henri G, Voide C, Martinez JJG. When Enterococcus faecalis becomes a murderer. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2022; 71:181-186. [PMID: 35428512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 64 years old patient, known for an Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis on a 25 mm Edwards-Carpentier biological aortic valve in 2020, who was re-hospitalized one year later in cardiac surgery for a recurrence of Enterococcus faecalisbacteriemia. During hospitalization, the patient presented a cardiac arrest. The coronarography revealed an acute occlusion of the left coronary artery. The autopsy confirmed an Enterococcus faecalis thrombus on aortic valve and left coronary artery. Although systemic embolism is a common complication of infective endocarditis, septic embolism is an unsual cause of acute coronary syndrome and a very rare cause of cardiac arrest. Our case highlights a rare and potentially fatal complication of infective endocarditis: acute coronary syndrome on septic coronary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cathy Voide
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institut Central des Hôpitaux, Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
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Carvalho Gouveia C, Pimenta I, Fernandes M, Chambino B, Côrte-Real H. Mitral Valve Infective Endocarditis Complicated With Coronary Artery Embolization. Cureus 2022; 14:e21459. [PMID: 35223243 PMCID: PMC8860718 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a multisystem and potentially fatal disease. Systemic embolization is a relatively common complication, the spleen and central nervous system being the most frequent sites for septic emboli formation. Coronary artery septic embolization is extremely uncommon and its management remains controversial. We present the case of a 50-year-old male diagnosed with mitral valve infective endocarditis complicated with spleen and central nervous system embolization, who developed acute myocardial infarction two weeks after disease onset. The patient was successfully treated with combined mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting.
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