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Halloun B, Hashai K, Pinto N, Musai N, Klein Y, Polak D. Neutrophils modulate natural killer-mediated osteoclastogenesis during Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans (JP2 clone) infection. iScience 2023; 26:106430. [PMID: 37588165 PMCID: PMC10425674 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the interplay of neutrophils and natural-killer cells (NK) in mediating osseoresorption during infection of molar-incisor-pattern-periodontitis (MIPP). Human neutrophils from periodontally healthy and MIPP patients were inoculated with the periopathogen Aggregatibacter-actinomycetemcomitans (JP2) and their supernatants were exposed to NK to study their function and osteoclastogenesis promotion. A mouse MIPP model was used to compare disease progression following NK versus neutrophils depletion. The exposure of primary NK to supernatants of neutrophils inoculated with JP2 led to NK cell arrest and activation with enhanced osteoprotegerin expression. Incubation of monocytes with NK led to osteoclastogenesis, whereas NK that were pre-exposed to healthy neutrophil supernatant showed reduced osteoclastogenesis. In mice, NK depletion led to the similar bone phenotype as the neutrophil's depletion highlighting their role on osseoprotection. The present study portrays a key crosstalk between neutrophils and NK cells during JP2 infection as a central mechanism that regulates bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bshara Halloun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hebrew University–Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Koren Hashai
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - Noy Pinto
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - Nadav Musai
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - Yehuda Klein
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Israel
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2
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Prevalence of the JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the world population: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2317-2334. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hbibi A, Bouziane A, Lyoussi B, Zouhdi M, Benazza D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Abstract
Causes of the progression of periodontitis such as an imbalance between the immune response by the host by the release of inflammatory mediators in the response of the oral pathogenic dysbiotic biofilm have been identified. New insights on specific cell signaling pathways that appear during periodontitis have attracted the attention of researchers in the study of new personalised approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. The gold standard of non-surgical therapy of periodontitis involves the removal of supra and subgingival biofilm through professional scaling and root planing (SRP) and oral hygiene instructions. In order to improve periodontal clinical outcomes and overcome the limitations of traditional SRP, additional adjuvants have been developed in recent decades, including local or systemic antibiotics, antiseptics, probiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive drugs and host modulation therapies. This review is aimed to update the current and recent evolution of therapies of management of periodontitis based on the adjunctive and target therapies. Moreover, we discuss the advances in host modulation of periodontitis and the impact of targeting epigenetic mechanisms approaches for a personalised therapeutic success in the management of periodontitis. In conclusion, the future goal in periodontology will be to combine and personalise the periodontal treatments to the colonising microbial profile and to the specific response of the individual patient.
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Yoshida A, Bouziane A, Erraji S, Lakhdar L, Rhissassi M, Miyazaki H, Ansai T, Iwasaki M, Ennibi O. Etiology of aggressive periodontitis in individuals of African descent. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:20-26. [PMID: 33737991 PMCID: PMC7946349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a form of periodontitis that affects adolescents and has a significantly higher prevalence in individuals of African descent. AgP typically shows familial aggregation, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Young age, good health status, rapid attachment loss, and familial aggregation are the primary features of this disease. AgP has been closely linked to specific bacterial strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from patients with AgP produce leukotoxin (LtxA), which specifically affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes in primates, especially humans. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed differences in the subgingival microbiota between patients with AgP and those with chronic periodontitis (ChP). The genera Atopobium and Prevotella show increased prevalences in AgP than in ChP. According to AgP susceptibility, several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been detected in different genes in individuals of African descent. Interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β genetic polymorphisms may be associated with the severity of both ChP and AgP. An elevated serum level of IL-17 produced by Th17 cells may be a characteristic of AgP. Analyses of the relationships among bacteria, host defenses, genetic predisposition, and numerous other factors are required to understand the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Amal Bouziane
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Samir Erraji
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Lakhdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Rhissassi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Department of Dental Technology, Meirin College, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Oumkeltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Akkaoui S, Johansson A, Yagoubi M, Haubek D, El hamidi A, Rida S, Claesson R, Ennibi O. Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial activity, in Vitro Cytotoxicity and Leukotoxin Neutralization of Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030192. [PMID: 32151045 PMCID: PMC7157215 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the essential oil of Origanum vulgare was evaluated for putative antibacterial activity against six clinical strains and five reference strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in comparison with some antimicrobials. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed, using chromatography (CG) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled (CG-MS). The major compounds in the oil were Carvacrol (32.36%), α-terpineol (16.70%), p-cymene (16.24%), and Thymol (12.05%). The antimicrobial activity was determined by an agar well diffusion test. A broth microdilution method was used to study the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was also determined. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil (IC50) was <125 µg/mL for THP-1 cells, which was high in comparison with different MIC values for the A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. O. vulgare essential oil did not interfere with the neutralizing capacity of Psidium guajava against the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin. In addition, it was shown that the O. vulgare EO had an antibacterial effect against A. actinomycetemcomitans on a similar level as some tested antimicrobials. In view of these findings, we suggest that O.vulgare EO may be used as an adjuvant for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases associated to A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, it can be used together with the previously tested leukotoxin neutralizing Psidium guajava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Akkaoui
- Research laboratory in oral biology and biotechnology, Faculty of dental medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco;
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Maâmar Yagoubi
- Microbiology Laboratory, faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco;
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, AarhusUniversity, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Adnane El hamidi
- Materials, Nanotechnologies and Environment laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco;
| | - Sana Rida
- Department of endodontics, Research laboratory in oral biology and biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco;
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - OumKeltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, Research laboratory in oral biology and biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10 000, Morocco
- Correspondence:
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Lund Håheim L, Schwarze PE, Thelle DS, Nafstad P, Rønningen KS, Olsen I. Low levels of antibodies for the oral bacterium Tannerella forsythia predict cardiovascular disease mortality in men with myocardial infarction: A prospective cohort study. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109575. [PMID: 32088522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody levels to periodontal pathogens in prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were explored using data from a health survey in Oslo in 2000 (Oslo II-study) with 12 1/2 years follow-up. IgG antibodies to four common periodontal pathogens; Tannerella forsythia (TF), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Treponema denticola (TD) all termed collectively the "red complex", and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(AA) were analysed. The study sample consisted of 1172 men drawn from a cohort of 6,530 men who participated in the Oslo II-study, where they provided information on medical and dental history. Of the study sample, 548 men had reported prior myocardial infarction (MI) at baseline whereas the remaining 624 men were randomly drawn from the ostensibly healthy participants for comparative analyses. Dental anamnestic information included tooth extractions and oral infections. An inverse relation was found for trend by the quartile risk level of TF predicting CVD mortality, p-value for trend = 0.017. Comparison of the first to fourth quartile of TF antibodies resulted in hazard ratio (HR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.12-2.94, p = 0.015, adjusted for age, education, diabetes, daily smoking, and systolic blood pressure. Specificity comparing decile 1 to deciles 2-10 of TF predicting mortality was 92.3%. We found an increased HR by low levels of antibodies to the bacterium T. forsythia predicting CVD mortality in a 12 ½ years follow-up in persons who had experienced an MI but not among non-MI men. This novel finding constitutes a plausible causal link between oral infections and CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Lund Håheim
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - P E Schwarze
- Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - D S Thelle
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Nafstad
- Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - K S Rønningen
- Department of Paediatric Research, Division for Women and Children, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
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Ennibi OK, Claesson R, Akkaoui S, Reddahi S, Kwamin F, Haubek D, Johansson A. High salivary levels of JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with clinical attachment loss in Moroccan adolescents. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:44-51. [PMID: 30847232 PMCID: PMC6392844 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque is significantly associated with increased risk for clinical attachment loss. The highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of this bacterium is frequently detected in adolescents with aggressive forms of periodontitis. The aims of the study were to quantify the levels of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in saliva of Moroccan adolescents with the JP2 genotype earlier detected in the subgingival plaque. The salivary concentrations of inflammatory proteins were quantified and linked to the clinical parameters and microbial findings. Finally, a mouth rinse with leukotoxin-neutralizing effect was administrated and its effect on the levels the biomarkers and A. actinomycetemcomitans examined. The study population consisted of 22 adolescents that previously were found to be positive for the JP2 genotype in subgingival plaque. Periodontal registration and sampling of stimulated saliva was performed at baseline. A mouth rinse (active/placebo) was administrated, and saliva sampling repeated after 2 and 4 weeks rinse. The salivary levels of JP2 and non-JP2 were analyzed by quantitative PCR and inflammatory proteins by ELISA. Both the JP2 and the non-JP2 genotype were detected in all individuals with significantly higher levels of the non-JP2. Enhanced levels of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly correlated to the presence of attachment loss (≥3 mm). Salivary concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers did not correlate to periodontal condition or levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The use of active or placebo leukotoxin-neutralizing mouth rinse did not significantly interfered with the levels of these biomarkers. Saliva is an excellent source for detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans on individual basis, and high levels of the JP2 genotype were significantly associated with the presence of clinical attachment loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, School of DentistryMohammed V UniversityMorocco
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and BiotechnologySchool of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in RabatMorocco
| | | | - Sanae Akkaoui
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and BiotechnologySchool of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in RabatMorocco
| | - Sarah Reddahi
- Department of Periodontology, School of DentistryMohammed V UniversityMorocco
| | | | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral HealthAarhus UniversityDenmark
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of OdontologyUmeå UniversitySweden
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9
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Chung J, Kim S, Lee HA, Park MH, Kim S, Song YR, Na HS. Trans-cinnamic aldehyde inhibitsAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced inflammation in THP-1-derived macrophages via autophagy activation. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1262-1271. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan South Korea
| | - Sumi Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan South Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan South Korea
| | - Yu Ri Song
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan South Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology; School of Dentistry; Pusan National University; Yangsan South Korea
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10
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Burgess DK, Huang H, Harrison P, Kompotiati T, Aukhil I, Shaddox LM. Non-Surgical Therapy Reduces Presence of JP2 Clone in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2017; 88:1263-1270. [PMID: 28820321 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have provided substantial evidence of the association of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and its highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype, with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP). The present study aims to evaluate presence of JP2 in individuals with LAgP after periodontal treatment. METHODS Sixty African-American patients with LAgP, aged 5 to 25 years, were examined. At baseline, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, and plaque index were measured, and subgingival plaque was collected from LAgP diseased and healthy sites for each participant. Patients received whole-mouth ultrasonic debridement, scaling and root planing, and a 7-day prescription of amoxicillin and metronidazole. Participants were reevaluated and resampled and received regular maintenance therapy at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect presence of the JP2 genotype before and after treatment. RESULTS At baseline, the JP2 sequence was identified in 75% of LAgP diseased sites and in 56.67% of healthy sites. At 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, the number of patients was 40, 31, and 31, respectively, and JP2 detection decreased to 17.5%, 6.45%, and 3.23%, respectively, in diseased sites (P <0.001) and to 2.5%, 3.23%, and 0%, respectively, in healthy sites (P <0.001). Clinical parameters of disease were also significantly reduced after therapy (P <0.001). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between JP2 presence and mean PD (P <0.002) and CAL (P <0.001), after therapy. CONCLUSION Periodontal therapy was successful in reducing clinical parameters of LAgP and subgingival presence of JP2 in diseased and healthy sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Peter Harrison
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Theodora Kompotiati
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
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11
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Burgess D, Huang H, Harrison P, Aukhil I, Shaddox L. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in African Americans with Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. JDR Clin Trans Res 2017; 2:249-257. [PMID: 28879247 DOI: 10.1177/2380084417695543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the prevalence of the highly leukotoxic JP2 sequence versus the minimally leukotoxic non-JP2 sequence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans within a cohort of 180 young African Americans, with and without localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP), in north Florida. The study included patients aged 5 to 25 y: 60 LAP patients, 60 healthy siblings (HS), and 60 unrelated healthy controls (HC). Subgingival plaque was collected from LAP sites-diseased (PD ≥5 mm with bleeding on probing) and healthy (PD ≤3 mm with no bleeding on probing)-and from healthy sites of HS and HC. Plaque DNA was extracted and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the JP2 and non-JP2 sequences of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Overall, 90 (50%) subjects tested positive for the JP2 sequence. Fifty (83.33%) LAP subjects were carriers of the highly leukotoxic JP2 sequence, detected in 45 (75%) diseased sites and 34 (56.67%) healthy sites. Additionally, JP2 carriage was found in 16 HS (26.67%) and 24 HC (40%; P < 0.0001, among groups). The non-JP2 sequence was detected in 26 (14.44%) total subjects: 17 (28.33%) LAP patients detected in equal amounts of diseased and healthy sites (n = 11, 18.33%), 6 (10%) HS sites, and 3 (5%) HC sites (P < 0.05, among groups). The JP2 sequence was strongly associated with LAP-diseased sites in young African Americans, significantly more so than the non-JP2 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01330719). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Clinicians may use the results of this study to identify susceptible individuals to aggressive periodontitis, potentially leading to more appropriate selection of therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Burgess
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H Huang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - P Harrison
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Periodontology, School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative microbe involved in periodontitis. Strains with varying degrees of virulence have been identified, in healthy and periodontally compromised individuals alike. Hosts mount differential immune responses to its various serotypes and virulence factors. Studies have explored host immune response in terms of antibody titers, leukocyte responses, and specific inflammatory mediators, questioning the ways in which the infectious microorganism survives. This mini-review will identify the key themes in immune response patterns of individuals both affected by and free from aggressive periodontal disease, thereby using it to understand various forms of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Shahabuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Departments of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Edward T Lally
- Departments of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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13
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Jensen AB, Ennibi OK, Ismaili Z, Poulsen K, Haubek D. The JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
and marginal periodontitis in the mixed dentition. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:19-25. [PMID: 26659719 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry; Department of Dentistry, Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Medicine Dentistry; Mohammed V Souissi University; Rabat Morocco
| | - Zouheir Ismaili
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Medicine Dentistry; Mohammed V Souissi University; Rabat Morocco
| | - Knud Poulsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry; Department of Dentistry, Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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14
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Characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in subgingival samples from periodontitis subjects in Morocco. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1809-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Abstract
For decades, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been considered the most likely etiologic agent in aggressive periodontitis. Implementation of DNA-based microbiologic methodologies has considerably improved our understanding of the composition of subgingival biofilms, and advanced open-ended molecular techniques even allow for genome mapping of the whole bacterial spectrum in a sample and characterization of both the cultivable and not-yet-cultivable microbiota associated with periodontal health and disease. Currently, A. actinomycetemcomitans is regarded as a minor component of the resident oral microbiota and as an opportunistic pathogen in some individuals. Its specific JP2 clone, however, shows properties of a true exogenous pathogen and has an important role in the development of aggressive periodontitis in certain populations. Still, limited data exist on the impact of other microbes specifically in aggressive periodontitis. Despite a wide heterogeneity of bacteria, especially in subgingival samples collected from patients, bacteria of the red complex in particular, and those of the orange complex, are considered as potential pathogens in generalized aggressive periodontitis. These types of bacterial findings closely resemble those found for chronic periodontitis, representing a mixed polymicrobial infection without a clear association with any specific microorganism. In aggressive periodontitis, the role of novel and not-yet-cultivable bacteria has not yet been elucidated. There are geographic and ethnic differences in the carriage of periodontitis-associated microorganisms, and they need to be taken into account when comparing study reports on periodontal microbiology in different study populations. In the present review, we provide an overview on the colonization of potential periodontal pathogens in childhood and adolescence, and on specific microorganisms that have been suspected for their role in the initiation and progression of aggressive forms of periodontal disease.
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16
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Chahboun H, Arnau MM, Herrera D, Sanz M, Ennibi OK. Bacterial profile of aggressive periodontitis in Morocco: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:25. [PMID: 25888404 PMCID: PMC4367901 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is one of the most severe forms of periodontal diseases. In Morocco, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been strongly associated with AgP, however limited knowledge is available about the implication of other periodontal pathogens in this entity. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the subgingival microbiota in Moroccan patients with AgP. Methods Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 50 aggressive, 13 localized and 37 generalized periodontitis patients. Samples from 20 chronic periodontitis (ChP) patients were taken as controls. Samples collected from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in pre-reduced transport fluid and examined by culture. Results A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly more frequent (p = 0.004) in generalised AgP compared to ChP, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was less prevalent in localized AgP, when compared with generalized AgP (p = 0.040) or ChP (p = 0.016). Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia were also frequently detected in all groups. Mean proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly higher in AgP groups, when compared to ChP, and generalized AgP patients harbored significantly higher proportions of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, when compared to localized AgP or ChP. Conclusions A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum were frequently detected in this Moroccan population with AgP. Differences in frequency of detection, counts and proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. forsythia suggests the presence of distinct microbiological profiles for localized AgP, generalized AgP and ChP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Chahboun
- EREB (Research Group of Oral Ecosystem), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Maria Minguez Arnau
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- EREB (Research Group of Oral Ecosystem), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
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Elabdeen HRZ, Mustafa M, Hasturk H, Klepac-Ceraj V, Ali RW, Paster BJ, Van Dyke T, Bolstad AI. Subgingival microbial profiles of Sudanese patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:674-82. [PMID: 25487558 PMCID: PMC4646740 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is prevalent and shows a rapid course in African individuals. Although a strong focus has been placed on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, new methods support the existence of a complex subgingival microflora in AgP. The purpose of the present study was to map the subgingival microbiota as well as explore the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the JP2 clone in a group of Sudanese individuals with AgP, using different analytical methods. Material and Methods A study population consisting of 19 patients with AgP was recruited from patients seeking treatment at University of Science and Technology (UST) in Khartoum. Fifteen healthy subjects were included as controls. Plaque samples were analyzed for 272 taxa using human oral microbe identification microarrays and for 26 periodontal taxa using DNA-DNA hybridization checkerboard. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the JP2 clone in plaque. Saliva from patients with AgP was analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Results Eubacterium yurii was detected more frequently in patients with AgP than in controls, and E. nodatum was found in patients with AgP only. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found in plaque samples of two (12%) patients by human oral microbe identification microarrays and in five (29%) patients with AgP by conventional PCR, as well as in six (32%) of the AgP saliva samples by qPCR. The JP2 clone was identified in only one patient. Conclusion The classical periodontal pathogens were not present in high amounts in AgP in the population studied here. Species of Eubacterium, which are not typically associated with AgP, were often detected in individuals with disease. Using laboratory methods with different sensitivities and detection levels allowed identification of variances in microbial communities. The findings reported in this study provide a basis for the further understanding of AgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Z Elabdeen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Periodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Periodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - V Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - R W Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - B J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - T Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - A I Bolstad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Periodontics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zbinden A, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. The novel species Streptococcus tigurinus and its association with oral infection. Virulence 2014; 6:177-82. [PMID: 25483862 PMCID: PMC4601397 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.970472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is a novel species of viridans streptococci, shown to cause severe invasive infections such as infective endocarditis, spondylodiscitis and meningitis. S. tigurinus belongs to the Streptococcus mitis group and is most closely related to Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae and Streptococcus infantis. The presence of S. tigurinus in the human oral cavity has been documented, including in patients with periodontal disease. This review addresses the available scientific knowledge on S. tigurinus and its association with closely related streptococci, and discusses its putative involvement in common oral infections. While there is as yet no strong evidence on the involvement of S. tigurinus with oral infections, its presence in the oral cavity and its association with endocarditis warrants special attention for a link between oral and systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zbinden
- a Institute of Medical Virology; University of Zurich ; Zurich , Switzerland
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Saraiva L, Rebeis ES, Martins EDS, Sekiguchi RT, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Mafra CES, Holzhausen M, Romito GA, Mayer MPA. IgG sera levels against a subset of periodontopathogens and severity of disease in aggressive periodontitis patients: a cross-sectional study of selected pocket sites. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:943-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Saraiva
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Estela S. Rebeis
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Eder de S. Martins
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Sekiguchi
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Giuseppe A. Romito
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Marcia P. A. Mayer
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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Zbinden A, Aras F, Zbinden R, Mouttet F, Schmidlin PR, Bloemberg GV, Bostanci N. Frequent detection of Streptococcus tigurinus in the human oral microbial flora by a specific 16S rRNA gene real-time TaqMan PCR. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:231. [PMID: 25170686 PMCID: PMC4236546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many bacteria causing systemic invasive infections originate from the oral cavity by entering the bloodstream. Recently, a novel pathogenic bacterium, Streptococcus tigurinus, was identified as causative agent of infective endocarditis, spondylodiscitis and meningitis. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of S. tigurinus in the human oral microbial flora and analyzed its association with periodontal disease or health. Results We developed a diagnostic highly sensitive and specific real-time TaqMan PCR assay for detection of S. tigurinus in clinical samples, based on the 16S rRNA gene. We analyzed saliva samples and subgingival plaque samples of a periodontally healthy control group (n = 26) and a periodontitis group (n = 25). Overall, S. tigurinus was detected in 27 (53%) out of 51 patients. There is no significant difference of the frequency of S. tigurinus detection by RT-PCR in the saliva and dental plaque samples in the two groups: in the control group, 14 (54%) out of 26 individuals had S. tigurinus either in the saliva samples and/or in the plaque samples; and in the periodontitis group, 13 (52%) out of 25 patients had S. tigurinus in the mouth samples, respectively (P = 0.895). The consumption of nicotine was no determining factor. Conclusion Although S. tigurinus was a frequently detected species of the human oral microbial flora, it was not associated with periodontal disease. Further investigations are required to determine whether S. tigurinus is a commensal or an opportunistic oral pathogen with a potential for development of invasive infections.
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Haubek D, Johansson A. Pathogenicity of the highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its geographic dissemination and role in aggressive periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6:23980. [PMID: 25206940 PMCID: PMC4139931 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.23980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis in adolescents. In the middle of the 1990s, a specific JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans, belonging to the cluster of serotype b strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans and having a number of other characteristics, was found to be strongly associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis, particularly in North Africa. Although several longitudinal studies still point to the bacterial species, A. actinomycetemcomitans as a risk factor of aggressive periodontitis, it is now also widely accepted that the highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans is implicated in rapidly progressing forms of aggressive periodontitis. The JP2 clone strains are highly prevalent in human populations living in Northern and Western parts of Africa. These strains are also prevalent in geographically widespread populations that have originated from the Northwest Africa. Only sporadic signs of a dissemination of the JP2 clone strains to non-African populations have been found despite Africans living geographically widespread for hundreds of years. It remains an unanswered question if a particular host tropism exists as a possible explanation for the frequent colonization of the Northwest African population with the JP2 clone. Two exotoxins of A. actinomycetemcomitans are known, leukotoxin (LtxA) and cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt). LtxA is able to kill human immune cells, and Cdt can block cell cycle progression in eukaryotic cells and thus induce cell cycle arrest. Whereas the leukotoxin production is enhanced in JP2 clone strains thus increasing the virulence potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans, it has not been possible so far to demonstrate such a role for Cdt. Lines of evidence have led to the understanding of the highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans as an aetiological factor of aggressive periodontitis. Patients, who are colonized with the JP2 clone, are likely to share this clone with several family members because the clone is transmitted through close contacts. This is a challenge to the clinicians. The patients need intense monitoring of their periodontal status as the risk for developing severely progressing periodontal lesions are relatively high. Furthermore, timely periodontal treatment, in some cases including periodontal surgery supplemented by the use of antibiotics, is warranted. Preferably, periodontal attachment loss should be prevented by early detection of the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans by microbial diagnostic testing and/or by preventive means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Molecular Periodontology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Mínguez M, Pousa X, Herrera D, Blasi A, Sánchez MC, León R, Sanz M. Characterization and serotype distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from a population of periodontitis patients in Spain. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1359-67. [PMID: 25201701 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no study characterizing the variability of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolates in periodontitis patients in Spain. It is therefore the aim of this investigation to study the serotype distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from periodontitis patients in Spain. The polymorphism of the genes that codifies the leukotoxin and the operon of the cytolethal-distending toxin (cdt) will also be investigated. DESIGN From a total of 701 patients samples, 40 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive periodontitis patients were included in the study (mean age 45.3, 62.5% females) and their clinical periodontal status was assessed. On average, 1-3 isolates from each patient were sub-cultured and characterized by PCR. RESULTS Using culture the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 5.7%. The most frequent serotype was "b", being 30 patients infected by a unique serotype, while 7 patients showed co-colonization, mostly with serotypes "a" and "b". From the 79 pure isolates obtained, 24 were from serotype "a", 30 from serotype "b", 12 from serotype "c" and 4 from serotype "d". Further characterization of these samples showed that none of these 79 isolates demonstrated the 530-bp deletion in the leukotoxin's promoter region that characterizes the JP2 strain. Conversely 65.8% of the isolates were cdt+. CONCLUSIONS The most common serotypes were "a" and "b", being serotype "b" the most prevalent in mono-colonization, while serotypes "e" and "f" were not detected. In the majority of samples, operon that codifies the cdt (65.8%) and the genes responsible for the codification of leukotoxin (100%) were found. None of the isolates were JP2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mínguez
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiana Pousa
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain; ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Blasi
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain; ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Napimoga MH, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Macedo CG, Freitas FF, Stipp RN, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Quercetin inhibits inflammatory bone resorption in a mouse periodontitis model. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2316-21. [PMID: 24246038 DOI: 10.1021/np400691n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease that leads to bone destruction and represents the main cause of tooth loss in adults. The development of aggressive periodontitis has been associated with increased inflammatory response that is induced by the presence of a subgingival biofilm containing Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The flavonoid quercetin (1) is widespread in vegetables and fruits and exhibits many biological properties for possible medical and clinical applications such as its anti-inflamatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, in the present study, the properties of 1 have been evaluated in bone loss and inflammation using a mouse periodontitis model induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. Subcutaneous treatment with 1 reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced bone loss and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17, RANKL, and ICAM-1 production in the gingival tissue without affecting bacterial counts. These results demonstrated that quercetin exhibits protective effects in A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontitis in mice by modulating cytokine and ICAM-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center , 13045-755 Campinas, Brazil
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Gonçalves PF, Klepac-Ceraj V, Huang H, Paster BJ, Aukhil I, Wallet SM, Shaddox LM. Correlation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans detection with clinical/immunoinflammatory profile of localized aggressive periodontitis using a 16S rRNA microarray method: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85066. [PMID: 24376864 PMCID: PMC3871691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) correlates with the clinical and immunoinflammatory profile of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP), as determined by by 16S rRNA gene-based microarray. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subgingival plaque samples from the deepest diseased site of 30 LAP patients [PD ≥ 5 mm, BoP and bone loss] were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based microarrays. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were analyzed for 14 cyto/chemokines. Peripheral blood was obtained and stimulated in vitro with P.gingivalis and E.coli to evaluate inflammatory response profiles. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were also measured. RESULTS Aa was detected in 56% of LAP patients and was shown to be an indicator for different bacterial community structures (p<0.01). Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines were detected in LPS-stimulated blood samples in both Aa-detected and Aa-non-detected groups (p>0.05). Clinical parameters and serum LPS levels were similar between groups. However, Aa-non-detected GCF contained higher concentration of IL-8 than Aa-detected sites (p<0.05). TNFα and IL1β were elevated upon E.coli LPS stimulation of peripheral blood cells derived from patients with Aa-detected sites. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the detection of Aa in LAP affected sites, did not correlate with clinical severity of the disease at the time of sampling in this cross-sectional study, although it did associate with lower local levels of IL-8, a different subgingival bacterial profile and elevated LPS-induced levels of TNFα and IL1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Gonçalves
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Pathogenesis, The Fortsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Pathogenesis, The Fortsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luciana M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Microbiota associated with infections of the jaws. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:369751. [PMID: 22829824 PMCID: PMC3399405 DOI: 10.1155/2012/369751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial infections involving the craniofacial skeleton, particularly maxilla and mandible, have direct relationship with the dental biofilm, with predominance of obligate anaerobes. In some patients, these infections may spread to bone marrow or facial soft tissues, producing severe and life-threatening septic conditions. In such cases, local treatment associated with systemic antimicrobials should be used in order to eradicate the sources of contamination. This paper discuss the possibility of spread of these infections and their clinical implications for dentistry, as well as their etiology and aspects related to microbial virulence and pathogenesis.
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