Lipid peroxidation-cytochrome P450 interactions. Use of linoleic acid hydroperoxide in the characterization of the spin-state of membrane-bound P450

Microbial transformations of steroids--XII. Progesterone hydroxylation profiles are modulated by post-translational modification of an electron transfer protein in Streptomyces roseochromogenes

When Streptomyces roseochromogenes strain 10984 was incubated with exogenous progesterone for 25 h the major monohydroxylated metabolite, 16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was produced in 3.6 fold excess to the minor metabolite 2beta,16alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone. In a reconstituted system containing highly purified progesterone 16alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450, and electron transfer proteins ferredoxin-like redoxin (roseoredoxin) and redoxin reductase (roseoredoxin reductase), both metabolites were produced but in a 10:1 ratio. When S. roseochromogenes was pre-incubated for 8 h with 0.32 mM progesterone and the purified components of the hydroxylase system incubated as before, the ratio of 16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 2beta,16alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone produced decreased to 2.8:1, virtually identical to the ratio in whole cell transformations. Reconstitution assays containing all combinations of hydroxylase proteins purified from progesterone pre-incubated and control cells showed that the roseoredoxin was solely responsible for the observed changes in in vitro metabolite ratios. The fact that the lower 16alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 2beta,16alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone ratio was also obtained when S. roseochromogenes was exposed to 0.335 mM cycloheximide for 8 h prior to the progesterone pre-incubation, pointed to post-translation modification of the roseoredoxin. Separation of two isoforms of roseoredoxin by isoelectric focusing supported this proposition.

Murine cytochrome P4503A is induced by 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol(meparfynol), and tert-amyl alcohol

1. Colupulone, a constituent of hops, was shown to be a potent inducer of hepatic P4503A in mouse. The olefin, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (RC = CH2), is formed from lupulones when hops are exposed to atmospheric hydroxyl radicals. This suggested the possibility that the same reaction may occur in vivo. The credibility of this hypothesis was enhanced when RC = CH2 was shown to induce P4503A in mouse. Ethylmorphine (EM) N-demethylation, a functional marker for P4503A, was also induced by RC = CH2. 2. 3-Methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol (RC identical to meparfynol), a sedative and close structural analogue of RC = CH2, also induced P4503A and EM N-demeythylation. Tert-amyl alcohol (RC-CH3), the saturated analogue of RC = CH2, was included in t he study with the expectation that it would serve as a negative control for the anticipated induction of P4503A by the other two alcohols. This proved not to be the case; RC-CH3 was about as active an inducer of P4503A as RC = CH2 and RC identical to CH. The possibility is considered that, like valproic acid, RC-CH3 is metabolized to an olefin by P450. 3. Hydroxylation of aniline and benzo[a]pyrene by hepatic microsomes from mice treated with the three alcohols were used as functional markers for the induction of P4502E and P4501A respectively. RC = CH2 at the two lowest levels of administration suppressed aniline hydroxylation but had no effect at the highest level. RC identical to CH was ineffective and RC-CH3 was moderately inductive at all three levels. Each of the three compounds were weak to moderate inducers of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation.