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Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Nashibi R, Houshmandfar S, Tahmaseby Gandomkari S, Khodadadi A. Tranilast: a potential anti-Inflammatory and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor drug for COVID-19. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:247-258. [PMID: 34015982 PMCID: PMC8146296 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1925293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a type of beta-CoV that develops acute pneumonia, which is an inflammatory condition. A cytokine storm has been recognized as one of the leading causes of death in patients with COVID-19. ALI and ARDS along with multiple organ failure have also been presented as the consequences of acute inflammation and cytokine storm. It has been previously confirmed that SARS-CoV, as another member of the beta-CoV family, activates NLRP3 inflammasome and consequently develops acute inflammation in a variety of ways through having complex interactions with the host immune system using structural and nonstructural proteins. Numerous studies conducted on Tranilast have further demonstrated that the given drug can act as an effective anti-chemotactic factor on controlling inflammation, and thus, it can possibly help the improvement of the acute form of COVID-19 by inhibiting some key inflammation-associated transcription factors such as NF-κB and impeding NLRP3 inflammasome. Several studies have comparably revealed the direct effect of this drug on the prevention of inappropriate tissue's remodeling; inhibition of neutrophils, IL-5, and eosinophils; repression of inflammatory cell infiltration into inflammation site; restriction of factors involved in acute airway inflammation like IL-33; and suppression of cytokine IL-13, which increase mucosal secretions. Therefore, Tranilast may be considered as a potential treatment for patients with the acute form of COVID-19 along with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.,Immunology Today, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roohangiz Nashibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Ward, Razi Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sheyda Houshmandfar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Tahmaseby Gandomkari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ou M, Zhang C, Chen J, Zhao S, Cui S, Tu J. Overexpression of MicroRNA-340-5p Inhibits Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Induced by APE by Downregulating IL-1β and IL-6. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:542-554. [PMID: 32712318 PMCID: PMC7378273 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal cardiovascular disease that could eventually result in right ventricular failure. Recently, the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PAH have been highlighted. The present study aims to investigate the effects of miRNA (miR)-340-5p on PAH induced by acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and the underlying mechanisms. miR-340-5p was lowly expressed, whereas interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 were highly expressed in plasma of APE-PAH patients as compared to normal human plasma. Subsequently, IL-1β and IL-6 were confirmed to be two target genes of miR-340-5p using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. By conducting overexpression and rescue experiments, overexpression of miR-340-5p was evidenced to inhibit proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and inflammation via reducing IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Meanwhile, miR-340-5p led to the blocked nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway with reduced NF-κB p65, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9 expression in PASMCs. Finally, the ameliorative effect of miR-340-5p on pathological lesions was further verified in rat models of APE-PAH. Altogether, overexpressed miR-340-5p inhibited the inflammatory response, proliferation, and migration of PASMCs by downregulating IL-1β and IL-6, thereby suppressing the progression of APE-PAH. miR-340-5p therefore holds promise as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Ou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, P.R. China
| | - Chuntang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengli Oilfield Hospital of Dongying City, Dongying 257000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, P.R. China
| | - Shichao Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tu
- Science and Education Department, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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Dong M, Yang L, Qu M, Hu X, Duan H, Zhang X, Shi W, Zhou Q. Autocrine IL-1β mediates the promotion of corneal neovascularization by senescent fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C734-C743. [PMID: 30156862 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00205.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has confirmed that senescent fibroblasts promote corneal neovascularization (CNV) partially via the enhanced secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). However, the regulation of MMP expression in senescent fibroblasts remained unclear. In this study, we identified that the expression and secretion levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly upregulated in senescent human corneal fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts. Moreover, compared with vehicle-pretreated senescent fibroblasts, IL-1β pretreatment enhanced the expression of angiogenic factors but reduced the expression of angiostatic factors in senescent fibroblasts. When cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, IL-1β-pretreated senescent fibroblasts more strongly promoted their proliferation, migration, and tube-formation capacities than the vehicle-controlled senescent fibroblasts. In addition, either interleukin-1 receptor antagonist or anti-IL-1β neutralization completely inhibited the promotion of senescent fibroblasts in vascular tube formation in vitro and CNV in vivo. Therefore, we concluded that autocrine IL-1β mediated the promotion of senescent fibroblasts on corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchen Dong
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong , China
| | - Mingli Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong , China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong , China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong , China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong , China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong , China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong , China
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Liu Y, Kan M, Li A, Hou L, Jia H, Xin Y, Liu Y. Inhibitory Effects of Tranilast on Cytokine, Chemokine, Adhesion Molecule, and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Human Corneal Fibroblasts Exposed to Poly(I:C). Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1400-1407. [PMID: 27115203 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1127389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Viral infection of the cornea can result in inflammation and scarring and eventually cause blindness. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], an analog of viral double-stranded RNA, induces the synthesis of various cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in corneal fibroblasts. The effects of tranilast on the expression of these molecules in human corneal fibroblasts were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human corneal fibroblasts were cultured with or without poly(I:C) or tranilast. The release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and of the chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), MMP-1, and MMP-3 was evaluated by immunoblot or immunofluorescence analysis. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun (a component of the transcription factor AP-1), and IκB-α (an endogenous inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-κB) was examined by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Tranilast inhibited in a concentration- and time-dependent manner the production of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-1, and MMP-3 by corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly(I:C). It also inhibited the poly(I:C)-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun and the MAPK JNK without affecting that of IκB-α or the MAPKs ERK and p38. CONCLUSIONS Tranilast inhibited proinflammatory cytokine, chemokine, adhesion molecule, and MMP expression in human corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly(I:C), with these effects likely being mediated by attenuation of JNK-AP-1 signaling. Tranilast might therefore be expected to limit immune cell infiltration and stromal degradation associated with viral infection of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- a Department of Pathology , First Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , PR , China
| | - Mujie Kan
- b Department of Biochemistry , College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University , Jilin , PR China
| | - Aipeng Li
- c Department of Ophthalmology , First Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , PR China
| | - Lulu Hou
- c Department of Ophthalmology , First Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , PR China
| | - Hui Jia
- c Department of Ophthalmology , First Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , PR China
| | - Ying Xin
- d Key Laboratory of Pathology, Ministry of Education , Jilin University , Jilin , PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- c Department of Ophthalmology , First Hospital of Jilin University , Jilin , PR China
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Kim WK, Ryu IH, Kim HS, Kim JK. The Result of Photorefractive Keratectomy Treated with 0.1% Fluorometholone and Tranilast Eye Drops. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.5.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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