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Huang HL, Liao X, Liu HW, Ou WG, She WL, Xie B, Xiao LL, Xie GH, Huang YW. Development and Evaluation of the Airtight, Minimal-Invasive, and Fast Device Harvesting Adipose Tissue for Autologous Fat Grafting. Indian J Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-02036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Deferoxamine Protects Stromal/Stem Cells of "Lull pgm System"-Processed Lipoaspirates Against Damages Induced by Mitochondrial Respiration Inhibition. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:168-176. [PMID: 31741067 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ischemic environment of the receiving area compromises the outcome of autologous fat grafts. The aim of this study was to isolate and expand the stromal vascular fraction from patient lipoaspirates and investigate the gain in cell viability exerted by some protective agents against the blockage of mitochondrial respiration. METHODS The aspirates were (1) washed, using the "Lull pgm system," (2) centrifuged and (3) decanted. The corresponding stromal vascular fractions were isolated, and after cell adherence selection, the stromal/stem cell subpopulations were exposed to Antimycin A for 1 h. Then, the protection induced by cell pretreatment with deferoxamine, diazoxide and IGF-1 was evaluated. RESULTS The residual cell viability of the "Lull pgm system"-washed samples was greater than that of the centrifuged samples (p < 0.05), and this advantage was maintained during the following 12 days of culture. The administration of 400 μM deferoxamine before Antimycin A treatment increased the number of viable cells from 56.5 to 80.8% (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the pretreatment with 250 μM diazoxide or 0.1 μg/ml IGF-1 did not exert any significant pro-survival action. Echinomycin abolished the positive effect of deferoxamine, suggesting that its protection involved HIF-1α. CONCLUSIONS Adipose-derived stromal-stem cells survive the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration better if the lipoaspirate is washed using the "Lull pgm system" rather than centrifuged. Moreover, a significant contribution to cell survival can be obtained by preconditioning stromal-stem cells with deferoxamine. In a clinical perspective, this drug could be safely administered before surgery to patients undergoing autologous fat transfer. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Winnier GE, Valenzuela N, Peters-Hall J, Kellner J, Alt C, Alt EU. Isolation of adipose tissue derived regenerative cells from human subcutaneous tissue with or without the use of an enzymatic reagent. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221457. [PMID: 31479463 PMCID: PMC6719836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshly isolated, uncultured, autologous adipose derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) have emerged as a promising tool for regenerative cell therapy. The Transpose RT system (InGeneron, Inc., Houston, TX, USA) is a system for isolating ADRCs from adipose tissue, commercially available in Europe as a CE-marked medical device and under clinical evaluation in the United States. This system makes use of the proprietary, enzymatic Matrase Reagent for isolating cells. The present study addressed the question whether the use of Matrase Reagent influences cell yield, cell viability, live cell yield, biological characteristics, physiological functions or structural properties of the ADRCs in final cell suspension. Identical samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue from 12 subjects undergoing elective lipoplasty were processed either with or without the use of Matrase Reagent. Then, characteristics of the ADRCs in the respective final cell suspensions were evaluated. Compared to non-enzymatic isolation, enzymatic isolation resulted in approximately twelve times higher mean cell yield (i.e., numbers of viable cells/ml lipoaspirate) and approximately 16 times more colony forming units. Despite these differences, cells isolated from lipoaspirate both with and without the use of Matrase Reagent were independently able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. This indicates that biological characteristics, physiological functions or structural properties relevant for the intended use were not altered or induced using Matrase Reagent. A comprehensive literature review demonstrated that isolation of ADRCs from lipoaspirate using the Transpose RT system and the Matrase Reagent results in the highest viable cell yield among published data regarding isolation of ADRCs from lipoaspirate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eckhard U. Alt
- InGeneron, Inc., Houston, TX, United States of America
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Sanford Health, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
- Isar Klinikum Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
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Morselli PG, Giorgini FA, Pazzini C, Muscari C. Lull pgm system: A suitable technique to improve the regenerative potential of autologous fat grafting. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:722-729. [PMID: 28905449 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting and methods of purification of harvested tissue have become one of the most current themes in regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro regenerative potential of abdomen lipoaspirates subjected to a combined washing-decantation purifying procedure, the Lull pgm System (Lull). Blood cells and stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) cells contained in the aspirates were investigated and compared with those obtained through more conventional fat-processing methods, that is, the decantation and Coleman's centrifugation techniques. The lowest number of erythrocytes, which are proinflammatory cells, was observed in the Lull samples, corresponding to about 50% of those isolated by decantation and centrifugation. The highest amount of SVF cells were isolated from the Lull samples whose number of colony forming units, representative of the amount of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), was about fourfold and sixfold higher than in the decantation and centrifugation samples, respectively. Adipocyte and osteoblast commitment of SVF cells obtained from all the three procedures also confirmed that the subpopulation of ADSCs was actively represented in the processed aspirates. Moreover, the growth rate of the SVF cells was more accentuated in the samples obtained from decantation and Lull than centrifugation. In conclusion, Lull seems to be the best processing technique for adipose tissue graft with respect to decantation and centrifugation, because it clears more efficiently the fat from proinflammatory blood cells and provides the greatest number of proliferating SFV cells and ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G Morselli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico A Giorgini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Pazzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Critical steps in the isolation and expansion of adipose-derived stem cells for translational therapy. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17:e11. [PMID: 26052798 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), there have been high expectations of their putative clinical use. Recent advances support these expectations, and it is expected that the transition from pre-clinical and clinical studies to implementation as a standard treatment modality is imminent. However ASCs must be isolated and expanded according to good manufacturing practice guidelines and a basic assurance of quality, safety, and medical effectiveness is needed for authorisation by regulatory agencies, such as European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration. In this review, a collection of studies investigating the influence of different steps of the isolation and expansion protocol on the yield and functionality of ASCs has been presented in an attempt to come up with best recommendations that ensure potential beneficial clinical outcome of using ASCs in any therapeutic setting. If the findings confirm the initial observations of beneficial effects of ASCs, the path is paved for implementing these ASC-based therapies as standard treatment options.
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Savi M, Bocchi L, Fiumana E, Karam JP, Frati C, Bonafé F, Cavalli S, Morselli PG, Guarnieri C, Caldarera CM, Muscari C, Montero-Menei CN, Stilli D, Quaini F, Musso E. Enhanced engraftment and repairing ability of human adipose-derived stem cells, conveyed by pharmacologically active microcarriers continuously releasing HGF and IGF-1, in healing myocardial infarction in rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3012-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monia Savi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Emanuela Fiumana
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Karam
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy
- UMR S-1066 F-49933; LUNAM University; Angers France
- INSERM U1066; MINT “Micro Et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques” F-49933; Angers France
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Via A. Gramsci 14 43126 Parma Italy
| | - Francesca Bonafé
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Via A. Gramsci 14 43126 Parma Italy
| | - Paolo G. Morselli
- Department of Specialist; Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Carlo Guarnieri
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Claudio M. Caldarera
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Claudio Muscari
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Claudia N. Montero-Menei
- UMR S-1066 F-49933; LUNAM University; Angers France
- INSERM U1066; MINT “Micro Et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques” F-49933; Angers France
| | - Donatella Stilli
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A 43124 Parma Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Via A. Gramsci 14 43126 Parma Italy
| | - Ezio Musso
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A 43124 Parma Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research; Bologna Italy
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Nitric oxide regulates multiple functions and fate of adult progenitor and stem cells. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 71:141-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Karam JP, Bonafè F, Sindji L, Muscari C, Montero-Menei CN. Adipose-derived stem cell adhesion on laminin-coated microcarriers improves commitment toward the cardiomyogenic lineage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1828-39. [PMID: 25098676 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For tissue-engineering studies of the infarcted heart it is essential to identify a source of cells that may provide cardiomyocyte progenitors, which is easy to amplify, accessible in adults, and allowing autologous grafts. Preclinical studies have shown that human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells and improve heart function in myocardial infarction. We have developed pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAMs) which are biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microspheres conveying cells on their biomimetic surface, therefore providing an adequate three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Moreover, they can release a growth factor in a prolonged manner. In order to implement ADSCs and PAMs for cardiac tissue engineering we first defined the biomimetic surface by studying the influence of matrix molecules laminin (LM) and fibronectin (FN), in combination with growth factors present in the cardiogenic niche, to further enhance the in vitro cardiac differentiation of ADSCs. We demonstrated that LM increased the expression of cardiac markers (Nkx2.5, GATA4, MEF2C) by ADSCs after 2 weeks in vitro. Interestingly, our results suggest that the 3D support provided by PAMs with a LM biomimetic surface (LM-PAMs) further enhanced the expression of cardiac markers and induced the expression of a more mature contractile protein, cardiac troponin I, compared with the 2D differentiating conditions after only 1 week in culture. The enrichment of the growth-factor cocktail with TGF-β1 potentiated the cardiomyogenic differentiation. These results suggest that PAMs offering a LM biomimetic surface may be efficiently used for applications combining adult stem cells in tissue-engineering strategies of the ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Karam
- LUNAM Université, UMR S-1066 F-49933, Angers, France; NSERM U1066, MINT "Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques,", F-49933, Angers, France; INRC-National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Strategies affording prevascularized cell-based constructs for myocardial tissue engineering. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:434169. [PMID: 24511317 PMCID: PMC3913389 DOI: 10.1155/2014/434169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of a functional cardiac tissue to be transplanted in the injured area of the infarcted myocardium represents a challenge for regenerative medicine. Most cell-based grafts are unviable because of inadequate perfusion; therefore, prevascularization might be a suitable approach for myocardial tissue engineering. To this aim, cells with a differentiation potential towards vascular and cardiac muscle phenotypes have been cocultured in 2D or 3D appropriate scaffolds. In addition to these basic approaches, more sophisticated strategies have been followed employing mixed-cell sheets, microvascular modules, and inosculation from vascular explants. Technologies exerting spatial control of vascular cells, such as topographical surface roughening and ordered patterning, represent other ways to drive scaffold vascularization. Finally, microfluidic devices and bioreactors exerting mechanical stress have also been employed for high-throughput scaling-up production in order to accelerate muscle differentiation and speeding the endothelialization process. Future research should address issues such as how to optimize cells, biomaterials, and biochemical components to improve the vascular integration of the construct within the cardiac wall, satisfying the metabolic and functional needs of the myocardial tissue.
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Muscari C, Giordano E, Bonafè F, Govoni M, Pasini A, Guarnieri C. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning as putative therapeutic targets to reduce tumor survival and malignancy. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:1141-5. [PMID: 24230458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In tumors intermittent hypoxia has been reported to be more representative than normoxia or continuous exposure to low oxygen concentrations. Intermittent hypoxia is thought to increase tumor resistance against both anti-cancer therapy and the sustained ischemia that randomly occurs because of the dynamic nature of tumor vasculature. Here, we hypothesize that the molecular mechanisms underlying intermittent hypoxia in tumor cells share some triggers, modulators, and end-effectors of the intermittent episodes of ischemia and reperfusion that characterize ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. These are among the most effective maneuvers protecting cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury. If this hypothesis were confirmed, several well-investigated molecular mediators of pre/post-conditioning could be explored as therapeutic targets against tumor malignancy. For examples, drugs that completely block the cardioprotection induced by ischemic preconditioning, such as mitochondrial potassium ATP channel inhibitors or mitochondrial permeability transition pore openers, could be extraordinarily efficient in counteracting the adaptations of tumor cells and cancer stem cells to intermittent hypoxia. As a consequence, this strategy should be effective in blunting tumor capacity to progress toward malignancy and survive in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy; BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.
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Muscari C, Giordano E, Bonafè F, Govoni M, Pasini A, Guarnieri C. Priming adult stem cells by hypoxic pretreatments for applications in regenerative medicine. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:63. [PMID: 23985033 PMCID: PMC3765890 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of regenerative medicine can be ameliorated by improving the biological performances of stem cells before their transplantation. Several ex-vivo protocols of non-damaging cell hypoxia have been demonstrated to significantly increase survival, proliferation and post-engraftment differentiation potential of stem cells. The best results for priming cultured stem cells against a following, otherwise lethal, ischemic stress have been obtained with brief intermittent episodes of hypoxia, or anoxia, and reoxygenation in accordance with the extraordinary protection afforded by the conventional maneuver of ischemic preconditioning in severely ischemic organs. These protocols of hypoxic preconditioning can be rather easily reproduced in a laboratory; however, more suitable pharmacological interventions inducing stem cell responses similar to those activated in hypoxia are considered among the most promising solutions for future applications in cell therapy. Here we want to offer an up-to-date review of the molecular mechanisms translating hypoxia into beneficial events for regenerative medicine. To this aim the involvement of epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and oxidative stress, mainly activated by hypoxia inducible factors, will be discussed. Stem cell adaptation to their natural hypoxic microenvironments (niche) in healthy and neoplastic tissues will be also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Oh SH, Kim CH, Kim JH, Kim HE, Song SY. Analysis of Stromal Vascular Fraction from Lipoaspirates: Our Institute's Experiences. ARCHIVES OF AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY 2013. [DOI: 10.14730/aaps.2013.19.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chung Hun Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- CHAUM Global Stem Cell Clinical Trials Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hye Eun Kim
- CHAUM Global Stem Cell Clinical Trials Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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