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Nakashima A, Horita S, Matsunaga T, Inoue R, Zoshima T, Mizushima I, Hara S, Ito K, Fujii H, Nomura H, Kawano M. Factors contributing to discrepant estimated glomerular filtration values measured by creatinine and cystatin C in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9884. [PMID: 33972623 PMCID: PMC8110572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the factors underlying the discrepancy that has been noted between estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) measured using serum creatinine (Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (CysC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify those patients whose renal function should be evaluated using CysC. We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, disease activity, Steinbrocker radiological staging, and co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia) in 238 RA patients. eGFR using serum creatinine (eGFR-Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (eGFR-CysC) were calculated using the new Japanese coefficient-modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. To clarify the cause(s) of differences of 20% or more between the two eGFRs, we divided our RA patients into Group A (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC ≥ 1.2) and Group B (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC < 1.2), and searched for factors independently related to Group A. Forty-five patients (18.9%) were assigned to Group A, and 193 (81.1%) to Group B. BMI (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.820, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.675–0.996), Hb (OR 0.633, 95% CI 0.433–0.926), CK (OR 0.773 per 10 units, 95% CI 0.644–0.933), NSAID use (OR 0.099, 95% CI 0.020–0.494), diabetes mellitus (OR 6.024, 95% CI 1.508–24.390) and stage 4 Steinbrocker radiological stage (OR 10.309, 95% CI 2.994–35.714) were identified as independent relevant factors for Group A by a multifactorial analysis. Renal function in RA patients with low BMI, diabetes, anemia and low CK may be overestimated using eGFR-Cr alone, and such patients need to be evaluated using eGFR-CysC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikatsu Nakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeto Horita
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsunaga
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Ishikawa-Ken Saiseikai Kanazawa Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Zoshima
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mizushima
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hideki Nomura
- Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
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Oweis AO, Alawneh KM, Alshelleh SA, Alnaimat F, Alawneh D, Zahran DJ. Renal dysfunction among rheumatoid arthritis patients: A retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:280-284. [PMID: 33204418 PMCID: PMC7649584 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common rheumatological disease which can involve a variety of different renal manifestations. This may be explained by disease effect itself or by medications used for treatment that may lead to renal dysfunction and its complications. We aimed to identify the prevalence and factors that played a role in renal dysfunction among RA Jordanian patients. Method 285 patients with RA visiting outpatient clinic between March 2016 and March 2017 were included in a retrospective study design. Age, gender, comorbidities, duration of the disease, medications and laboratory results were gathered and scoring of RA activity was done. Results Data gathered from the 285 patients showed a female predominance with 88.4% female and 11.6% male. The average disease duration was 6.7 years. Age, DM, HTN, and serum CRP were associated with worse renal function on univariate analysis. 44 patients (18.8%) presented with microscopic hematuria, 16 (6.9%) with proteinuria and only 5 (2.1%) patients presented with both microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Patients with eGFR <60 ml/min had longer disease duration with a mean of 11 years (±7.7) in comparison to 6.4 years (±6.1) for those with eGFR>90 ml/min (P = 0.001). Conclusion Renal dysfunction is not common in RA Jordanian population and has variable presentations. Age and the duration of illness play a major role in the progression of CKD if present. Future prospective studies evaluating renal biopsies in RA patients are needed. First study in the country to discuss the prevalence of renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Renal involvement is rare in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Different drugs can affect renal outcome in a different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf O Oweis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khaldoon M Alawneh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sameeha A Alshelleh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatima Alnaimat
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Diala Alawneh
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Deeb Jamil Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Nozawa Y, Sato H, Wakamatsu A, Kobayashi D, Nakatsue T, Wada Y, Kuroda T, Kazama JJ, Suzuki Y, Nakano M, Narita I. Utility of estimated glomerular filtration rate using cystatin C and its interpretation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under glucocorticoid therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:299-305. [PMID: 30321524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often have reduced muscle mass. Estimated glomerular filtration ratio using the serum cystatin C concentration (eGFRcys) is more accurate than eGFR using the serum creatinine (eGFRcreat) because cystatin C is not influenced by muscle mass, but glucocorticoid therapy may affect serum cystatin C concentration. METHODS Fifty patients with RA were included in this study. Renal inulin clearance (Cin) was measured and compared with eGFRcreat, eGFRcys, or the mean of eGFRcreat and eGFRcys (eGFRavg). RESULTS The mean creatine kinase (CK) concentration was low (36.8 ± 24.4 U/l).The eGFRcreat and eGFRcys regression lines were significantly different from y = x. The mean eGFRcreat value was significantly higher than Cin and that of eGFRcys was lower than Cin. The difference between eGFRcys and Cin was negatively correlated with daily PSL dose. The mean eGFRcys value of patients taking <10 mg PSL was not different from Cin and the eGFRcys regression line was not different from y = x. CONCLUSION eGFRcys of patients taking a daily PSL dose ≥10 mg was inaccurate, while eGFRcys was underestimated. eGFRcys was more accurate than eGFRcreat or eGFRavg for patients taking a daily PSL dose of <10 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nozawa
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroe Sato
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan; Health Administration Center, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishiku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Ayako Wakamatsu
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakatsue
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Wada
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Health Administration Center, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishiku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
| | - Junichiro James Kazama
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Suzuki
- Health Administration Center, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishiku, Niigata City 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakano
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, 2-746 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8518, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuoku, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan
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Sato H, Kazama JJ, Murasawa A, Otani H, Abe A, Ito S, Ishikawa H, Nakazono K, Kuroda T, Nakano M, Narita I. Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Intern Med 2016; 55:121-6. [PMID: 26781009 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by periarticular and systemic osteoporosis. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is mainly produced by osteocytes, circulates to the kidneys and regulates bone metabolism. We herein assessed serum FGF23 and its relationship to inflammation and osteoporosis in patients with RA. Methods Sixty-one patients with RA were included. Serum concentrations of FGF23 were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The mean (± standard deviation) serum FGF23 concentration was 34.9±9.2 (range, 21.0-61.0) pg/mL. The serum FGF23 level was significantly and positively correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, disease activity score-28 based on the ESR (DAS-28 ESR) and DAS-28 CRP (r=0.261, p=0.044, r=0.280, p=0.029, r=0.409, p=0.001 and r=0.421, p=0.001, respectively). The serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 level was also significantly and positively correlated with the serum FGF23 level (r=0.331, p=0.015). Concentrations of type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide in the serum was significantly correlated with the serum FGF23 level (r=0.272, p=0.034). Neither the bone mineral density in the femoral neck nor lumbar was significantly correlated with the serum FGF23 level. Serum phosphate, calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and intact parathyroid hormone were not related to the serum FGF23 level. Conclusion In patients with RA, serum FGF23 is correlated with inflammation, the disease activity of RA, and bone absorption markers. Serum FGF23 may be associated with abnormal bone absorption related to RA inflammation. Further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanism underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Niigata Rheumatic Center, Japan
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Lavatelli F, Albertini R, Di Fonzo A, Palladini G, Merlini G. Biochemical markers in early diagnosis and management of systemic amyloidoses. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 52:1517-31. [PMID: 24870609 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic amyloid diseases are characterized by widespread protein deposition as amyloid fibrils. Precise diagnostic framing is the prerequisite for a correct management of patients. This complex process is achieved through a series of steps, which include detection of the tissue amyloid deposits, identification of the amyloid type, demonstration of the amyloidogenic precursor, and evaluation of organ dysfunction/damage. Laboratory medicine plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of systemic amyloidoses, through the quantification of the amyloidogenic precursor and evaluation of end-organ damage using biomarkers.
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Altunoğlu A, Erten Ş, Şahin A, Işıkoğlu S, Neşelioğlu S, Erzurum C, Erel Ö. Serum cystatin C is not an appropriate marker for kidney involvement in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 20:371-375. [PMID: 25367815 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate serum cystatin C (cysC) levels in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients, and evaluate its correlation with renal involment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-six pSS patients and 65 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Serum cysC, urea, serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (CrCl), glomerular filtration rates (GFR), Na, K, Mg, Ca, uric acid, P, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B, antinuclear antibodies, 24-h urinary poteinuria and microalbuminuria were evaluated. RESULTS Mean serum cysC levels did not differ between the patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05). Nine patients with pSS had proteinuria over 150 mg (and microalbuminuria over 30 mg) per 24 h. In patients with proteinuria, serum cysC levels correlated with serum K (r = 0.279, P = 0.024), ESR (r = 0.405, P = 0.001) and the disease duration (r = 0.235, P = 0.04), respectively. Patients with positive anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B antibodies had higher SCr levels compared to those with negative serology (r = 0.292, P = 0.009, and r = 0.259, P = 0.022, respectively). Nine patients with proteinuria and anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B positivity tended to have lower K and Mg levels which suggests subclinical renal tubular acidosis. CONCLUSION There were no associations between serum cysC levels and renal involvement in patients with pSS. However, in patients with proteinuria, serum cysC levels were correlated with acute-phase reactants, suggesting an association with disease activity in terms of degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Altunoğlu
- Department of Nephrology, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Bilkent-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Şahin
- Department of Rheumatology, Şanlıurfa Education and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Semra Işıkoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cahide Erzurum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diyarbakır Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Terai C, Tsutsumi T, Sakurai T, Moriguchi M, Azuma T, Kaneko M, Kawagoe M, Hoshi K, Yoshida H, Matsui T, Nakajima K, Okuyama A, Nishi E, Amano K, Ota M, Mimura T, Chino K, Aoki K, Handa Y, Hirose T, Kida I, Kobayashi S, Suzuki K, Matsuzaki T, Kuga Y. The efficacy of mizoribine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with renal function. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 24:892-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.885376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sakallı H, Kal Ö. Mean platelet volume as a potential predictor of proteinuria and amyloidosis in familial Mediterranean fever. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:1185-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ohara G, Kurishima K, Nakazawa K, Kawaguchi M, Kagohashi K, Ishikawa H, Hizawa N, Satoh H. Age-dependent decline in renal function in patients with lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:38-42. [PMID: 22807956 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of aging on renal function. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24-h creatinine clearance (measured-CrCl) were examined in lung cancer patients and the measured-CrCl were compared with CrCl estimates by employing two commonly used equations. In total, 787 lung cancer patients who were diagnosed between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. SCr and urine creatinine, BUN and measured-CrCl were evaluated prior to treatment. The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formulae were also used to estimate CrCl. SCr, BUN and measured-CrCl showed a significant decline in the elderly. In the 787 lung cancer patients, a significant correlation coefficient was found between measured-CrCl and age. However, in patients aged 80 years or older, no significant correlation coefficient was found between measured-CrCl and age. In the comparison between the measured CrCl and the CrCls estimated by the two formulae, the CG-CrCl levels were lower than those of the measured-CrCl, whereas the MDRD-CrCl levels were higher. Age is a crucial factor influencing renal function in patients with lung cancer. Particularly in the elderly, a decline in CrCl and greater individual variability in CrCl, as well as discrepancies in measured-CrCl and estimated CrCls are significant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Ohara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba
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Abstract
The cardiac involvement and associated mortality that occur in systemic AL amyloidosis remain among the most challenging aspects of the systemic amyloid-related diseases. Monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains produced by a clone of plasma cells are usually the cause of symptoms and organ dysfunction via both poorly understood toxic effects of misfolded species and accumulation of interstitial amyloid fibrils in key viscera. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the clonal cells in order to eliminate toxic light chain production. Recent advances in therapy have helped many patients with AL achieve complete hematologic responses and significant reversal of organ damage but these benefits do not extend to that 10-15 % who present with advanced cardiac involvement. Even with cardiac transplant followed by effective therapy such as stem cell transplant, outcomes for these patients remain promising at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation "IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo", and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy,
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Targońska-Stepniak B, Majdan M. Cystatin C concentration is correlated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:341-6. [PMID: 21619490 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.571219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, inflammatory disease. Renal involvement worsens the course of RA and increases mortality. It is suggested that chronic inflammatory processes may contribute to renal impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic inflammation and RA activity on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS The study population consisted of 140 RA patients. High disease activity was observed in 42 patients (30%), and long-term RA (duration ≥ 10 years) in 64 (45.7%). Measures of renal function included: serum cystatin C, serum creatinine (SCr), and creatinine-based estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated by Cockcroft and Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formulas. RESULTS The mean (SD) cystatin C concentration was 0.77 (0.2) mg/L, SCr 0.71 (0.23) mg/dL, eGFR(CG) 110.5 (37.8) mL/min/1.73 m², and eGFR(MDRD) 109.5 (34.5) mL/min/1.73 m². Cystatin C levels correlated positively with creatinine, and negatively with eGFR(CG) and eGFR(MDRD). Cystatin C concentration was significantly higher in patients with high disease activity, long-term RA, and hypertension, and in males. Patients currently being treated with biologics had non-significantly lower cystatin C levels than those treated with conventional modifying drugs. Cystatin C levels were significantly associated with markers of clinical, functional disease activity, and markers of inflammation. By contrast, there were no such correlations with other parameters of renal function. CONCLUSIONS In patients with RA, cystatin C may be not only an indicator of GFR but also a marker of intensity of chronic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Targońska-Stepniak
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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