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Mattsson M, Sandqvist G, Hesselstrand R, Olsson D, Kwakkenbos L, Nordin A, Boström C. Validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale for individuals with systemic sclerosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 51:110-119. [PMID: 34251963 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2021.1917142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate aspects of validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SEMCD-Swe) scale in systemic sclerosis (SSc).Method: A forward-backward translation procedure was used. Content validity was assessed through interviews with 11 people with SSc and 10 healthcare professionals. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and floor and ceiling effects were evaluated in 104 SSc patients.Results: The content validity of the SEMCD-Swe was interpreted as satisfactory, but some adjustments were made to increase the understanding. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor structure. Moderate to strong correlations between the SEMCD-Swe and Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire; Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue; Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (rs = -0.4 to -0.7), and RAND-36 subscales (rs = 0.5 to 0.7) were found. Weak correlations were found between SEMCD-Swe and modified Rodnan skin score; and disease severity of peripheral vascular and lung (rs = -0.1 to -0.2) and kidney (rs = 0.1) systems (Medsger severity scale). Cronbach's alpha was sufficient (0.85) and corrected item-to-total correlations were good (≥ 0.50). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score was sufficient (0.82). No floor or ceiling effects were found.Conclusion: Support for construct validity was indicated, as the SEMCD-Swe in SSc show a single-factor structure and is more strongly associated with pain, fatigue, depressive symptoms, interferences with daily activities, disability, and quality of life than with disease severity. Our results also indicate support for content validity and reliability. However, the responsiveness of the SEMCD-Swe needs to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mattsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiotherapy, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden
| | - G Sandqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - R Hesselstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Olsson
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kwakkenbos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Nordin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Boström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Women's Health and Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mattsson M, Sandqvist G, Hesselstrand R, Nordin A, Boström C. Validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 in Swedish for individuals with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:1675-1687. [PMID: 32661929 PMCID: PMC7452881 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms are common in rheumatic diseases and influence patients’ quality of life. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which assesses symptoms of depression, is valid in English in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the measurement properties of the PHQ-8 (short version of the PHQ-9) have not been evaluated in Swedish patients with SSc. Objective To investigate different aspects of validity and reliability of the PHQ-8 in Swedish (PHQ-8 Swe) for individuals with SSc. Methods A total of 101 patients with SSc participated. Content validity was evaluated via interviews of 11 patients and 10 health professionals. Construct validity, internal consistency test–retest reliability, and floor/ceiling effects were evaluated in 90 patients. Results Content validity was satisfactory, but some linguistic adjustments were made. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a better fit for a two-factor structure. Moderate-to-strong correlations were found between the PHQ-8 Swe and scleroderma HAQ including VAS (rs = 0.4–0.7); Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (rs = 0.7); RAND-36 subscales (rs = − 0.5 to − 0.8); and lung disease severity (Medsger scores) (rs = 0.4). There were weak correlations (rs = <0.4) between the PHQ-8 Swe and modified Rodnan skin score; and vascular, heart, and kidney disease severity. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85, corrected item-to-total correlations were >0.40, and the ICC for the total score was 0.83. No floor/ceiling effects were found. Conclusion The PHQ-8 Swe has satisfactory content validity and sufficient reliability in patients with in majority limited SSc. It is more strongly associated with self-reported disability, pain, disease interferences with daily activities, fatigue, and quality of life than with disease severity, except for a moderate association with lung severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Mattsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Physiotherapy, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Gunnel Sandqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Hesselstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annica Nordin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Boström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review how the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) has been used and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS We conducted a database search using "multidimensional assessment of fatigue" or "MAF" as key terms from 1993 to 2015, and located 102 studies. RESULTS Eighty-three were empirical studies and 19 were reviews/evaluations. Research was conducted in 17 countries; 32 diseases were represented. Nine language versions of the MAF were used. The mean of the Global Fatigue Index ranged from 10.9 to 49.4. The MAF was reported to be easy-to-use, had strong reliability and validity, and was used in populations who spoke languages other than English. CONCLUSION The MAF is an acceptable assessment tool to measure fatigue and intervention effectiveness in various languages, diseases, and settings across the world.
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Waldheim E, Ajeganova S, Bergman S, Frostegård J, Welin E. Variation in pain related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a 7-year follow-up study. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:1825-1834. [PMID: 29654486 PMCID: PMC6006213 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) reported low degree of SLE-related pain. However, 24% of the patients reported high degree of SLE-related pain, more fatigue, anxiety and depression, and worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To explore SLE-related pain, the presence of long-standing widespread pain, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after 7 years. Sixty-four out of 84 patients participated in a 7-year follow-up of the original survey and completed the same questionnaires answered at inclusion: pain (VAS 100 mm), fatigue (MAF), HRQoL (SF-36), anxiety and depression (HADS), and, if appropriate, a pain-drawing. Differences between inclusion and follow-up (change) were calculated. The patients with a low degree of SLE-related pain at inclusion reported no changes at follow-up in pain and PROs except for worsening in physical function in SF-36, median change (IQR) 0 (- 10 to 5), p = 0.024. Half of the patients with high degree of pain at inclusion reported decreased pain at follow-up, median change (IQR) 45 (35 to 65), p = 0.021; fatigue, 8 (8 to 17), p = 0.018; anxiety, 4 (1 to 4), p = 0.035; and depression, 4 (2 to 5), p = 0.018 and improvements in most dimensions of SF-36. The remaining half of the patients reported no changes regarding pain and PROs except for a worsening in vitality in SF-36, 20 (15 to 35), p = 0.0018. All patients with remaining high level of pain indicated long-standing widespread pain. After 7 years, a subgroup of patients with SLE reported remaining high level of SLE-related pain and a high symptom burden, including long-standing widespread pain. Such patients require more observant attention to receive appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Waldheim
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Ajeganova
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge H7, Unit for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Welin
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Turkish Version of Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue and Fatigue Severity Scale is Reproducible and Correlated With Other Outcome Measures in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arch Rheumatol 2016; 31:329-332. [PMID: 30375564 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2016.5909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the reproducibility of Turkish versions of multidimensional assessment of fatigue (MAF) and fatigue severity scales (FSS) and the relationship between health related quality of life, disability, and psychological status in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Patients and methods A total of 21 female patients (mean age 47.14±10.39 years; range 18 to 75 years) who met 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for SSc were evaluated for severity of organ involvement and symptoms. Turkish version of MAF, FSS, and visual analog scale of fatigue were assessed at baseline and after two to three weeks. Level of dyspnea was noted and disability, functional limitation, and quality of life were assessed by health assessment questionnaire, 6-minute walking distance, and short-form 36, respectively. Results Ten patients had diffuse and 11 had limited SSc. MAF subscales and FSS had significant correlations with short-form 36-vitality subscale and 6-minute walking distance. Intraclass correlation coefficients for FSS and visual analog scale of fatigue were 0.824 (95% confidence interval, 0.566- 0.929) and 0.932 (95% confidence interval, 0.832-0.972), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients for MAF subscales changed between 0.916 and 0.968, except for MAF-timing (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.404). Conclusion Our results revealed that FSS and MAF subscales had high reproducibility and correlated well with quality of life and disability scales which, to some extent, may suggest convergent validity of MAF subscales and FSS in SSc. The incompatible nature and four-choice answering in two items of MAF-timing may be the underlying reason for trivial relationship with other parameters. The Turkish version of MAF and FSS may be used to assess fatigue in patients with SSc.
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Pettersson S, Boström C, Eriksson K, Svenungsson E, Gunnarsson I, Henriksson EW. Lifestyle habits and fatigue among people with systemic lupus erythematosus and matched population controls. Lupus 2015; 24:955-65. [PMID: 25697772 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315572716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to identify clusters of fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and matched controls, and to analyze these clusters with respect to lifestyle habits, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety and depression. METHODS Patients with SLE (n = 305) and age- and gender-matched population controls (n = 311) were included. Three measurements of fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Vitality (VT, from SF-36) and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale (MAF) and hierarchic cluster analysis were used to define clusters with different degrees of fatigue. Lifestyle habits were investigated through questionnaires. HRQoL was assessed with the SF-36 and anxiety/depression with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS Three clusters, denominated "High," "Intermediate" and "Low" fatigue clusters, were identified. The "High" contained 80% patients, and 20% controls (median; VT 25, FSS 5.8, MAF 37.4). These had the most symptoms of depression (51%) and anxiety (34%), lowest HRQoL (p < 0.001) and they exercised least frequently. The "Intermediate" (48% patients and 52% controls) (median; VT 55, FSS 4.1, MAF 23.5) had similarities with the "Low" regarding sleep/rest whereas social status and smoking were closer to the "High." The"Low" contained 22% patients and 78% controls (median; VT 80, FSS 2.3, MAF 10.9). They had the highest perceived HRQoL (p < 0.001), least symptoms of anxiety (10%), no depression, smoked least (13%) and reported the highest percentage (24%) of exercising ≥ 3 times/week. CONCLUSION Fatigue is common, but not a general feature of SLE. It is associated with depression, anxiety, low HRQoL and less physical exercise. Patients with SLE and population controls with a healthy lifestyle reported lower levels of fatigue. Whether lifestyle changes can reduce fatigue, which is a major problem for a majority of SLE patients, needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pettersson
- Rheumatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Boström
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Eriksson
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Welin Henriksson
- Rheumatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Waldheim E, Elkan AC, Pettersson S, Vollenhoven RV, Bergman S, Frostegård J, Henriksson EW. Health-related quality of life, fatigue and mood in patients with SLE and high levels of pain compared to controls and patients with low levels of pain. Lupus 2013; 22:1118-27. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313502109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue, anxiety and depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and higher levels of pain and to compare them to patients with lower levels of pain and controls. Method Patients were dichotomized into two groups based on SLE-related pain score on the visual analog scale (VAS): low-pain group (76%, n = 64, VAS 0–39 mm) and high-pain group (24%, n = 20, VAS 40–100 mm) . Sex- and age-matched controls were randomly selected from the general population. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires regarding self-reported pain, HRQoL, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Medical assessments also were recorded. Result Fatigue score in the high-pain group (median, 36.5; interquartile range (IQR), 32.5–39.7) was significantly higher ( p < 0.001) compared to the low-pain group (median, 23; IQR, 14.6–34.1), as well as scores for anxiety (median, 9; IQR, 6.5–11.5) and depression (median, 7.5; IQR, 5.5–9) ( p < 0.001). The high-pain group had significantly lower scores compared to the low-pain group in all dimensions in the SF-36 ( p ≤ 0.001–0.007). No statistical differences were detected between the low-pain group and controls in any measurement except for the dimensions physical function, general health, vitality and social function in SF-36. Conclusion Patients with SLE scoring higher degrees of pain were burdened with more fatigue, anxiety and depression and lower levels of HRQoL compared to patients with lower levels of pain who did not differ significantly from the general population in most dimensions. These results elucidate the importance of identifying patients with higher degrees of pain who are probably in need of more extensive multidimensional interventions to decrease symptom burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waldheim
- Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - A-C Elkan
- Innovation and Development SRQ (Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register) Dept. of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - S Pettersson
- Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - R van Vollenhoven
- Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - S Bergman
- Research and Development Centre, Spenshult Hospital, Sweden; Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - J Frostegård
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - E Welin Henriksson
- Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Lööf H, Johansson UB, Henriksson EW, Lindblad S, Saboonchi F. Pain and fatigue in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Association with body awareness, demographic, disease-related, emotional and psychosocial factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2013.32040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Harel D, Thombs BD, Hudson M, Baron M, Steele R. Measuring fatigue in SSc: a comparison of the Short Form-36 Vitality subscale and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue scale. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:2177-85. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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