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Zhang L, Wang X, Sohail T, Jiang C, Sun Y, Wang J, Sun X, Li Y. Punicalagin Protects Ram Sperm from Oxidative Stress by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Mitochondrial Potential during Liquid Storage at 4 °C. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:318. [PMID: 38275778 PMCID: PMC10812493 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of punicalagin, an antioxidant, on ram sperm quality. Semen samples were collected and pooled from five rams, then diluted using a Tris-based diluent containing various concentrations (0, 5, 15, 30 and 45 μM) of punicalagin. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured and analyzed during liquid storage at 4 °C. The results showed that the Tris-based solution containing punicalagin improved sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, TAC, SOD, CAT and MMP, and decreased ROS content and MDA content. At the same time, the semen sample diluted with the Tris-based solution supplemented with 30 μM punicalagin achieved the best effect. The sperm total motility, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, TAC, SOD, CAT and MMP of the group supplemented with 30 μM punicalagin were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the other groups on the 5th day during the liquid storage at 4 °C. Meanwhile, the ROS content and MDA content were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in the other groups. In conclusion, the optimal concentration of punicalagin in the Hu ram semen diluent was determined to be 30 μM. The results indicated that a diluent supplemented with punicalagin could enhance the quality of ram sperm preserved at 4 °C by increasing antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial potential and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Z.); (X.W.); (T.S.); (C.J.); (Y.S.); (J.W.); (X.S.)
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2
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Shahisavandi M, Wang K, Ghanbari M, Ahmadizar F. Exploring Metabolomic Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Response to Glucose-Lowering Medications-Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1464. [PMID: 37510368 PMCID: PMC10379356 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of information related to precision medicine in diabetes generally includes clinical data, genetics, and omics-based biomarkers that can guide personalized decisions on diabetes care. Given the remarkable progress in patient risk characterization, there is particular interest in using molecular biomarkers to guide diabetes management. Metabolomics is an emerging molecular approach that helps better understand the etiology and promises the identification of novel biomarkers for complex diseases. Both targeted or untargeted metabolites extracted from cells, biofluids, or tissues can be investigated by established high-throughput platforms, like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Metabolomics is proposed as a valuable tool in precision diabetes medicine to discover biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the progress of diabetes through personalized phenotyping and individualized drug-response monitoring. This review offers an overview of metabolomics knowledge as potential biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) diagnosis and the response to glucose-lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahisavandi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Taya N, Katakami N, Omori K, Arakawa S, Hosoe S, Watanabe H, Takahara M, Miyashita K, Nishizawa H, Matsuoka T, Furuno M, Bamba T, Iida J, Fukusaki E, Shimomura I. Evaluation of change in metabolome caused by comprehensive diabetes treatment: A prospective observational study of diabetes inpatients with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based non-target metabolomic analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:2232-2241. [PMID: 34032389 PMCID: PMC8668060 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Diabetes patients develop a variety of metabolic abnormalities in addition to hyperglycemia. However, details regarding change in various metabolites after comprehensive diabetes treatment remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the short-term change in metabolome in inpatients who were subject to comprehensive diabetes treatment, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based non-target metabolomics techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants of the present study were randomly recruited from the patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized due to problems with glycemic control (n = 31) and volunteers without diabetes (n = 30), both of whom were aged between 20 and 75 years. A metabolomic analysis of fasting plasma samples on the 2nd (pre-treatment) and 16th hospital (post-treatment) day with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using a multiple reaction monitoring mode was carried out. RESULTS A principal component analysis showed that metabolome of fasting plasma was different between individuals with and without diabetes. The metabolome of fasting plasma in diabetes patients after treatment was different from that of pre-treatment, as well as individuals without diabetes. Many amino acids (proline, glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, pyroglutamic acid, glutamine and lysine) were significantly increased by >10% after administering the inpatient diabetes treatment. A hierarchical clustering analysis showed that in the case of patients with markedly decreased monosaccharide levels and increased 1,5-anhydroglucitol, the levels of amino acids increased more significantly. CONCLUSIONS After a 2-week comprehensive treatment, the plasma levels of various amino acids increased in conjunction with the reduction in monosaccharide levels in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Taya
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
- Department of Metabolism and AtherosclerosisOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kazuo Omori
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Shoya Arakawa
- Laboratory of Bioresource EngineeringDepartment of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shigero Hosoe
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
- Department of Diabetes Care MedicineGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Taka‐Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Laboratory of Bioresource EngineeringDepartment of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of MetabolomicsResearch Center for Transomics MedicineMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Junko Iida
- Shimadzu CorporationKyotoJapan
- Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research LaboratoriesGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Laboratory of Bioresource EngineeringDepartment of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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4
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Quek DQY, He F, Sultana R, Banu R, Chee ML, Nusinovici S, Thakur S, Qian C, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Novel Serum and Urinary Metabolites Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Three Asian Cohorts. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090614. [PMID: 34564429 PMCID: PMC8467425 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, but understanding of its pathophysiology remains incomplete. Meta-analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies (2004–11) representing three major Asian ethnic groups (aged 40–80 years: Chinese, 592; Malays, 1052; Indians, 1320) was performed. A panel of 228 serum/plasma metabolites and 54 urinary metabolites were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Main outcomes were defined as any DR, moderate/above DR, and vision-threatening DR assessed from retinal photographs. The relationship between metabolites and DR outcomes was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models, and metabolites significant after Bonferroni correction were meta-analyzed. Among serum/plasma metabolites, lower levels of tyrosine and cholesterol esters to total lipids ratio in IDL and higher levels of creatinine were positively associated with all three outcomes of DR (all p < 0.005). Among urinary metabolites, lower levels of citrate, ethanolamine, formate, and hypoxanthine were positively associated with all three DR outcomes (all p < 0.005). Higher levels of serum/plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate and lower levels of urinary 3-hydroxyisobutyrate were associated with VTDR. Comprehensive metabolic profiling in three large Asian cohorts with DR demonstrated alterations in serum/plasma and urinary metabolites mostly related to amino acids, lipoprotein subclasses, kidney function, and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Q. Y. Quek
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
| | - Feng He
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
| | - Rehena Sultana
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Riswana Banu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
| | - Miao Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
| | - Simon Nusinovici
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
| | - Chaoxu Qian
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; (D.Q.Y.Q.); (F.H.); (R.B.); (M.L.C.); (S.N.); (S.T.); (C.Q.); (C.-Y.C.); (T.Y.W.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6576-7286; Fax: +65-6225-2568
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5
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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6
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Wang N, Yang K, Guo HT, Wang JR, Sun HH, Wang SW, Sun M, Sun LZ, Yue SL, Zhou JB. Protective influence of rosiglitazone against time-dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa preserved at 17°C. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1069-1077. [PMID: 31099063 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells, and energy metabolism plays an important role in modulating sperm viability and function. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class that regulates metabolic flexibility and glucose uptake in various cell types, but its effects on boar sperm metabolism are unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of rosiglitazone against time-dependent deterioration of boar spermatozoa during liquid preservation at 17°C. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) containing different concentrations of rosiglitazone, and the motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of sperm were detected. Besides, we measured glucose uptake capacity, l-lactate production level, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production of sperm after boar semen had been incubated with or without rosiglitazone, iodoacetate (glycolysis inhibitor) and rotenone (electron transport chain inhibitor) for 5 days. The addition of rosiglitazone significantly enhanced sperm quality and had a strong protective effect on the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity during storage. BTS containing 50 μM rosiglitazone maintained the total motility of liquid-preserved sperm above 60% for 7 days. Rosiglitazone improved sperm quality by regulating energy metabolism manner of preserved sperm, protected the sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced sperm ATP production and in the meanwhile reduced mROS through enhancing glycolysis but not oxidative phosphorylation. The data suggested the practical feasibility of using rosiglitazone for improving boar spermatozoa quality during semen preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan-Huan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shun-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang-Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shun-Li Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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7
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Motiani P, Teuho J, Saari T, Virtanen KA, Honkala SM, Middelbeek RJ, Goodyear LJ, Eskola O, Andersson J, Löyttyniemi E, Hannukainen JC, Nuutila P. Exercise training alters lipoprotein particles independent of brown adipose tissue metabolic activity. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:258-272. [PMID: 31275600 PMCID: PMC6587322 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction New strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance in humans are needed. Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) can stimulate energy expenditure and may be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, whether exercise training is an efficient stimulus to activate and recruit BAT remains to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate whether regular exercise training affects cold‐stimulated BAT metabolism and, if so, whether this was associated with changes in plasma metabolites. Methods Healthy sedentary men (n = 11; aged 31 [SD 7] years; body mass index 23 [0.9] kg m−2; VO2 max 39 [7.6] mL min−1 kg−1) participated in a 6‐week exercise training intervention. Fasting BAT and neck muscle glucose uptake (GU) were measured using quantitative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging three times: (1) before training at room temperature and (2) before and (3) after the training period during cold stimulation. Cervico‐thoracic BAT mass was measured using MRI signal fat fraction maps. Plasma metabolites were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Cold exposure increased supraclavicular BAT GU by threefold (p < 0.001), energy expenditure by 59% (p < 0.001) and plasma fatty acids (p < 0.01). Exercise training had no effect on cold‐induced GU in BAT or neck muscles. Training increased aerobic capacity (p = 0.01) and decreased visceral fat (p = 0.02) and cervico‐thoracic BAT mass (p = 0.003). Additionally, training decreased very low‐density lipoprotein particle size (p = 0.04), triglycerides within chylomicrons (p = 0.04) and small high‐density lipoprotein (p = 0.04). Conclusions Although exercise training plays an important role for metabolic health, its beneficial effects on whole body metabolism through physiological adaptations seem to be independent of BAT activation in young, sedentary men.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Motiani
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Teuho
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Medical Physics Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - T Saari
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - K A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland (UEF) Kuopio Finland
| | - S M Honkala
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - R J Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - L J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - O Eskola
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Andersson
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - E Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - P Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku PET Centre Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
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8
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Xian T, Gan Y, Lu Y, Wang M, Yuan W, Zhou Y, Chen J, Wang K, Xiong S, Huang Q. Ameliorative effects of indomethacin at different concentrations on endothelial insulin resistance through two distinct pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1161-1168. [PMID: 30119183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin (IDMT), a non-selective inhibitor of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays important roles in anti-inflammation and analgesia and it is commonly used to treat the patients with rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis. Besides, various literatures reported that IDMT is a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Rosiglitazone (RSG), an insulin-sensitizer, is also a synthetic ligand and applied clinically to cure the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, up to date little is known about whether IDMT ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance (IR). Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of IDMT on endothelial IR and its underlying mechanism. Our present results showed that IDMT improved the endothelial IR induced by high glucose and fat concentration (HG/HF) in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, we further identified that 0.25 mM of IDMT noticeably induced the expression levels of PPARγ, AKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but failed to notably reverse the increases in expression levels of COX-2, inhibitory κB kinase (IKK) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) induced by HG/HF; whereas 1.0 mM of IDMT exerted opposite effects compared with 0.25 mM of IDMT. Therefore, we conclude that IDMT ameliorates the endothelial IR induced by HG/HF through two distinct pathways, i.e., a lower concentration of IDMT through a PPARγ-AKT-eNOS pathway while a higher concentration mainly via an IKK-COX-2/TNFα pathway. The findings might provide a novel clinical use for IDMT to cure IR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Junye Chen
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Xiong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
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9
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Wu T, Qiao S, Shi C, Wang S, Ji G. Metabolomics window into diabetic complications. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:244-255. [PMID: 28779528 PMCID: PMC5835462 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major global health problem. The elucidation of characteristic metabolic alterations during the diabetic progression is critical for better understanding its pathogenesis, and identifying potential biomarkers and drug targets. Metabolomics is a promising tool to reveal the metabolic changes and the underlying mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The present review provides an update on the application of metabolomics in diabetic complications, including diabetic coronary artery disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, and this review provides notes on the prevention and prediction of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems BiologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Digestive DiseaseLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuxuan Qiao
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chenze Shi
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuya Wang
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive DiseaseLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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10
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Zhong CB, Chen X, Zhou XY, Wang XB. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Mediating Cardioprotection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 23:46-56. [PMID: 28466688 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417707049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although advances have been made in restoring myocardial perfusion in ischemic areas, decreases in cardiomyocyte death and infarct size are still limited, attributing to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is necessary to develop therapies to restrict myocardial I/R injury and protect cardiomyocytes against further damage after MI. Many studies have suggested that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a ligand-inducible nuclear receptor that predominantly regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating myocardial I/R injury. Thus, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in cardioprotection during myocardial I/R. The cardioprotective effects of PPARγ, including attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of PPARγ, such as regulating the expression of target genes, influencing other transcription factors, and modulating kinase signaling pathways, are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Bin Zhong
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Yue Zhou
- 1 The Second Clinical Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bao Wang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Circulating Docosahexaenoic Acid Associates with Insulin-Dependent Skeletal Muscle and Whole Body Glucose Uptake in Older Women Born from Normal Weight Mothers. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020110. [PMID: 28165405 PMCID: PMC5331541 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity among pregnant women is common, and their offspring are predisposed to obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The circulating metabolites that are related to insulin resistance and are associated with this decreased tissue-specific uptake are unknown. Here, we assessed metabolite profiles in elderly women who were either female offspring from obese mothers (OOM) or offspring of lean mothers (OLM). Metabolic changes were tested for associations with metrics for insulin resistance. METHODS Thirty-seven elderly women were separated into elderly offspring from obese mothers (OOM; n = 17) and elderly offspring from lean/normal weight mothers (OLM; n = 20) groups. We measured plasma metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and insulin-dependent tissue-specific glucose uptake in skeletal muscle was assessed. Associations were made between metabolites and glucose uptake. RESULTS Compared to the OLM group, we found that the docosahexaenoic acid percentage of the total long-chain n-3 fatty acids (DHA/FA) was significantly lower in OOM (p = 0.015). DHA/FA associated significantly with skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU) (p = 0.031) and the metabolizable glucose value derived from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique (M-value) in the OLM group only (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS DHA/FA is associated with insulin-dependent skeletal muscle glucose uptake and this association is significantly weakened in the offspring of obese mothers.
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12
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Rankin NJ, Preiss D, Welsh P, Sattar N. Applying metabolomics to cardiometabolic intervention studies and trials: past experiences and a roadmap for the future. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1351-1371. [PMID: 27789671 PMCID: PMC5100629 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics are emerging methods for detailed phenotyping of small molecules in samples. It is hoped that such data will: (i) enhance baseline prediction of patient response to pharmacotherapies (beneficial or adverse); (ii) reveal changes in metabolites shortly after initiation of therapy that may predict patient response, including adverse effects, before routine biomarkers are altered; and( iii) give new insights into mechanisms of drug action, particularly where the results of a trial of a new agent were unexpected, and thus help future drug development. In these ways, metabolomics could enhance research findings from intervention studies. This narrative review provides an overview of metabolomics and lipidomics in early clinical intervention studies for investigation of mechanisms of drug action and prediction of drug response (both desired and undesired). We highlight early examples from drug intervention studies associated with cardiometabolic disease. Despite the strengths of such studies, particularly the use of state-of-the-art technologies and advanced statistical methods, currently published studies in the metabolomics arena are largely underpowered and should be considered as hypothesis-generating. In order for metabolomics to meaningfully improve stratified medicine approaches to patient treatment, there is a need for higher quality studies, with better exploitation of biobanks from randomized clinical trials i.e. with large sample size, adjudicated outcomes, standardized procedures, validation cohorts, comparison witth routine biochemistry and both active and control/placebo arms. On the basis of this review, and based on our research experience using clinically established biomarkers, we propose steps to more speedily advance this area of research towards potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Rankin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Preiss
- Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre
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13
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Qin Y, Liu L, Wan J, Zou L, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Mi M. Ampelopsin Improves Insulin Resistance by Activating PPARγ and Subsequently Up-Regulating FGF21-AMPK Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159191. [PMID: 27391974 PMCID: PMC4938387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampelopsin (APL), a major bioactive constituent of Ampelopsis grossedentata, exerts a number of biological effects. Here, we explored the anti-diabetic activity of APL and elucidate the underlying mechanism of this action. In palmitate-induced insulin resistance of L6 myotubes, APL treatment markedly up- regulated phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and protein kinase B, along with a corresponding increase of glucose uptake capacity. APL treatment also increased expressions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) and phosphorylated adenosine 5’-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), however inhibiting AMPK by Compound C or AMPK siRNA, or blockage of FGF21 by FGF21 siRNA, obviously weakened APL -induced increases of FGF21 and p-AMPK as well as glucose uptake capacity in palmitate -pretreated L6 myotubes. Furthermore, APL could activate PPAR γ resulting in increases of glucose uptake capacity and expressions of FGF21 and p-AMPK in palmitate -pretreated L6 myotubes, whereas all those effects were obviously abolished by addition of GW9662, a specific inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor –γ (PPARγ), and PPARγsiRNA. Using molecular modeling and the luciferase reporter assays, we observed that APL could dock with the catalytic domain of PPARγ and dose-dependently up-regulate PPARγ activity. In summary, APL maybe a potential agonist of PPARγ and promotes insulin sensitization by activating PPARγ and subsequently regulating FGF21- AMPK signaling pathway. These results provide new insights into the protective health effects of APL, especially for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingyun Zou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qianyong Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Medical Nutrition, Chongqing, 400038, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
With a global prevalence of 9%, diabetes is the direct cause of millions of deaths each year and is quickly becoming a health crisis. Major long-term complications of diabetes arise from persistent oxidative stress and dysfunction in multiple metabolic pathways. The most serious complications involve vascular damage and include cardiovascular disease as well as microvascular disorders such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Current clinical analyses like glycated hemoglobin and plasma glucose measurements hold some value as prognostic indicators of the severity of complications, but investigations into the underlying pathophysiology are still lacking. Advancements in biotechnology hold the key to uncovering new pathways and establishing therapeutic targets. Metabolomics, the study of small endogenous molecules, is a powerful toolset for studying pathophysiological processes and has been used to elucidate metabolic signatures of diabetes in various biological systems. Current challenges in the field involve correlating these biomarkers to specific complications to provide a better prediction of future risk and disease progression. This review will highlight the progress that has been made in the field of metabolomics including technological advancements, the identification of potential biomarkers, and metabolic pathways relevant to macro- and microvascular diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Filla
- Saint Louis University Department of Chemistry, 3501 Laclede Ave. St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
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15
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Iglesias J, Morales L, Barreto GE. Metabolic and Inflammatory Adaptation of Reactive Astrocytes: Role of PPARs. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2518-2538. [PMID: 26984740 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte-mediated inflammation is associated with degenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis. The acute inflammation and morphological and metabolic changes that astrocytes develop after the insult are known as reactive astroglia or astrogliosis that is an important response to protect and repair the lesion. Astrocytes optimize their metabolism to produce lactate, glutamate, and ketone bodies in order to provide energy to the neurons that are deprived of nutrients upon insult. Firstly, we review the basis of inflammation and morphological changes of the different cell population implicated in reactive gliosis. Next, we discuss the more active metabolic pathways in healthy astrocytes and explain the metabolic response of astrocytes to the insult in different pathologies and which metabolic alterations generate complications in these diseases. We emphasize the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors isotypes in the inflammatory and metabolic adaptation of astrogliosis developed in ischemia or neurodegenerative diseases. Based on results reported in astrocytes and other cells, we resume and hypothesize the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation with ligands on different metabolic pathways in order to supply energy to the neurons. The activation of selective PPAR isotype activity may serve as an input to better understand the role played by these receptors on the metabolic and inflammatory compensation of astrogliosis and might represent an opportunity to develop new therapeutic strategies against traumatic brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Iglesias
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
| | - Ludis Morales
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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16
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Deidda M, Piras C, Bassareo PP, Cadeddu Dessalvi C, Mercuro G. Metabolomics, a promising approach to translational research in cardiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Shao M, Huang C, Li Z, Yang H, Feng Q. Effects of glutamine and valsartan on the brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide of patients with chronic heart failure. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:82-6. [PMID: 25878619 PMCID: PMC4386162 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.311.6302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of glutamine and valsartan on the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS A total of 140 CHF patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group by random drawing, and were subjected to standard anti-heart failure treatment and administered with valsartan. Besides, the treatment group was also intravenously transfused glutamine. The treatment lasted eight weeks. RESULTS The overall efficacy of treatment group and control group were 98.6% and 90.0% respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The two groups had significantly increased left ventricular ejection fractions as well as significantly decreased left ventricular end-diastolic volumes and left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions after treatments (P<0.05) compared with those before. There were also inter-group differences between these values (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of BNP, NT-proBNP and CD8(+) in both groups significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas those of CD4(+) significantly increased (P<0.05). The two groups also had significantly different values (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Glutamine in combination with valsartan enhanced the therapeutic effects by improving cardiac function, which may be associated with decreased expressions of BNP and NT-proBNP and beneficial effects of glutamine on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Shao
- Dr. Mingliang Shao, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Dr. Congxin Huang, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Dr. Zhen Li, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Xuancheng City, Xuancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Dr. Hui Yang, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Xuancheng City, Xuancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifan Feng
- Dr. Qifan Feng, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Xuancheng City, Xuancheng, People's Republic of China
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18
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Rankin NJ, Preiss D, Welsh P, Burgess KEV, Nelson SM, Lawlor DA, Sattar N. The emergence of proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in the cardiovascular arena as viewed from a clinical perspective. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:287-300. [PMID: 25299963 PMCID: PMC4232363 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to phenotype metabolic profiles in serum has increased substantially in recent years with the advent of metabolomics. Metabolomics is the study of the metabolome, defined as those molecules with an atomic mass less than 1.5 kDa. There are two main metabolomics methods: mass spectrometry (MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, each with its respective benefits and limitations. MS has greater sensitivity and so can detect many more metabolites. However, its cost (especially when heavy labelled internal standards are required for absolute quantitation) and quality control is sub-optimal for large cohorts. 1H NMR is less sensitive but sample preparation is generally faster and analysis times shorter, resulting in markedly lower analysis costs. 1H NMR is robust, reproducible and can provide absolute quantitation of many metabolites. Of particular relevance to cardio-metabolic disease is the ability of 1H NMR to provide detailed quantitative data on amino acids, fatty acids and other metabolites as well as lipoprotein subparticle concentrations and size. Early epidemiological studies suggest promise, however, this is an emerging field and more data is required before we can determine the clinical utility of these measures to improve disease prediction and treatment. This review describes the theoretical basis of 1H NMR; compares MS and 1H NMR and provides a tabular overview of recent 1H NMR-based research findings in the atherosclerosis field, describing the design and scope of studies conducted to date. 1H NMR metabolomics-CVD related research is emerging, however further large, robustly conducted prospective, genetic and intervention studies are needed to advance research on CVD risk prediction and to identify causal pathways amenable to intervention. 1H NMR metabolomics is being increasingly applied to large cohort studies. Studies have identified potentially novel lipoprotein and metabolite predictors for CVD. Potential exists for the use of metabolomics in cardiovascular clinical practice. Current findings are too preliminary to translate into clinical recommendations. Further large scale studies are now needed to advance the field in a robust manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Rankin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK; Glasgow Polyomics, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - David Preiss
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Karl E V Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Scott M Nelson
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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