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Yang H, Chen Y, Wang Z, Huang Y, Ma Z, Zou Y, Dong J, Zhang H, Huo M, Lv M, Liu X, Zhang G, Wang S, Yang K, Zhong P, Jiang B, Kou Y, Chen Z. Dexmedetomidine affects the NOX4/Nrf2 pathway to improve renal antioxidant capacity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae044. [PMID: 38625054 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on renal injury caused by acute stress in rats and explore the protective pathways of DEX on rat kidneys in terms of oxidative stress. METHODS An acute restraint stress model was utilized, where rats were restrained for 3 hours after a 15-minute swim. Biochemical tests and histopathological sections were conducted to evaluate renal function, along with the measurement of oxidative stress and related pathway proteins. KEY FINDINGS The open-field experiments validated the successful establishment of the acute stress model. Acute stress-induced renal injury led to increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) protein expression and decreased expression levels of nuclear transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Following DEX treatment, there was a significant reduction in renal NOX4 expression. The DEX-treated group exhibited normalized renal biochemical results and less damage observed in pathological sections compared to the acute stress group. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that DEX treatment during acute stress can impact the NOX4/Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway and inhibit oxidative stress, thereby preventing acute stress-induced kidney injury. Additionally, DEX shows promise for clinical applications in stress syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Yue Zou
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Mingdong Huo
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Mingzhe Lv
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Botao Jiang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Yuhong Kou
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy Agriculturalof Science, Haerbin,150086, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
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Grisk O. The sympathetic nervous system in acute kidney injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13404. [PMID: 31610091 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently accompanied by activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This may result from pre-exisiting chronic diseases associated with sympathetic activation prior to AKI or it may be induced by stressors that ultimately lead to AKI such as endotoxins and arterial hypotension in circulatory shock. Conversely, sympathetic activation may also result from acute renal injury. Focusing on studies in experimental renal ischaemia and reperfusion (IR), this review summarizes the current knowledge on how the SNS is activated in IR-induced AKI and on the consequences of sympathetic activation for the development of acute renal damage. Experimental studies show beneficial effects of sympathoinhibitory interventions on renal structure and function in response to IR. However, few clinical trials obtained in scenarios that correspond to experimental IR, namely major elective surgery, showed that peri-operative treatment with centrally acting sympatholytics reduced the incidence of AKI. Apparently, discrepant findings on how sympathetic activation influences renal responses to acute IR-induced injury are discussed and future areas of research in this field are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
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A Clinically Relevant Functional Model of Type-2 Cardio-Renal Syndrome with Paraventricular Changes consequent to Chronic Ischaemic Heart Failure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1261. [PMID: 31988300 PMCID: PMC6985167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome, de novo renal pathology arising secondary to cardiac insufficiency, is clinically recognised but poorly characterised. This study establishes and characterises a valid model representative of Type 2 cardiorenal syndrome. Extensive permanent left ventricular infarction, induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in Lewis rats, was confirmed by plasma cardiac troponin I, histology and cardiac haemodynamics. Renal function and morphology was assessed 90-days post-ligation when heart failure had developed. The involvement of the paraventricular nucleus was investigated using markers of inflammation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and of angiotensin II involvement. An extensive left ventricular infarct was confirmed following coronary artery ligation, resulting in increased left ventricular weight and compromised left ventricular diastolic function and developed pressure. Glomerular filtration was significantly decreased, fractional excretion of sodium and caspase activities were increased and basement membrane thickening, indicating glomerulosclerosis, was evident. Interestingly, angiotensin II receptor I expression and reactive oxygen species levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus remained significantly increased at 90-days post-coronary artery ligation, suggesting that these hypothalamic changes may represent a novel, valuable pharmacological target. This model provides conclusive morphological, biochemical and functional evidence of renal injury consequent to heart failure, truly representative of Type-2 cardiorenal syndrome.
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The role of renal sympathetic nerves in ischemia reperfusion injury. Auton Neurosci 2017; 204:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Assessment of glomerular filtration rate based on alterations of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with amlodipine/benazepril or valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:780743. [PMID: 25918454 PMCID: PMC4397057 DOI: 10.1155/2015/780743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with sympathetic activation. However, the effects of BDNF on diabetic nephropathy are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) and changes in serum BDNF levels in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with antihypertensive medications. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, type 2 diabetic subjects with hypertension were assigned to either the benazepril/amlodipine or valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide treatment groups for a 16-week period. The post hoc analyses were based on increased or decreased serum BDNF levels. RESULTS Of the 153 enrolled subjects, the changes in eGFR were significantly and inversely correlated with those in BDNF in the 76 subjects treated with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (r = -0.264, P = 0.021) but not in the 77 subjects treated with benazepril/amlodipine (r = -0.025, P = 0.862). The 45 subjects with increased BDNF following valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide treatment exhibited a significantly reduced eGFR (-8.8 ± 14.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increased serum BDNF represents an independent factor for reduced eGFR (95% confidence interval between -0.887 and -0.076, P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Increased serum BDNF is associated with reduced eGFR in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide but not with amlodipine/benazepril.
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Tuuminen R, Nykänen AI, Saharinen P, Gautam P, Keränen MAI, Arnaudova R, Rouvinen E, Helin H, Tammi R, Rilla K, Krebs R, Lemström KB. Donor simvastatin treatment prevents ischemia-reperfusion and acute kidney injury by preserving microvascular barrier function. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2019-34. [PMID: 23773358 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after kidney transplantation may result in delayed graft function. We used rat renal artery clamping and transplantation models to investigate cholesterol-independent effects of clinically relevant single-dose peroral simvastatin treatment 2 h before renal ischemia on microvascular injury. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase was abundant in glomerular and peritubular microvasculature of normal kidneys. In renal artery clamping model with 30-min warm ischemia, simvastatin treatment prevented peritubular microvascular permeability and perfusion disturbances, glomerular barrier disruption, tubular dysfunction and acute kidney injury. In fully MHC-mismatched kidney allografts with 16-h cold and 1-h warm ischemia, donor simvastatin treatment increased the expression of flow-regulated transcription factor KLF2 and vasculoprotective eNOS and HO-1, and preserved glomerular and peritubular capillary barrier integrity during preservation. In vitro EC Weibel-Palade body exocytosis assays showed that simvastatin inhibited ischemia-induced release of vasoactive angiopoietin-2 and endothelin-1. After reperfusion, donor simvastatin treatment prevented microvascular permeability, danger-associated ligand hyaluronan induction, tubulointerstitial injury marker Kim-1 immunoreactivity and serum creatinine and NGAL levels, and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In conclusion, donor simvastatin treatment prevented renal microvascular dysfunction and IRI with beneficial effects on adaptive immune and early fibroproliferative responses. Further studies may determine potential benefits in clinical cadaveric kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tuuminen
- Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Yam MF, Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Khan MAH, Johns EJ. Renal sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity in early streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease. Neurourol Urodyn 2011; 30:438-46. [PMID: 21284025 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM We assessed the role of renal sympathetic nervous system in the deterioration of renal hemodynamic and excretory functions in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced with diabetes mellitus (DM) using STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). The acute studies were conducted on denervated anesthetized rats 7 days after STZ administration. Two sets of experiments were performed: clearance experiments in which six 20-min urine and plasma collections were carried out to measure kidney function parameters, and hemodynamic experiments in which the renal nerves were electrically stimulated and responses in renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were recorded. RESULTS Renal denervation in STZ-induced diabetic rats produced higher fractional excretion of sodium (FE(Na) ) but lower plasma sodium (P(Na) ), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and plasma creatinine (P(Cr) ) (all P<0.05 vs. innervated diabetic rats). In innervated diabetic rats, renal nerve stimulation (RNS) caused significant attenuation in the renal vasoconstrictor responses (all P<0.05 vs. innervated control). Renal denervation in diabetic rats significantly blunted these responses (all P<0.05 vs. innervated diabetic rats); however, they were significantly higher (all P<0.05) while compared to denervated control counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate an early role for the renal sympathetic innervation in the pathogenesis of DKD. If the kidney is prevented from renal sympathetic nerve action renal functional parameters are markedly improved. The data further suggest an early enhancement in renal sensitivity to intrarenal norepinephrine (NE) upon the removal of renal sympathetic tone in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Salman
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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