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O'Connell P, Blake MK, Godbehere S, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAMF7 modulates B cells and adaptive immunity to regulate susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:241. [PMID: 36199066 PMCID: PMC9533612 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, debilitating condition characterized by CNS autoimmunity stemming from a complex etiology involving both environmental and genetic factors. Our current understanding of MS points to dysregulation of the immune system as the pathogenic culprit, however, it remains unknown as to how the many genes associated with increased susceptibility to MS are involved. One such gene linked to MS susceptibility and known to regulate immune function is the self-ligand immune cell receptor SLAMF7. Methods We subjected WT and SLAMF7−/− mice to multiple EAE models, compared disease severity, and comprehensively profiled the CNS immune landscape of these mice. We identified all SLAMF7-expressing CNS immune cells and compared the entire CNS immune niche between genotypes. We performed deep phenotyping and in vitro functional studies of B and T cells via spectral cytometry and BioPlex assays. Adoptive transfer studies involving the transfer of WT and SLAMF7−/− B cells into B cell-deficient mice (μMT) were also performed. Finally, B–T cell co-culture studies were performed, and a comparative cell–cell interaction network derived from scRNA-seq data of SLAMF7+ vs. SLAMF7− human CSF immune cells was constructed. Results We found SLAMF7−/− mice to be more susceptible to EAE compared to WT mice and found SLAMF7 to be expressed on numerous CNS immune cell subsets. Absence of SLAMF7 did not grossly alter the CNS immune landscape, but allowed for altered immune cell subset infiltration during EAE in a model-dependent manner. Global lack of SLAMF7 expression increased myeloid cell activation states along with augmented T cell anti-MOG immunity. B cell profiling studies revealed increased activation states of specific plasma and B cell subsets in SLAMF7−/− mice during EAE, and functional co-culture studies determined that SLAMF7−/− B cells induce exaggerated T cell activation. Adoptive transfer studies revealed that the increased susceptibility of SLAMF7−/− mice to EAE is partly B cell dependent and reconstruction of the human CSF SLAMF7-interactome found B cells to be critical to cell–cell communication between SLAMF7-expressing cells. Conclusions Our studies have identified novel roles for SLAMF7 in CNS immune regulation and B cell function, and illuminate underpinnings of the genetic association between SLAMF7 and MS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02594-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4108 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Tolentino M, Cho CC, Lyons JA. Photobiomodulation Modulates Interleukin-10 and Interferon Gamma Production by Mononuclear Cells from Healthy Donors and Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:234-244. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tolentino
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chi C. Cho
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeri-Anne Lyons
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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O'Connell P, Blake MK, Godbehere S, Aldhamen YA, Amalfitano A. Absence of ERAP1 in B Cells Increases Susceptibility to Central Nervous System Autoimmunity, Alters B Cell Biology, and Mechanistically Explains Genetic Associations between ERAP1 and Multiple Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2952-2965. [PMID: 34810226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of genes have been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS); yet, the underlying mechanisms behind these associations have only been investigated in a fraction of cases. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized aminopeptidase with important roles in trimming peptides destined for MHC class I and regulation of innate immune responses. As such, genetic polymorphisms in ERAP1 have been linked to multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we present, to our knowledge, the first mechanistic studies performed to uncover why polymorphisms in ERAP1 are associated with increased susceptibility to MS. Combining multiple mouse models of CNS autoimmunity with high-dimensional single-cell spectral cytometry, adoptive transfer studies, and integrative analysis of human single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, we identify an intrinsic defect in B cells as being primarily responsible. Not only are mice lacking ERAP1 more susceptible to CNS autoimmunity, but adoptive transfer of B cells lacking ERAP1 into B cell-deficient mice recapitulates this susceptibility. We found B cells lacking ERAP1 display decreased proliferation in vivo and express higher levels of activation/costimulatory markers. Integrative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing of B cells from 36 individuals revealed subset-conserved differences in gene expression and pathway activation in individuals harboring the MS-linked K528R ERAP1 single-nucleotide polymorphism. Finally, our studies also led us to create, to our knowledge, the first murine protein-level map of the CNS IL-10+ immune compartment at steady state and during neuroinflammation. These studies identify a role for ERAP1 in the modulation of B cells and highlight this as one reason why polymorphisms in this gene are linked to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Maja K Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Yasser A Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Orian JM, D'Souza CS, Kocovski P, Krippner G, Hale MW, Wang X, Peter K. Platelets in Multiple Sclerosis: Early and Central Mediators of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration and Attractive Targets for Molecular Imaging and Site-Directed Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620963. [PMID: 33679764 PMCID: PMC7933211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are clearly central to thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, more recently, evidence has emerged for non-hemostatic roles of platelets including inflammatory and immune reactions/responses. Platelets express immunologically relevant ligands and receptors, demonstrate adhesive interactions with endothelial cells, monocytes and neutrophils, and toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated responses. These properties make platelets central to innate and adaptive immunity and potential candidate key mediators of autoimmune disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease. An association between platelets and MS was first indicated by the increased adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells. This was followed by reports identifying structural and functional changes of platelets, their chronic activation in the peripheral blood of MS patients, platelet presence in MS lesions and the more recent revelation that these structural and functional abnormalities are associated with all MS forms and stages. Investigations based on the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model first revealed a contribution to EAE pathogenesis by exacerbation of CNS inflammation and an early role for platelets in EAE development via platelet-neuron and platelet-astrocyte associations, through sialated gangliosides in lipid rafts. Our own studies refined and extended these findings by identifying the critical timing of platelet accumulation in pre-clinical EAE and establishing an initiating and central rather than merely exacerbating role for platelets in disease development. Furthermore, we demonstrated platelet-neuron associations in EAE, coincident with behavioral changes, but preceding the earliest detectable autoreactive T cell accumulation. In combination, these findings establish a new paradigm by asserting that platelets play a neurodegenerative as well as a neuroinflammatory role in MS and therefore, that these two pathological processes are causally linked. This review will discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of MS, for future applications for imaging toward early detection of MS, and for novel strategies for platelet-targeted treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Orian
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claretta S D'Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pece Kocovski
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guy Krippner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Buonvicino D, Ranieri G, Pratesi S, Guasti D, Chiarugi A. Neuroimmunological characterization of a mouse model of primary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and effects of immunosuppressive or neuroprotective strategies on disease evolution. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113065. [PMID: 31536728 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a devastating disorder sustained by neuroimmune interactions still wait to be identified. Recently, immune-independent, neural bioenergetic derangements have been hypothesized as causative of neurodegeneration in PMS patients. To gather information on the immune and neurodegenerative components during PMS, in the present study we investigated the molecular and cellular events occurring in a Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In these mice, we also evaluated the effects of clinically-relevant immunosuppressive (dexamethasone) or bioenergetic drugs (bezafibrate and biotin) on functional, immune and neuropathological parameters. We found that immunized NOD mice progressively accumulated disability and severe neurodegeneration in the spinal cord. Unexpectedly, although CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes but not B or NK cells infiltrate the spinal cord linearly with time, their suppression by different dexamethasone treatment schedules did not affect disease progression. Also, the spreading of the autoimmune response towards additional immunogenic myelin antigen occurred neither in the periphery nor in the CNS of EAE mice. Conversely, we found that altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced contents of mtDNA and decreased transcript levels for respiratory complex subunits occurred at early disease stages and preceded axonal degeneration within spinal cord columns. However, the mitochondria boosting drugs, bezafibrate and biotin, were unable to reduce disability progression. Data suggest that EAE NOD mice recapitulate some features of PMS. Also, by showing that bezafibrate or biotin do not affect progression in NOD mice, our study suggests that this model can be harnessed to anticipate experimental information of relevance to innovative treatments of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Centre of Immunological Research DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Soluble CD40 ligand disrupts the blood-brain barrier and exacerbates inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 316:117-120. [PMID: 29329699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) has been reported to positively correlate with the albumin quotient, a marker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To clarify the mechanisms of sCD40L in MS pathophysiology, sCD40L was administered to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice and a human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC)-based BBB model. The high-dose sCD40L group showed a worse EAE score than the low-dose and control groups. BBB permeability was increased by administering sCD40L in a HBMEC-based BBB model. Thus, sCD40L induces more severe inflammation in the central nervous system by disrupting the BBB.
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Lyons JA, Riter MM, Almatrook AM, Ramsbottom MJ, Cross AH. Amelioration of EAE by a cryptic epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 300:66-73. [PMID: 27423965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated that EAE induced by recombinant human MOG was B cell-dependent. Data presented here reveal a T cell response to MOG61-85 in human rMOG-immunized B cell-/- mice not observed in WT mice. Further study revealed this peptide to be a cryptic epitope in WT mice. Co-immunization of B cell-/- mice with MOG35-55 and MOG61-85 peptides led to less severe disease compared to mice immunized with MOG35-55 alone. Disease amelioration was associated with decreased production of Interferon-γ by lymph node cells. Thus, MOG61-85 represents a protective epitope to human rMOG induced EAE in B cell-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri A Lyons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA 63110.
| | - Melissa M Riter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Alaa M Almatrook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Michael J Ramsbottom
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA 63110
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA 63110
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Shetty S, Ahmed AR. Preliminary analysis of mortality associated with rituximab use in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2013; 46:487-96. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.838563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Benkhoucha M, Molnarfi N, Santiago-Raber ML, Weber MS, Merkler D, Collin M, Lalive PH. IgG glycan hydrolysis by EndoS inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:209. [PMID: 22943418 PMCID: PMC3458989 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, have shown that B cells markedly influence the course of the disease, although whether their effects are protective or pathological is a matter of debate. EndoS hydrolysis of the IgG glycan has profound effects on IgG effector functions, such as complement activation and Fc receptor binding, suggesting that the enzyme could be used as an immunomodulatory therapeutic agent against IgG-mediated diseases. We demonstrate here that EndoS has a protective effect in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide amino acid 35–55 (MOG35-55)-induced EAE, a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in which humoral immune responses are thought to play only a minor role. EndoS treatment in chronic MOG35-55-EAE did not impair encephalitogenic T cell priming and recruitment into the CNS of mice, consistent with a primary role of EndoS in controlling IgG effector functions. In contrast, reduced EAE severity coincided with poor serum complement activation and deposition within the spinal cord, suggesting that EndoS treatment impairs B cell effector function. These results identify EndoS as a potential therapeutic agent against antibody-mediated CNS autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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