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Guo L, Luo L, Ju R, Chen C, Zhu L, Li J, Yu X, Ye C, Zhang D. Carboxyamidotriazole: a novel inhibitor of both cAMP-phosphodiesterases and cGMP-phosphodiesterases. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:14-21. [PMID: 25446933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) is a non-cytotoxic anti-tumor drug, which also shows considerable anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of animal models of inflammation. The exact target and mechanism of CAI were not clearly understood yet. In the present study, we demonstrate that CAI is a non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, which provides comprehensive inhibitions of both adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate specific PDE (cAMP-PDE) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate specific PDE (cGMP-PDE) isolated from rat brain, mouse pulmonary tissue, primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210) with moderate potencies (IC50≈0.5-30μM). The comprehensive elimination of PDE activities in living LLC cells by CAI results in accumulation of intracellular cAMP and cGMP, which can be visualized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cyclic nucleotide sensors. The stimulation by 30μM CAI yielded ~1.5-fold greater cGMP responses compared with 10μM sildenafil citrate, whereas the influence of 30μM CAI on cAMP levels was similar as that of 100μM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). The non-selective inhibitory effect of CAI on cAMP-PDE and cGMP-PDE increases the likelihood for CAI to affect the balance between the levels of intracellular cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP, then a variety of cellular signaling pathways that regulate cell functions and even related disease processes. When examining the widely proven anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities of CAI, it is important to affirm its comprehensive inhibitory effect on PDEs, which makes it superior to some selective PDE inhibitors in a way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lifeng Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Caiying Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Dechang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5, Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China.
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Alessandro R, Fontana S, Giordano M, Corrado C, Colomba P, Flugy AM, Santoro A, Kohn EC, De Leo G. Effects of carboxyamidotriazole on in vitro models of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:111-21. [PMID: 17924401 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although imatinib mesylate (IM) has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), some patients develop resistance with progression of leukemia. Alternative or additional targeting of signaling pathways deregulated in bcr-abl-driven CML cells may provide a feasible option for improving clinical response and overcoming resistance. In this study, we show that carboxyamidotriazole (CAI), an orally bioavailable calcium influx and signal transduction inhibitor, is equally effective in inhibiting the proliferation and bcr-abl dependent- and independent-signaling pathways in imatinib-resistant CML cells. CAI inhibits phosphorylation of cellular proteins including STAT5 and CrkL at concentrations that induce apoptosis in IM-resistant CML cells. The combination of imatinib and CAI also down-regulated bcr-abl protein levels. Since CAI is already available for clinical use, these results suggest that it may be an effective addition to the armamentarium of drugs for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Università di Palermo, Italy.
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Guo L, Li ZS, Wang HL, Ye CY, Zhang DC. Carboxyamido-triazole inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells via G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 538:15-22. [PMID: 16696967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), a voltage-independent calcium channel inhibitor, has been shown to be able to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that CAI significantly inhibits proliferation of cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) of approximately 26 microM. Reduced proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the presence of CAI correlated with accumulation of cells in G(2)/M phase and induction of apoptosis. A treatment of MCF-7 cells with 30 microM CAI caused a time-dependent decrease in the levels of proteins that regulate G(2)/M progression, including Cdk1, Cyclin B1, and Cdc25C. A simultaneous increase in the expression of p21 protein was observed. We also demonstrated a concurrent decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that the antitumor effect of CAI in MCF-7 cells is based on G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Espinosa E, Zamora P, Feliu J, González Barón M. Classification of anticancer drugs—a new system based on therapeutic targets. Cancer Treat Rev 2003; 29:515-23. [PMID: 14585261 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7372(03)00116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of a great number of new antineoplastic agents has made it necessary to reclassify all of them. Anticancer drugs may act at different levels: cancer cells, endothelium, extracellular matrix, the immune system or host cells. The tumour cell can be targeted at the DNA, RNA or protein level. Most classical chemotherapeutic agents interact with tumour DNA, whereas monoclonal antibodies and small molecules are directed against proteins. The endothelium and extracellular matrix may be affected also by specific antibodies and small molecules.
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