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An update on the molecular pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targeting of AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1);RUNX1-RUNX1T1. Blood Adv 2021; 4:229-238. [PMID: 31935293 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1);RUNX1-RUNX1T1, one of the core-binding factor leukemias, is one of the most common subtypes of AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities and is associated with a favorable outcome. The translocation leads to the formation of a pathological RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion that leads to the disruption of the normal function of the core-binding factor, namely, its role in hematopoietic differentiation and maturation. The consequences of this alteration include the recruitment of repressors of transcription, thus blocking the expression of genes involved in hematopoiesis, and impaired apoptosis. A number of concurrent and cooperating mutations clearly play a role in modulating the proliferative potential of cells, including mutations in KIT, FLT3, and possibly JAK2. RUNX1-RUNX1T1 also appears to interact with microRNAs during leukemogenesis. Epigenetic factors also play a role, especially with the recruitment of histone deacetylases. A better understanding of the concurrent mutations, activated pathways, and epigenetic modulation of the cellular processes paves the way for exploring a number of approaches to achieve cure. Potential approaches include the development of small molecules targeting the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 protein, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as dasatinib and FLT3 inhibitors to target mutations that lead to a proliferative advantage of the leukemic cells, and experimentation with epigenetic therapies. In this review, we unravel some of the recently described molecular pathways and explore potential therapeutic strategies.
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2
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Aitken MJL, Benton CB, Issa GC, Sasaki K, Yilmaz M, Short NJ. Two Cases of Possible Familial Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a Family with Extensive History of Cancer. Acta Haematol 2021; 144:585-590. [PMID: 33735874 DOI: 10.1159/000513925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CML is defined by the presence of an oncogenic fusion protein caused by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9q and 22q. While our molecular understanding of CML pathogenesis has revolutionized drug development for this disease, we have yet to identify many predisposing factors for CML. Familial occurrence of CML has been rarely reported. Here, we describe 2 cases of CML in a 24-year-old woman and in her 73-year-old maternal great aunt. We describe genetic variants in these patients and report on their environmental exposures that may have contributed to CML pathogenesis. The possible familial association of these 2 cases of CML warrants further investigation into more definitive etiologies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa J L Aitken
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher B Benton
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Musa Yilmaz
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,
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Clayton EA, Wang L, Rishishwar L, Wang J, McDonald JF, Jordan IK. Patterns of Transposable Element Expression and Insertion in Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:76. [PMID: 27900322 PMCID: PMC5110550 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human transposable element (TE) activity in somatic tissues causes mutations that can contribute to tumorigenesis. Indeed, TE insertion mutations have been implicated in the etiology of a number of different cancer types. Nevertheless, the full extent of somatic TE activity, along with its relationship to tumorigenesis, have yet to be fully explored. Recent developments in bioinformatics software make it possible to analyze TE expression levels and TE insertional activity directly from transcriptome (RNA-seq) and whole genome (DNA-seq) next-generation sequence data. We applied these new sequence analysis techniques to matched normal and primary tumor patient samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) in order to analyze the patterns of TE expression and insertion for three cancer types: breast invasive carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. Our analysis focused on the three most abundant families of active human TEs: Alu, SVA, and L1. We found evidence for high levels of somatic TE activity for these three families in normal and cancer samples across diverse tissue types. Abundant transcripts for all three TE families were detected in both normal and cancer tissues along with an average of ~80 unique TE insertions per individual patient/tissue. We observed an increase in L1 transcript expression and L1 insertional activity in primary tumor samples for all three cancer types. Tumor-specific TE insertions are enriched for private mutations, consistent with a potentially causal role in tumorigenesis. We used genome feature analysis to investigate two specific cases of putative cancer-causing TE mutations in further detail. An Alu insertion in an upstream enhancer of the CBL tumor suppressor gene is associated with down-regulation of the gene in a single breast cancer patient, and an L1 insertion in the first exon of the BAALC gene also disrupts its expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Our results are consistent with widespread somatic activity of human TEs leading to numerous insertion mutations that can contribute to tumorigenesis in a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Clayton
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA; Ovarian Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA; PanAmerican Bioinformatics InstituteCali, Colombia
| | - Lavanya Rishishwar
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA; PanAmerican Bioinformatics InstituteCali, Colombia; Applied Bioinformatics LaboratoryAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John F McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA; Ovarian Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - I King Jordan
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, USA; PanAmerican Bioinformatics InstituteCali, Colombia; Applied Bioinformatics LaboratoryAtlanta, GA, USA
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Goyama S, Schibler J, Gasilina A, Shrestha M, Lin S, Link KA, Chen J, Whitman SP, Bloomfield CD, Nicolet D, Assi SA, Ptasinska A, Heidenreich O, Bonifer C, Kitamura T, Nassar NN, Mulloy JC. UBASH3B/Sts-1-CBL axis regulates myeloid proliferation in human preleukemia induced by AML1-ETO. Leukemia 2015; 30:728-39. [PMID: 26449661 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The t(8;21) rearrangement, which creates the AML1-ETO fusion protein, represents the most common chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Clinical data suggest that CBL mutations are a frequent event in t(8;21) AML, but the role of CBL in AML1-ETO-induced leukemia has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that CBL mutations collaborate with AML1-ETO to expand human CD34+ cells both in vitro and in a xenograft model. CBL depletion by shRNA also promotes the growth of AML1-ETO cells, demonstrating the inhibitory function of endogenous CBL in t(8;21) AML. Mechanistically, loss of CBL function confers hyper-responsiveness to thrombopoietin and enhances STAT5/AKT/ERK/Src signaling in AML1-ETO cells. Interestingly, we found the protein tyrosine phosphatase UBASH3B/Sts-1, which is known to inhibit CBL function, is upregulated by AML1-ETO through transcriptional and miR-9-mediated regulation. UBASH3B/Sts-1 depletion induces an aberrant pattern of CBL phosphorylation and impairs proliferation in AML1-ETO cells. The growth inhibition caused by UBASH3B/Sts-1 depletion can be rescued by ectopic expression of CBL mutants, suggesting that UBASH3B/Sts-1 supports the growth of AML1-ETO cells partly through modulation of CBL function. Our study reveals a role of CBL in restricting myeloid proliferation of human AML1-ETO-induced leukemia, and identifies UBASH3B/Sts-1 as a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goyama
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Schibler
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Gasilina
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Shrestha
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Lin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K A Link
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S P Whitman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C D Bloomfield
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Nicolet
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Ptasinska
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - O Heidenreich
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N N Nassar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Peng X, Dong M, Ma L, Jia XE, Mao J, Jin C, Chen Y, Gao L, Liu X, Ma K, Wang L, Du T, Jin Y, Huang Q, Li K, Zon LI, Liu T, Deng M, Zhou Y, Xi X, Zhou Y, Chen S. A point mutation of zebrafish c-cbl gene in the ring finger domain produces a phenotype mimicking human myeloproliferative disease. Leukemia 2015; 29:2355-65. [PMID: 26104663 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are critical for vertebrate development and survival. These processes are tightly regulated by the transcription factors, signaling molecules and epigenetic factors. Impaired regulations of their function could result in hematological malignancies. Using a large-scale zebrafish N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis screening, we identified a line named LDD731, which presented significantly increased HSPCs in hematopoietic organs. Further analysis revealed that the cells of erythroid/myeloid lineages in definitive hematopoiesis were increased while the primitive hematopoiesis was not affected. The homozygous mutation was lethal with a median survival time around 14-15 days post fertilization. The causal mutation was located by positional cloning in the c-cbl gene, the human ortholog of which, c-CBL, is found frequently mutated in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) or acute leukemia. Sequence analysis showed the mutation in LDD731 caused a histidine-to-tyrosine substitution of the amino acid codon 382 within the RING finger domain of c-Cbl. Moreover, the myeloproliferative phenotype in zebrafish seemed dependent on the Flt3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) signaling, consistent with that observed in both mice and humans. Our study may shed new light on the pathogenesis of MPN and provide a useful in vivo vertebrate model of this syndrome for screening drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - M Dong
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-E Jia
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - C Jin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - L Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - K Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - T Du
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - K Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - L I Zon
- Stem Cell Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Hematology/Oncology Program at Children's Hospital and Dana Faber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Deng
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Stem Cell Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Hematology/Oncology Program at Children's Hospital and Dana Faber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
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