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A Peptide Aptamer Based Electrochemical Amperometric Sensor for Sensitive L-Glutamate Detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Barzkar N, Sohail M, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Nahavandi R, Khodadadi M. Marine microbial L-glutaminase: from pharmaceutical to food industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4453-4466. [PMID: 34043082 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deamination of L-glutamine to glutamic acid with the concomitant release of ammonia by the activity of L-glutaminase (L-glutamine amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.2) is a unique reaction that also finds potential applications in different sectors ranging from therapeutics to food industry. Owing to its cost-effectiveness, rapidity, and compatibility with downstream processes, microbial production of L-glutaminase is preferred over the production by other sources. Marine microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts, and moulds have manifested remarkable capacity to produce L-glutaminase and, therefore, are considered as prospective candidates for large-scale production of this enzyme. The main focus of this article is to provide an overview of L-glutaminase producing marine microorganisms, to discuss strategies used for the lab- and large-scale production of these enzyme and to review the application of L-glutaminase from marine sources so that the future prospects can be understood. KEY POINTS: • L-glutaminase has potential applications in different sectors ranging from therapeutics to food industry • Marine microorganisms are considered as prospective candidates for large-scale production of L-glutaminase • Marine microbial L-glutaminase have great potential in therapeutics and in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Nahavandi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojgan Khodadadi
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Binod P, Sindhu R, Madhavan A, Abraham A, Mathew AK, Beevi US, Sukumaran RK, Singh SP, Pandey A. Recent developments in l-glutaminase production and applications - An overview. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1766-1774. [PMID: 28549811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
l-glutaminases is an important industrial enzyme which finds potential applications in different sectors ranging from therapeutic to food industry. It is widely distributed in bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and fungi. l-Glutaminases are mostly produced by Bacillus and Pseudomonas sp. and few reports were available with fungal, actinomycete and yeast system. Modern biotechnological tools help in the improved production as well as with tailor made properties for specific applications. Most of the genetic engineering studies were carried out for the production of l-glutaminase with improved thermo-tolerance and salt tolerance. Considering the potential of in vitro applications of l-glutaminase, extracellular enzymes are important and most microbes produce this enzyme intracellularly. Several research and developmental activities are going on for the extracellular production of l-glutaminase. This review discusses recent trends and developments and applications of l-glutaminases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India; Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | - Amith Abraham
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Anil Kuruvilla Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ummalyma Sabeela Beevi
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India; Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795 001, India
| | - Rajeev K Sukumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali 160 071, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali 160 071, Punjab, India
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Mortensen A, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Di Domenico A, Dusemund B, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Leblanc JC, Lindtner O, Moldeus P, Mosesso P, Parent-Massin D, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Younes M, Boon P, Chrysafidis D, Gürtler R, Tobback P, Altieri A, Rincon AM, Lambré C. Re-evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04910. [PMID: 32625571 PMCID: PMC7009848 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) when used as food additives. Glutamate is absorbed in the intestine and it is presystemically metabolised in the gut wall. No adverse effects were observed in the available short-term, subchronic, chronic, reproductive and developmental studies. The only effect observed was increased kidney weight and increased spleen weight; however, the increase in organ weight was not accompanied by adverse histopathological findings and, therefore, the increase in organ weight was not considered as an adverse effect. The Panel considered that glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) did not raise concern with regards to genotoxicity. From a neurodevelopmental toxicity study, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg body weight (bw) per day could be identified. The Panel assessed the suitability of human data to be used for the derivation of a health-based guidance value. Although effects on humans were identified human data were not suitable due to the lack of dose-response data from which a dose without effect could be identified. Based on the NOAEL of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg bw per day from the neurodevelopmental toxicity study and applying the default uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as glutamic acid, for glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625). The Panel noted that the exposure to glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625) exceeded not only the proposed ADI, but also doses associated with adverse effects in humans for some population groups.
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Dalkıran B, Erden PE, Kılıç E. Graphene and tricobalt tetraoxide nanoparticles based biosensor for electrochemical glutamate sensing. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:340-348. [PMID: 26939621 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric biosensor based on tricobalt tetraoxide nanoparticles (Co3O4), graphene (GR), and chitosan (CS) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for sensitive determination of glutamate was fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy was implemented to characterize morphology of the nanocomposite. The biosensor showed optimum response within 25 s at pH 7.5 and 37 °C, at +0.70 V. The linear working range of biosensor for glutamate was from 4.0 × 10-6 to 6.0 × 10-4 M with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10-6 M and sensitivity of 0.73 μA/mM or 7.37 μA/mMcm2. The relatively low Michaelis-Menten constant (1.09 mM) suggested enhanced enzyme affinity to glutamate. The glutamate biosensor lost 45% of its initial activity after three weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Dalkıran
- a Department of Chemistry , Ankara University, Faculty of Science , Tandoğan , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Pınar Esra Erden
- a Department of Chemistry , Ankara University, Faculty of Science , Tandoğan , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Esma Kılıç
- a Department of Chemistry , Ankara University, Faculty of Science , Tandoğan , Ankara , Turkey
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Karahan M, Karakuş E, Bülbül D, Atacı N. Immobilization of glutaminase enzyme from Hypocria jecorina on polyacrylic acid: preparation and biochemical characterization. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:262-7. [PMID: 23802704 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.808646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
L-glutaminase enzyme produced from Hypocrea jecorina pure culture and polyacrylic acid (PAA) in the presence (Cu2+) ions were composed the ternary complex at pH 7. The properties of free and immobilized enzyme were defined. The effect of various factors such as pH, temperature, heat, and storage stability on immobilized enzyme were investigated. The properties of immobilized enzyme were investigated and compared to those of free enzyme. Optimum pH and temperature of both enzyme were determined to be 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. Kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme (Km and Vmax values) were also determined as 0.38 mM of the Km and 10.9 U/L of the Vmax. No drastic change was observed in the Km and Vmax values. Thermal and storage stability experiments were carried out. The thermal stability studies indicated that the immobilization process tends to stabilize the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Karahan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University , Uskudar-Istanbul , Turkey
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