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Krystallidou D, Kersbergen MJ, de Groot E, Fluit CRMG, Kuijer-Siebelink W, Mertens F, Oosterbaan-Lodder SCM, Scherpbier N, Versluis MAC, Pype P. Interprofessional education for healthcare professionals. A BEME realist review of what works, why, for whom and in what circumstances in undergraduate health sciences education: BEME Guide No. 83. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38513054 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2024.2314203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To provide an evidence-informed program theory (PT) for Interprofessional Education (IPE) that adds to the knowledge base of how IPE in undergraduate health sciences education works. METHODS We undertook a realist review of the literature and synthesis of the evidence combined with stakeholder experience. Our initial program theory (IPT), built around development, delivery and evaluation of IPE interventions, was tested and refined following an in-depth search of the literature and consultation with stakeholders. The literature (2010-2022) was selected based on the realist criteria of relevance and rigor, as well as on conceptual richness of the studies. RESULTS Our PT is built upon 124 CMOs (Context of IPE interventions, Mechanisms that fired within that context, and IPE Outcomes), from 58 studies. Our PT comprises an array of elements found in the Context, including traits and behavioral displays of students and facilitators, and discusses four Mechanisms (feeling responsible, feeling enthusiastic/excited, feeling safe to take risks, and feeling ready), which are likely to lead to outcomes related to the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (sub)competencies. DISCUSSION Results were linked to learning theories to further build our understanding. The PT can serve as a guide for the development, delivery, and evaluation of IPE interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Krystallidou
- School of Languages and Literature, Centre for Translation Studies, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Maria J Kersbergen
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School of Health Studies, Research group Organisation of Healthcare and Social Services, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther de Groot
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia R M G Fluit
- Health Academy, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Kuijer-Siebelink
- School of Education, Research on Responsive Vocational and Professional Education, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc Health Academy, Research on Learning and Education, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fien Mertens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Interprofessional Collaboration in Education, Research and Practice, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Nynke Scherpbier
- Department of Primary and Long-term Care, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco A C Versluis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pype
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Interprofessional Collaboration in Education, Research and Practice, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Gustavsson ME, von Schreeb J, Arnberg FK, Juth N. "Being prevented from providing good care: a conceptual analysis of moral stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic". BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:110. [PMID: 38071309 PMCID: PMC10710698 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) are susceptible to moral stress and distress when they are faced with morally challenging situations where it is difficult to act in line with their moral standards. In times of crisis, such as disasters and pandemics, morally challenging situations are more frequent, due to the increased imbalance between patient needs and resources. However, the concepts of moral stress and distress vary and there is unclarity regarding the definitions used in the literature. This study aims to map and analyze the descriptions used by HCWs regarding morally challenging situations (moral stress) and refine a definition through conceptual analysis. METHODS Qualitative data were collected in a survey of 16,044 Swedish HCWs who attended a COVID-19 online course in autumn 2020. In total, 643 free-text answers with descriptions of moral stress were analyzed through content analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the content analysis (1) "Seeing, but being prevented to act; feeling insufficient/inadequate and constrained in the profession," (2) "Someone or something hindered me; organizational structures as an obstacle," and (3) "The pandemic hindered us; pandemic-related obstacles." The three themes correspond to the main theme, "Being prevented from providing good care." DISCUSSION The main theme describes moral stress as various obstacles to providing good care to patients in need and acting upon empathic ability within the professional role. The themes are discussed in relation to established definitions of moral stress and are assessed through conceptual analysis. A definition of moral stress was refined, based on one of the established definitions. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the study results and conceptual analysis, it is argued that the presented definition fulfils certain conditions of adequacy. It is essential to frame the concept of moral stress, which has been defined in different ways in different disciplines, in order to know what we are talking about and move forward in developing prevention measures for the negative outcomes of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E Gustavsson
- Global Disaster Medicine; Health Needs and Response. Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Johan von Schreeb
- Global Disaster Medicine; Health Needs and Response. Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Filip K Arnberg
- National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Juth
- Centre for Research ethics and Bioethics (CRB), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics (CHE), Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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McNulty JP, Politis Y. Empathy, emotional intelligence and interprofessional skills in healthcare education. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:238-246. [PMID: 37032263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health professionals maintain the health of citizens through evidence-based medicine and caring. Students enroled in health professional programmes are required to have successfully attained all core learning outcomes by reaching key milestones throughout the course of their studies, demonstrating they have developed the required graduate skills and attributes upon completion of the programme. While some of the knowledge, skills and competencies that make up these learning outcomes are very discipline specific, there are more general professional skills across all disciplines which are difficult to define, such as empathy, emotional intelligence and interprofessional skills. These are at the heart of all health professional programmes that once defined, can be mapped through curricula and further evaluated. Literature will be presented on these three professional skills: empathy, emotional intelligence, and interprofessional skills, based on studies that focussed primarily in health professional programmes and highlight some of the key findings and issues at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The paper will present the need for these skills to be defined and then mapped through curricula so that students are better supported in their professional development. Empathy, emotional intelligence and interprofessional skills transcend the discipline specific skills and as such it is important that all educators consider how best these may be fostered. Efforts should also be made to further the integration of these professional skills within curricula to produce health professionals with an enhanced focus on person-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P McNulty
- Radiography and Diagnostic Imaging, School of Medicine, University College, Ireland.
| | - Yurgos Politis
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Central European University, Vienna, Austria
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Vyas D, DelNero T, Reece B. Impact of an Interprofessional Education Activity on Student Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Patient Safety. PHARMACY 2023; 11:pharmacy11020065. [PMID: 37104071 PMCID: PMC10143792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the impact of an interprofessional education (IPE) activity on student knowledge and attitudes regarding patient safety. Two 4 h IPE activities were designed to provide students with foundational information regarding patient safety. Interprofessional teams discussed the individual curricula and roles/responsibilities of each represented health profession. Teams then served on a mock committee tasked with completing a root cause analysis of a fictitious sentinel event. Students completed a pre/post-quiz and pre/post-attitudes survey to measure knowledge and attitudes. Five months later, students reconvened to serve on a second mock sentinel event committee. Students completed a post-activity survey after the second activity. Four hundred and seven students participated in the first activity, while two hundred and eighty participated in the second activity. Quiz score comparisons revealed improved knowledge, with post-quiz scores being significantly higher. Pre- and post-attitude survey comparisons indicated a significant improvement in participant attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork. Seventy-eight percent of students reported the IPE activity enhanced their ability to “engage other health professions students in shared patient-centered care”. This IPE activity resulted in knowledge and attitude improvement related to patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Vyas
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(765)-490-7698
| | - Tracey DelNero
- School of Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Benjamin Reece
- Speech Language Pathology Assistant Program, San Joaquin Delta College, Stockton, CA 95207, USA
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Maddock B, Dārziņš P, Kent F. Realist review of interprofessional education for health care students: What works for whom and why. J Interprof Care 2023; 37:173-186. [PMID: 35403557 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2022.2039105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interprofessional education (IPE) programs, are complex, logistically challenging, and can be expensive to deliver, but these matters are offset by the perceived benefits of IPE. There is little clarity regarding how IPE contributes to the desirable development of collaborative practitioners. To guide educators in the design of IPE programs there is a need to understand the elements that promote optimal learning. A realist review was conducted to identify the mechanisms and resources that contribute to IPE outcomes. Four databases were searched until April 2020 for empirical studies describing mandatory IPE for pre-registration medical, nursing and other health professional students. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Two novel learning design elements were identified; interdependence, where there is a need for genuine contribution of skills and knowledge from the professions learning together to successfully complete tasks, and embodiment, where through being immersed in an authentic scenario, learners feel what it is like to work in their professions. Other observations supported previous research findings such as the importance of skilled facilitators to promote interaction and reflection. Interprofessional interventions incorporating these specific learning design features seem likely to enhance the impact of IPE, thus making the best use of limited institutional resources and student time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pēteris Dārziņš
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Kent
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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Ko HK, Lin YC, Wang SY, Hsu MT, Yordy M, Tsai PF, Lin HJ. Teaching and learning in interprofessional ethics education: Tutors' perspectives. Nurs Ethics 2023; 30:133-144. [PMID: 36200369 DOI: 10.1177/09697330221122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethical dilemmas that arise in the clinical setting often require the collaboration of multiple disciplines to be resolved. However, medical and nursing curricula do not prioritize communication among disciplines regarding this issue. A common teaching strategy, problem-based learning, could be used to enhance communication among disciplines. Therefore, a university in southern Taiwan developed an interprofessional ethics education program based on problem-based learning strategies. This study described tutors' experience teaching in this program. AIM To explore the phenomenon of teaching and learning in interprofessional ethics education for medical and nursing students from the perspectives of tutors. DESIGN Phenomenological qualitative research. METHODS Medical and nursing students completed a 6-week interprofessional ethics education program moderated by either physician or nurse tutors. At the conclusion of the ethics education program, all 14 tutors were invited to participate in focus group interviews. Among them, six tutors (three nursing tutors and three physician tutors) participated in additional individual interviews. All of the contents from the focus group interviews and individual interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using the phenomenological approach, the phenomenon of teaching and learning in interprofessional ethics education were generated. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. FINDINGS Three themes emerged from the tutors' teaching perspectives, including the instructor's motivation to teach, the use of narrative case scenarios, and the emphasis on improving interprofessional ethics communication. DISCUSSION Problem-based learning creates an interprofessional communication platform in interprofessional ethics education. The phenomenon of value convergence between tutors and students, between different students' professions, and between different students' professional maturities is observed. CONCLUSION Problem-based learning is an effective teaching strategy for creating a communication platform for interprofessional ethics education. Ethic curriculum should emphasize motivating instructor, use narrative case scenarios, and focus on interprofessional communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Kuei Ko
- College of Nursing, 38023Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, 38023Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Department of Medical Humanities and Education, School of Medicine, 164791Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Humanities and Education, School of Medicine, 164791Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tao Hsu
- College of Nursing, 164791Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Morgan Yordy
- College of Nursing, 210832Auburn University, USA
| | | | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Center for Humanities and Arts Education, 15684Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Lestari E, Rahmawatie DA, Wulandari CL. Does Online Interprofessional Case-Based Learning Facilitate Collaborative Knowledge Construction? J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:85-99. [PMID: 36660036 PMCID: PMC9842520 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s391997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 pandemic has caused an impact on various sectors of life, including the education sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic, education from various levels could only be carried out online by utilizing various on-line media. In Health professional education context, one of the learning activities that must be shifted in online format was interprofessional education (IPE) program. This study aimed to evaluate students' collaborative knowledge construction to evaluate the effectiveness of online interprofessional case-based learning (CBL) activities. Methods This interventional study using quantitative and qualitative method involved a total of 476 students; consisted of 204 medical students, 39 midwifery students and 233 nursing students; who took part online interprofessional CBL. All students were divided into 34 mixed profession groups with 14 students each. To evaluate students' collaborative knowledge construction during CBL, data were collected using the Maastricht Peer Activity Rating Scale (MPARS). Qualitative data exploring students' perception regarding online IPE activity and their online CBL process were collected using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Quantitative data were analysed using statistical tests, and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Students' scores for constructive, collaborative, and motivational activities evaluated using MPARS were considered as average to high. However, nursing students scored the lowest compared to the other two fellow professions: medical and midwifery students, on all items of the MPARS. Medical students had the highest MPARS scores. Several themes could be explored during the FGD. Discussion This study revealed that students could engage in collaborative knowledge construction in interprofessional education implementing online interprofessional CBL. However, students thought that offline collaborative practice will better improve team bonding which is considered as prominent aspect for collaboration. This thought gives idea to the implementation of hybrid online offline learning for IPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Lestari
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia,Correspondence: Endang Lestari, Email
| | - Dian Apriliana Rahmawatie
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Catur Leny Wulandari
- Midwifery Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
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Andersen P, Broman P, Tokolahi E, Yap JR, Brownie S. Determining a common understanding of interprofessional competencies for pre-registration health professionals in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Delphi study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1119556. [PMID: 37035298 PMCID: PMC10079912 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1119556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness that factors such as the growing incidence of co-morbidity and increasing complexity of patient health needs cannot be addressed by health professionals practicing in isolation. Given this, there is an increasing emphasis on preparing students in health-related programs for effective interprofessional practice. Less clear, however, are the specific skills and clinical or learning opportunities necessary for students to develop effectiveness in interprofessional practice. These factors drove a team associated with a tertiary health education provider in Hamilton, New Zealand to transform traditional clinical student experiences in the form of an interprofessional student-assisted clinic. The clinic was intended, in part, to provide students with opportunities to learn and experience interprofessionalism in practice but was hampered by limited information available regarding the specific skill requirements necessary for students in New Zealand to learn in this context. In this Delphi study, we synthesize national expert opinion on student competency indicators necessary for effective interprofessional practice. The resultant set of indicators is presented and opportunities for application and further research discussed. The paper offers guidance to others seeking to innovate health curricula, develop novel service-oriented learning experiences for students, and foster interprofessional practice competence in the future health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrea Andersen
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology–Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, Central Queensland University, Norman Gardens, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick Broman
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology–Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Patrick Broman,
| | - Ema Tokolahi
- Otago Polytechnic–Te Pūkenga, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jia Rong Yap
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology–Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Brownie
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology–Te Pūkenga, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hosseinpour A, Keshmiri F, Jambarsang S, Jabinian F, Shiryazdi SM. The effect of interprofessional education on interprofessional professionalism behaviors of the surgical team members. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:239. [PMID: 36008834 PMCID: PMC9414088 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interprofessional professionalism (IPP) has been introduced as one of the critical sub-competencies of interprofessional collaboration. This study aimed to assess the effect of interprofessional education on the behavior of interprofessional professionalism among the surgical team in the intervention compared to the control group. METHODS This is a quasi-experimental study. The participants were nurses in anesthetist and surgical technology and surgical residents of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (n = 150) who were included in the study by the census. The intervention employed an interprofessional case-based learning strategy to explore themes of interprofessional professionalism. Two assessors used the Interprofessional Professionalism Assessment (IPA) tool to measure learners' performance while observing them in practice prior to the intervention, one and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive tests (mean and SD) and RM-ANOVA. RESULTS In this study, the participants in the intervention (n = 78) and the control (n = 72) groups entered the study. The Baseline IPA scores of participants were reported as 1.25 (0.12) and 1.21 (0.1) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The IPA score of the participants in the intervention group (2.59 (0.26) and 2.54 (0.24)) was higher than the control group (1.17 (0.08) and 1.12 (0.07)) after one and three months of the intervention (P = 0.0001). The effect of educational interventions was reported at the large level (Eta Square = 0.89). CONCLUSION Interprofessional professionalism in surgical teams has been recognized as a critical element of team-based care. The present study used an interprofessional education strategy to develop IPP behavior. All professions benefited from interprofessional education. It is suggested that all surgical team professionals participate in interprofessional education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinpour
- Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keshmiri
- Medical Education Department, Education Development Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Sara Jambarsang
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jabinian
- Department of Operating Room and Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Shiryazdi
- General Surgery Department, Medical School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Andersson H, Svensson A, Frank C, Rantala A, Holmberg M, Bremer A. Ethics education to support ethical competence learning in healthcare: an integrative systematic review. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:29. [PMID: 35305627 PMCID: PMC8933936 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethical problems in everyday healthcare work emerge for many reasons and constitute threats to ethical values. If these threats are not managed appropriately, there is a risk that the patient may be inflicted with moral harm or injury, while healthcare professionals are at risk of feeling moral distress. Therefore, it is essential to support the learning and development of ethical competencies among healthcare professionals and students. The aim of this study was to explore the available literature regarding ethics education that promotes ethical competence learning for healthcare professionals and students undergoing training in healthcare professions. Methods In this integrative systematic review, literature was searched within the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases using the search terms ‘health personnel’, ‘students’, ‘ethics’, ‘moral’, ‘simulation’, and ‘teaching’. In total, 40 articles were selected for review. These articles included professionals from various healthcare professions and students who trained in these professions as subjects. The articles described participation in various forms of ethics education. Data were extracted and synthesised using thematic analysis. Results The review identified the need for support to make ethical competence learning possible, which in the long run was considered to promote the ability to manage ethical problems. Ethical competence learning was found to be helpful to healthcare professionals and students in drawing attention to ethical problems that they were not previously aware of. Dealing with ethical problems is primarily about reasoning about what is right and in the patient’s best interests, along with making decisions about what needs to be done in a specific situation. Conclusions The review identified different designs and course content for ethics education to support ethical competence learning. The findings could be used to develop healthcare professionals’ and students’ readiness and capabilities to recognise as well as to respond appropriately to ethically problematic work situations.
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Ghani ASA, Rahim AFA, Yusoff MSB, Hadie SNH. Effective Learning Behavior in Problem-Based Learning: a Scoping Review. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2021; 31:1199-1211. [PMID: 33903829 PMCID: PMC8059994 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Problem-based learning (PBL) emphasizes learning behavior that leads to critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and collaborative skills in preparing students for a professional medical career. However, learning behavior that develops these skills has not been systematically described. This review aimed to unearth the elements of effective learning behavior in a PBL context, using the protocol by Arksey and O'Malley. The protocol identified the research question, selected relevant studies, charted and collected data, and collated, summarized, and reported results. We discovered three categories of elements-intrinsic empowerment, entrustment, and functional skills-proven effective in the achievement of learning outcomes in PBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azril Shahreez Abdul Ghani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyah of Medicine, Bandar Indera Mahkota Campus, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200 Pahang Malaysia
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
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Thangarajoo S, Rosliza AM, Nalliah S, Karim J, Shohaimi S, Ramasamy S, Amin-Nordin S. Self-assessment, attitude and perception of interprofessional learning in hospital acquired infection control practices among health professionals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 33902577 PMCID: PMC8077907 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional learning (IPL) is a key challenge in Malaysia in incorporating the current profession-specific medical education into the interprofessional learning curriculum. Safe practices would be enhanced with improved collaboration among the health professionals when they learn with, from, and about each other. The main objective of this study was to determine the significant differences in self-assessment, attitude, and perception of interprofessional learning among doctors and nurses in a teaching hospital in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The second objective was to determine if there is any significant difference in the selected demography factors, mean and total scores between doctors and nurses in self-assessment, attitude, and perceptions of IPL aspects. METHODS A total of doctors (39) and nurses (37) were recruited for an interventional study on the interprofessional learning approach on hospital acquired infection control. The participants responded to the University of West England Interprofessional (UWEIP) questionnaire at baseline consisting of four dimensions in IPL aspects; Self-assessment on communication and teamwork skills (CTW), interprofessional learning (IPL), interprofessional interaction (IPI), and interprofessional relationship (IPR). The Cronbach alpha value for the total questionnaire was established at 0.79. RESULTS The majority of doctors scored positive in CTW, IPL, IPR, and neutral in IPI. Nurses' also recorded the highest positive scores in CTW, IPL, and IPR, and neutral in IPI. Negative scores were found in CTW and IPI. A significant difference was revealed between doctors and nurses in IPL attitude; p = 0.024 and there was no significant difference in other dimensions (p > .05). Results also found a significant difference between participants' and non-participants of IPL training sessions; p = 0.009. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the infusion of interprofessional learning training among the health professionals displayed better self-assessments, attitudes, and perceptions towards collaborative practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathy Thangarajoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- International Medical College, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - A M Rosliza
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sivalingam Nalliah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, International Medical University, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Jalina Karim
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Psychology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
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Bok C, Ng CH, Koh JWH, Ong ZH, Ghazali HZB, Tan LHE, Ong YT, Cheong CWS, Chin AMC, Mason S, Krishna LKR. Interprofessional communication (IPC) for medical students: a scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:372. [PMID: 33081781 PMCID: PMC7574565 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective Interprofessional Communication (IPC) between healthcare professionals enhances teamwork and improves patient care. Yet IPC training remains poorly structured in medical schools. To address this gap, a scoping review is proposed to study current IPC training approaches in medical schools. METHODS Krishna's Systematic Evidence Based Approach (SEBA) was used to guide a scoping review of IPC training for medical students published between 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Google Scholar, ERIC, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO. The data accrued was independently analysed using thematic and content analysis to enhance the reproducibility and transparency of this SEBA guided review. RESULTS 17,809 titles and abstracts were found, 250 full-text articles were reviewed and 73 full text articles were included. Directed Content analysis revealed 4 categories corresponding to the levels of the Miller's Pyramid whilst thematic analysis revealed 5 themes including the indications, stages of trainings and evaluations, content, challenges and outcomes of IPC training. Many longitudinal programs were designed around the levels of Miller's Pyramid. CONCLUSION IPC training is a stage-wise, competency-based learning process that pivots on a learner-centric spiralled curriculum. Progress from one stage to the next requires attainment of the particular competencies within each stage of the training process. Whilst further studies into the dynamics of IPC interactions, assessment methods and structuring of these programs are required, we forward an evidenced based framework to guide design of future IPC programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chermaine Bok
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jeffery Wei Heng Koh
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi Hao Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Haziratul Zakirah Binte Ghazali
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- School of Life Science and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore, 599489, Singapore
| | - Lorraine Hui En Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Yun Ting Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Wei Shuen Cheong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Annelissa Mien Chew Chin
- Medical Library, National University of Singapore Libraries, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD6, 14 Medical Drive, #05-01, Singapore, 11759, Singapore
| | - Stephen Mason
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, #02-03, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore.
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DeFoor MT, Chung Y, Zadinsky JK, Dowling J, Sams RW. An interprofessional cohort analysis of student interest in medical ethics education: a survey-based quantitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2020; 21:26. [PMID: 32268890 PMCID: PMC7140336 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-020-00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is continued need for enhanced medical ethics education across the United States. In an effort to guide medical ethics education reform, we report the first interprofessional survey of a cohort of graduate medical, nursing and allied health professional students that examined perceived student need for more formalized medical ethics education and assessed preferences for teaching methods in a graduate level medical ethics curriculum. Methods In January 2018, following the successful implementation of a peer-led, grassroots medical ethics curriculum, student leaders under faculty guidance conducted a cross-sectional survey with 562 of 1357 responses received (41% overall response rate) among students enrolled in the School of Medicine, College of Nursing, Doctor of Physical Therapy and BS/(D) MD Professional Scholars programs at The Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University. An in person or web-based questionnaire was designed to measure perceived need for a more in-depth medical ethics curriculum. Results The majority of respondents were female (333, 59.3%), white (326, 58.0%) and mid-20s in age (340, 60.5%). Almost half of respondents (47%) reported no prior medical ethics exposure or training in their previous educational experience, while 60% of students across all degree programs reported an interest in more medical ethics education and 92% noted that an understanding of medical ethics was important to their future career. Over a quarter of students (28%) were interested in pursuing graduate-level training in medical ethics, with case-based discussions, small group peer settings and ethics guest lectures being the most desired teaching methods. Conclusions The future physician, nursing and physical therapist workforce in our medical community demonstrated an unmet need and strong interest for more formal medical ethics education within their current coursework. Grassroots student-driven curricular development and leadership in medical ethics can positively impact medical education. Subsequent integration of interprofessional training in medical ethics may serve as a vital curricular approach to improving the training of ethically competent healthcare professionals and overcoming the current hierarchical clinical silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalyn T DeFoor
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA.
| | - Yunmi Chung
- Institute of Public and Preventative Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Dowling
- Augusta University Rehabilitation, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA.,Center for Bioethics and Health Policy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA
| | - Richard W Sams
- Center for Bioethics and Health Policy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA
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Han ER, Yeo S, Kim MJ, Lee YH, Park KH, Roh H. Medical education trends for future physicians in the era of advanced technology and artificial intelligence: an integrative review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:460. [PMID: 31829208 PMCID: PMC6907217 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical education must adapt to different health care contexts, including digitalized health care systems and a digital generation of students in a hyper-connected world. The aims of this study are to identify and synthesize the values that medical educators need to implement in the curricula and to introduce representative educational programs. METHODS An integrative review was conducted to combine data from various research designs. We searched for articles on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO ERIC between 2011 and 2017. Key search terms were "undergraduate medical education," "future," "twenty-first century," "millennium," "curriculum," "teaching," "learning," and "assessment." We screened and extracted them according to inclusion and exclusion criteria from titles and abstracts. All authors read the full texts and discussed them to reach a consensus about the themes and subthemes. Data appraisal was performed using a modified Hawker 's evaluation form. RESULTS Among the 7616 abstracts initially identified, 28 full-text articles were selected to reflect medical education trends and suggest suitable educational programs. The integrative themes and subthemes of future medical education are as follows: 1) a humanistic approach to patient safety that involves encouraging humanistic doctors and facilitating collaboration; 2) early experience and longitudinal integration by early exposure to patient-oriented integration and longitudinal integrated clerkships; 3) going beyond hospitals toward society by responding to changing community needs and showing respect for diversity; and 4) student-driven learning with advanced technology through active learning with individualization, social interaction, and resource accessibility. CONCLUSIONS This review integrated the trends in undergraduate medical education in readiness for the anticipated changes in medical environments. The detailed programs introduced in this study could be useful for medical educators in the development of curricula. Further research is required to integrate the educational trends into graduate and continuing medical education, and to investigate the status or effects of innovative educational programs in each medical school or environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Ryoung Han
- Department of Medical Education, Chonnam National University Medical School, 264 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128 South Korea
| | - Sanghee Yeo
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Medical Education and Neurology, Kosin University College of Medicine, 262, Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49267 South Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Medical Education Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Kwi-Hwa Park
- Department of Medical Education, Gachon University College of Medicine, 38 Dokjeom-ro 3beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565 South Korea
| | - Hyerin Roh
- Department of Medical Education and the Institute for Medical Humanities, Inje University College of Medicine, 75-Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392 South Korea
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Kwan CY. A thorny path: the developmental course of problem-based learning for health sciences education in Asia. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:893-901. [PMID: 31641943 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-019-09920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Problem-based learning (PBL), has been in existence for half a century as of 2019 and still remains the most innovative medical education innovation due to its revolutionary pedagogical approach characterized by student-centered learning (SCL) and self-directed learning (SDL) using simulated real-life scenarios as the learning platform. Here, learning becomes more self-driven, meaningful and relevant, pertaining to the social accountability principle of higher education. Being popular worldwide and driven by a strong demand for medical education reform during the past two decades, PBL has rapidly swept across the medical education communities in Asian countries. Many medical schools in Asia were drawn in by the innovative pedagogical methodology that PBL embraces, but tended to neglect with time, often unintentionally, the philosophy that PBL embodies. As a result, PBL in Asia, for various local academic, cultural, economic and administrative reasons started drifting away from its intended educational purposes. Consequently, the acceptance and practice of PBL in Asia has taken compromised forms as PBL-hybrids embedded within long existing and incorrigibly traditional curricula, or other less effective forms for easier implementation and management, at the expense of SCL and SDL. PBL in health sciences education, which has had a 50-year flourishment in the West, remains a continuous struggle in Asia. PBL for health science education in Asia is certainly no panacea, and is probably heading for a thorny path, despite the ultimate hope for a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yin Kwan
- Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical School, Shanghai, China.
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Lestari E, Stalmeijer RE, Widyandana D, Scherpbier A. Does PBL deliver constructive collaboration for students in interprofessional tutorial groups? BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:360. [PMID: 31533721 PMCID: PMC6751883 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training health professional students in teamwork is recognized as an important step to create interprofessional collaboration in the clinical workplace. Interprofessional problem-based learning (PBL) is one learning approach that has been proposed to provide students with the opportunity to develop the necessary skills to work collaboratively with various health professionals. This study aimed to explore the extent to which students in interprofessional tutorial groups demonstrate constructive collaboration during group discussions. METHODS Students (N = 52) from the Medical, Midwifery and Nursing programmes took part in the study. Video-recordings were made of interprofessional PBL discussions (N = 40) in five groups, eight videos per group. Over a period of 4 weeks, participants discussed four scenarios concerned with the reproductive system. The resulting 67 h of video data were analysed qualitatively. To ensure inter-rater reliability, two tutors assessed the students' constructive, collaborative activities using the Maastricht Peer-Activity Rating Scale (MPARS). Finally, to gain an understanding of students' perceptions of their performance and participation in the interprofessional PBL tutorial, we organized three uni-professional focus groups (FGs) at the end of pilot project. RESULTS The translated MPARS was reliable (Kappa coefficient 0.01-0.20 and p < 0.05). Students were actively involved in the discussion and contributed to a better understanding regardless of their professional background. Group members from different professions complemented one another in solving learning issues. They were open, feeling free to question and argue from the viewpoint of their own profession, and also understood their strengths and limitations. The statistical test of the scores for constructive and collaborative activities indicated a significant difference between students and the various healthcare professionals, p = 0.000, with medical students scoring highest on both activities. Focus groups further clarified some of the observed dynamics. CONCLUSION Implementing interprofessional PBL could motivate students to engage collaboratively in co-constructing knowledge to solve the patients' problem. Medical students scored highest on constructive and collaborative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Lestari
- Medical Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Renée E. Stalmeijer
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Doni Widyandana
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Albert Scherpbier
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Lewis EJ, Ludwig PM, Nagel J, Ames A. Student ethical reasoning confidence pre/post an innovative makerspace course: A survey of ethical reasoning. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2019; 75:75-79. [PMID: 30731406 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenges today are complex and rapid innovations are required. We instruct a transdisciplinary undergraduate course where engineering, nursing, and pre-professional health students produce tangible innovative solutions to community health challenges using MakerSpace technologies. Students receive evidence-based ethics instruction as part of the course using the 8 Key Questions for improving ethical reasoning. Design thinking, an empathy-based problem solving technique, was used to teach problem solving and provided context for instructing ethical reasoning. OBJECTIVE The Objective of this research was to assess student ethical reasoning pre/post this course where students concurrently produce innovative products. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students were assessed pre/post course for their perceptions of 1) the importance of, and 2) their confidence in their ability to ethically reason using a digital version of the Survey of Ethical Reasoning, an instrument previously tested in this population. RESULTS Participants demonstrated a significant gain in their ethical reasoning confidence and maintained their high ranking of the importance of ethical reasoning concurrently to producing innovative products. CONCLUSIONS It is possible, with deliberate instruction, for transdisciplinary undergraduate students to develop ethical reasoning confidence concurrently to developing innovative products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Lewis
- James Madison University School of Nursing, 800 S. Main St. Harrisonburg, VA 22807, United States of America.
| | - Patrice M Ludwig
- James Madison University School of Nursing, 800 S. Main St. Harrisonburg, VA 22807, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn Nagel
- James Madison University School of Nursing, 800 S. Main St. Harrisonburg, VA 22807, United States of America
| | - Allison Ames
- College of Education and Health Professions, 238 Graduate Education, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Dreier-Wolfgramm A, Homeyer S, Oppermann RF, Hoffmann W. A model of interprofessional problem-based learning for medical and nursing students: Implementation, evaluation and implications for future implementation. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 35:Doc13. [PMID: 29497698 PMCID: PMC5827197 DOI: 10.3205/zma001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In Germany there is little evidence of interprofessional problem-based learning (PBL) to date. For this reason a corresponding course for medical and nursing students was implemented. The goal was to analyse the feasibility and usefulness from the point of view of the students. Method: For the purposes of evaluation a quantitative observational study was conducted with a pre-course survey, a teaching evaluation and a post-course survey. The pre- and post-course surveys took place before the commencement of and after the conclusion of learning. The teaching evaluation was carried out after the conclusion of the interprofessional course. In total there were five medical students and five nursing students who took part. The descriptive data analysis was carried out using the statistics software package SPSS. The data from the open text fields was transcribed and evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Results: The students' assessment of the interprofessional PBL was predominantly positive. They stated that they were able to expand their knowledge of the roles of the other profession, that the interprofessional course had a positive effect in terms of mutual appreciation and that the tutor had a positive influence on the interprofessional PBL due to his cooperative learning support. Suggestions for improvement were concerned with the expansion of the interprofessional exchange and the establishment of a set timetable for the tutorials. Conclusion: The first study results of the Bildungscluster study can be used to make adjustments to the interprofessional PBL in order to be able to implement the course with a greater number of participants. Further studies are needed in order to comprehensively examine the learning effects and the impact on daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Dreier-Wolfgramm
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, Greifswald, Germany
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Adina Dreier-Wolfgramm, University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, Ellerholzstr. 1-2, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany, E-mail:
| | - Sabine Homeyer
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roman F. Oppermann
- University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Department of Health, Nursing and Management, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, Greifswald, Germany
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Manspeaker SA, Donoso Brown EV, Wallace SE, DiBartola L, Morgan A. Examining the perceived impact of an ethics workshop on interprofessional values and teamwork. J Interprof Care 2017; 31:628-637. [DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2017.1336992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Manspeaker
- John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena V. Donoso Brown
- John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah E. Wallace
- John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leesa DiBartola
- John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison Morgan
- John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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