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Hu Z, Zhou H. Amphotericin B May Decrease the Serum Level of Voriconazole: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5397-5400. [PMID: 36119639 PMCID: PMC9480596 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s374853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combination therapy with amphotericin B (AmB) and Voriconazole are sometimes used due to reducing AmB-related adverse reactions and improving outcomes. However, there was no report whether AmB would affect the serum level of Voriconazole. Case Presentation A patient was in presumption of invasive fungal infection. Voriconazole and amphotericin B was combined for administration. The results showed that serum levels of Voriconazole were dramatically reduced when combined AmB, whereas went up when receiving Voriconazole alone. Conclusion AmB might decrease the level of Voriconazole. Such a combination of AmB and Voriconazole cannot be considered appropriate until more data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
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Yang Q, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xie J, Zhang K, Dong Y, Wang YF. In vitro synergistic antifungal activities with caspofungin plus fluconazole or voricanazole against Candida species determined by Etest method. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:982-990. [PMID: 35907476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased resistance of Candida species, especially C.glabrata is problematic. Combination antifungal therapies were studied to solve the problem. METHODS In this study, combinations of caspofungin with fluconazole and voricanazole were evaluated in 28 Candida species (included 15 C.glabrata and 12 with FKS mutation) at 24 and 48 h by two Etest methods (direct cover method and MIC/MIC method). RESULTS For Candida isolates, direct cover method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against 12/28 (43%) isolates at 24 h, and against 16/28 (57%) isolates at 48 h. MIC/MIC method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against 11/28 (39%) and 12/28 (43%) isolates at 24 h, and against 16/28 (57%) and 17/28 (61%) isolates at 48 h, respectively. For C.glabrata, direct cover method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against 11/15 (73%) and 10/15 (67%) isolates at 24 h, and 11/15 (73%) and 13/15 (87%) isolates at 48 h, respectively. MIC/MIC method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against both 11/15 (73%) isolates at 24 h, and 10/15 (67%) and 14/15 (93%) isolates at 48 h, respectively. CONCLUSION A combination of caspofungin and fluconazole or voriconazole might be effective in infections due to Candida species, especially for C.glabrata with FKS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Kanghuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yun F Wang
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Jauregizar N, Quindós G, Gil-Alonso S, Suárez E, Sevillano E, Eraso E. Postantifungal Effect of Antifungal Drugs against Candida: What Do We Know and How Can We Apply This Knowledge in the Clinical Setting? J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070727. [PMID: 35887482 PMCID: PMC9317160 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the pharmacological properties of an antifungal agent integrates the drug pharmacokinetics, the fungal growth inhibition, the fungicidal effect and the postantifungal activity, laying the basis to guide optimal dosing regimen selection. The current manuscript reviews concepts regarding the postantifungal effect (PAFE) of the main classes of drugs used to treat Candida infections or candidiasis. The existence of PAFE and its magnitude are highly dependent on both the fungal species and the class of the antifungal agent. Therefore, the aim of this article was to compile the information described in the literature concerning the PAFE of polyenes, azoles and echinocandins against the Candida species of medical interest. In addition, the mechanisms involved in these phenomena, methods of study, and finally, the clinical applicability of these studies relating to the design of dosing regimens were reviewed and discussed. Additionally, different factors that could determine the variability in the PAFE were described. Most PAFE studies were conducted in vitro, and a scarcity of PAFE studies in animal models was observed. It can be stated that the echinocandins cause the most prolonged PAFE, followed by polyenes and azoles. In the case of the triazoles, it is worth noting the inconsistency found between in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Jauregizar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain; (G.Q.); (S.G.-A.); (E.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Sandra Gil-Alonso
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain; (G.Q.); (S.G.-A.); (E.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Elena Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Elena Sevillano
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain; (G.Q.); (S.G.-A.); (E.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Elena Eraso
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Bilbao, Spain; (G.Q.); (S.G.-A.); (E.S.); (E.E.)
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Su S, Yan H, Min L, Wang H, Chen X, Shi J, Sun S. The antifungal activity of caspofungin in combination with antifungals or non-antifungals against Candida species in vitro and in clinical therapy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 20:161-178. [PMID: 34128761 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1941868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Candida species have been regarded as global health threats due to their ability to cause invasive infections. It is challenging to treat Candida bloodstream infections, which are associated with high mortality levels. Monotherapy with antifungals is sometimes not effective against severe Candida infections, and combination therapy is needed in clinical practice.Areas covered: This review was undertaken based on data from a PubMed search for English language reports published before March 2021 by using the terms 'caspofungin,' 'Candida species,' 'combination therapy,' 'antifungal effect,' and 'novel antifungal agent.'Expert opinion: Combination therapy is an empirical strategy for treating refractory Candida infections. Caspofungin has been recommended to treat candidaemia. Caspofungin in combination therapy has some applications, while the efficacy of combination therapy in the treatment of refractory Candida infections needs more study, such as randomized controlled trials. In addition, novel compounds or drugs with potential antifungal activities have been examined, and some of them exhibit synergistic interactions with caspofungin. Thus, the antifungal activity of caspofungin in combination with antifungals or non-antifungals against Candida species in vitro and in clinical therapy is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Sixth People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Yenice Gürsu B. Potential antibiofilm activity of farnesol-loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles against Candida albicans. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCandida species are ubiquitous fungal pathogens and are the most common causes of mucosal and invasive fungal infections in humans. Especially Candida albicans commonly resides as a commensal in the mucosal tissues of approximately half of the human population. When the balance of the normal flora is disrupted or the immune defenses are compromised, Candida species can become pathogenic, often causing recurrent disease in susceptible individuals.The treatments available for Candida infection are commonly drug-based and can involve topical and systemic antifungal agents. However, the use of standard antifungal therapies can be limited because of toxicity, low efficacy rates, and drug resistance. Candida species ability to produce drug-resistant biofilm is an important factor in human infections, because microorganisms within biofilm benefit from various advantages over their planktonic counterparts including protection from antimicrobials and chemicals. These limitations emphasize the need to develop new and more effective antifungal agents. Natural products are attractive alternatives for this purpose due to their broad spectrum of biological activities. Farnesol is produced by many microorganisms and found in some essential oils. It has also a great attention as a quorum-sensing molecule and virulence factor. It has also antimicrobial potential due to its inhibitory effects on various bacteria and fungi. However, as it is a hydrophobic component, its solubility and biofilm inhibiting properties are limited.To overcome these shortcomings, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been successfully used. For this purpose, especially using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles has gained increasing attention owing to their biocompatibility and minimal toxicity. Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is the most widely used polymer in this area. In this study, farnesol is loaded to PLGA nanoparticles (F-PLGA NPs) by emulsion evaporation method and characterized by DLS, TEM, and FT-IR analyses. Our TEM findings indicate that the sizes of F-PLGA NPs are approximately 140 nm. The effects of F-PLGA NPs on planktonic cells and biofilm formation of C. albicans were compared with effects of farnesol alone. Farnesol inhibits the growth at a range of 53% at a concentration of 2.5 μL compared to the control group. This rate is 45% for F-PLGA NPs at the same concentration. However, although farnesol amount in F-PLGA is approximately 22.5% of the total volume, the observed effect is significant. In TEM examinations, planktonic Candida cells treated with farnesol showed relatively regular ultrastructural morphology. Few membrane and wall damage and electron density in the cytoplasm were determined. In F-PLGA NP-treated cells, increased irregular cell morphology, membrane and wall damages, and large vacuoles are observed. Our SEM and XTT data suggest that F-PLGA NPs can reduce the biofilm formation at lower concentrations than farnesol alone 57%, and our results showed that F-PLGA NPs are effective and biocompatible alternatives for inhibiting growth and biofilm formation of C. albicans, but detailed studies are needed.
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Gil-Alonso S, Jauregizar N, Eraso E, Quindós G. Postantifungal effect of caspofungin against the Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis clades. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ellepola ANB, Chandy R, Khan ZU, Samaranayake LP. Caspofungin-induced in-vitro post-antifungal effect and its impact on adhesion related traits of oral Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans isolates. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:160-7. [PMID: 26850765 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and denture acrylic surfaces (DAS), germ tube (GT) formation and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are all virulence traits involved in the pathogenicity of Candida. Post-antifungal effect (PAFE) also have a bearing on pathogenicity and virulence of Candida. Candida dubliniensis is associated with oral and systemic candidosis, which can be managed with caspofungin. There is no published information on caspofungin-induced PAFE and its impact on adhesion traits of C. dubliniensis isolates. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the in vitro duration of PAFE on 20 C. dubliniensis isolates following transient exposure to caspofungin. Furthermore the impacts of caspofungin-induced PAFE on adhesion to BEC and DAS, GT formation and CSH of these isolates were also determined. After establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caspofungin, C. dubliniensis isolates were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (×3 MIC) of caspofungin for 1 hr. Thereafter the duration of PAFE, adhesion to BEC and DAS, GT formation and CSH were determined by previously described in-vitro assays. MIC (μg/mL) of C. dubliniensis isolates to caspofungin ranged from 0.004 to 0.19. Caspofungin-induced mean PAFE on C. dubliniensis isolates was 2.17 hr. Exposure to caspofungin suppressed the ability of C. dubliniensis isolates to adhere to BEC and DAS, form GT and CSH by 69.97%, 71.95%, 90.06% and 32.29% (P < 0.001 for all), respectively. Thus, transient exposure of C. dubliniensis isolates to caspofungin produces an antifungal effect not only by suppressing its growth but also by altering its adhesion traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Chandy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Zia Uddin Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Gil-Alonso S, Jauregizar N, Eraso E, Quindós G. Postantifungal Effect of Micafungin against the Species Complexes of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132730. [PMID: 26168269 PMCID: PMC4500391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Micafungin is an effective antifungal agent useful for the therapy of invasive candidiasis. Candida albicans is the most common cause of invasive candidiasis; however, infections due to non-C. albicans species, such as Candida parapsilosis, are rising. Killing and postantifungal effects (PAFE) are important factors in both dose interval choice and infection outcome. The aim of this study was to determinate the micafungin PAFE against 7 C. albicans strains, 5 Candida dubliniensis, 2 Candida Africana, 3 C. parapsilosis, 2 Candida metapsilosis and 2 Candida orthopsilosis. For PAFE studies, cells were exposed to micafungin for 1 h at concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 8 μg/ml. Time-kill experiments (TK) were conducted at the same concentrations. Samples were removed at each time point (0-48 h) and viable counts determined. Micafungin (2 μg/ml) was fungicidal (≥ 3 log10 reduction) in TK against 5 out of 14 (36%) strains of C. albicans complex. In PAFE experiments, fungicidal endpoint was achieved against 2 out of 14 strains (14%). In TK against C. parapsilosis, 8 μg/ml of micafungin turned out to be fungicidal against 4 out 7 (57%) strains. Conversely, fungicidal endpoint was not achieved in PAFE studies. PAFE results for C. albicans complex (41.83 ± 2.18 h) differed from C. parapsilosis complex (8.07 ± 4.2 h) at the highest tested concentration of micafungin. In conclusion, micafungin showed significant differences in PAFE against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis complexes, being PAFE for the C. albicans complex longer than for the C. parapsilosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gil-Alonso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar “Microbios y Salud” (UFI 11/25), Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Bizkaia, España
- Departamento de Farmacología, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar “Microbios y Salud” (UFI 11/25), Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Bizkaia, España
| | - Nerea Jauregizar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar “Microbios y Salud” (UFI 11/25), Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Bizkaia, España
| | - Elena Eraso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar “Microbios y Salud” (UFI 11/25), Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Bizkaia, España
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Unidad de formación e investigación multidisciplinar “Microbios y Salud” (UFI 11/25), Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Bizkaia, España
- * E-mail:
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Zu Y, Sun W, Zhao X, Wang W, Li Y, Ge Y, Liu Y, Wang K. Preparation and characterization of amorphous amphotericin B nanoparticles for oral administration through liquid antisolvent precipitation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 53:109-17. [PMID: 24345795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We prepared amphotericin B (AmB) nanoparticles through liquid antisolvent precipitation (LAP) and by freeze-drying to improve the solubility of AmB for oral administration. The LAP was optimized through a single-factor experiment. We determined the effects of surfactants and their concentration, the stirring time, the precipitation temperature, the stirring intensity, the drug concentration and the volume ratio of antisolvent to solvent on the mean particle size (MPS) of the AmB nanoparticles. Increased stirring intensity and precipitation time favored AmB nanoparticles with smaller MPS, but precipitation times exceeding 30 min did not further reduce the MPS. Increased Tween-80 concentration and the drug concentration decreased the MPS of the AmB nanoparticles. Increased precipitation temperature and antisolvent to solvent volume ratio initially decreased the MPS of the AmB nanoparticles, which increased thereafter. Optimum conditions produced AmB nanoparticles with an MPS of 135.1 nm. The AmB nanoparticles were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), solvent residue, drug purity test, and dissolution testing. The analyses indicated that the chemical structure of AmB remained unchanged in the nanoparticles, but the structure was changed from crystalline to amorphous. The residual DMSO in the nanoparticles was 0.24% less than the standard set by the International Conference on Harmonization limit for class III solvents. The AmB nanoparticles exhibited 2.1 times faster dissolution rates and 13 times equilibrium solubility compared with the raw drug. The detection results indicate that the AmB nanoparticles potentially improved the oral absorption of AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunlong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kunlun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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Fesharaki SH, Haghani I, Mousavi B, Kargar ML, Boroumand M, Anvari MS, Abbasi K, Meis JF, Badali H. Endocarditis due to a co-infection of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in a drug abuser. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1763-1767. [PMID: 23973985 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.060954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades the incidence of Candida endocarditis has increased dramatically. Despite the application of surgery and antifungal therapy, Candida endocarditis remains a life-threatening infection with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a 37-year-old male drug abuser presenting with high fever, chest pain, loss of appetite and cardiac failure. His echocardiography revealed mobile large tricuspid valve vegetations. Fungal endocarditis was confirmed by culturing of the resected vegetation showing mixed growth of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, although three consecutive blood cultures were negative for Candida species. Phenotypic identification was reconfirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) region. The patient was initially treated with intravenous fluconazole (6 mg kg(-1) per day), followed by 2 weeks of intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate (1 mg kg(-1) per day). Although MICs were low for both drugs, the patient's antifungal therapy combined with valve replacement failed, and he died due to respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirinsadat Hashemi Fesharaki
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bita Mousavi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Melika Laal Kargar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Boroumand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sotoudeh Anvari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyomars Abbasi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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