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Song P, Hai Y, Wang X, Zhao L, Chen B, Cui P, Xie Q, Yu L, Li Y, Wu Z, Li H. Realgar transforming solution suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth by inhibiting VEGF receptor 2 signaling in vein endothelial cells. Arch Pharm Res 2018. [PMID: 29542005 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Realgar (As4S4), as an arsenic sulfide mineral drug, has a good therapeutic reputation for anticancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and has recently been reported to inhibit angiogenesis in tumor growth. However, considering the poor solubility and low bioavailability of realgar, large dose of realgar and long period of treatment are necessary for achieving the effective blood medicine concentration. In present study, we resolved the crucial problem of poor solubility of realgar by using intrinsic biotransformation in microorganism, and investigated underlying mechanisms of realgar transforming solution (RTS) for antiangiogenesis. Our results demonstrated that RTS had a strong activity to inhibit HUVECs proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. Moreover, RTS inhibited VEGF/bFGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and the downstream protein kinases including ERK, FAK, and Src. In vivo zebrafish and chicken chorioallantoic membrane model experiments showed that RTS remarkably blocked angiogenesis. Finally, compared with the control, administration of 2.50 mg/kg RTS reached more than 50% inhibition against H22 tumor allografts in KM mice, but caused few toxic effects in the host. The antiangiogenic effect was indicated by CD31 immunohistochemical staining and alginate-encapsulated tumor cell assay. In summary, our findings suggest that RTS inhibits angiogenesis and may be a potential drug candidate in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Disease by Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu Province, Jiayuguan West Road No. 732, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Hai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longhe Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baoqiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qinjian Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Wang X, Chen B, Zhao L, Zhi D, Hai Y, Song P, Li Y, Xie Q, Inam U, Wu Z, Yu L, Li H. Autophagy enhanced antitumor effect in K562 and K562/ADM cells using realgar transforming solution. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:252-264. [PMID: 29272786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Chen P, Xu R, Yan L, Wu Z, Wei Y, Zhao W, Wang X, Xie Q, Li H. Properties of realgar bioleaching using an extremely acidophilic bacterium and its antitumor mechanism as an anticancer agent. Biol Res 2017; 50:17. [PMID: 28532516 PMCID: PMC5441017 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Realgar is a naturally occurring arsenic sulfide (or Xionghuang, in Chinese). It contains over 90% tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide (As4S4). Currently, realgar has been confirmed the antitumor activities, both in vitro and in vivo, of realgar extracted using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans). Bioleaching, a new technology to greatly improve the use rate of arsenic extraction from realgar using bacteria, is a novel methodology that addressed a limitation of the traditional method for realgar preparation. The present systematic review reports on the research progress in realgar bioleaching and its antitumor mechanism as an anticancer agent. A total of 93 research articles that report on the biological activity of extracts from realgar using bacteria and its preparation were presented in this review. The realgar bioleaching solution (RBS) works by inducing apoptosis when it is used to treat tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. When it is used to treat animal model organisms in vivo, such as mice and Caenorhabditis elegans, tumor tissues grew more slowly, with mass necrosis. Meanwhile, the agent also showed obvious inhibition of tumor cell growth. Bioleaching technology greatly improves the utilization of realgar and is a novel methodology to improve the traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinjian Xie
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
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Song P, Chen P, Wang D, Wu Z, Gao Q, Wang A, Zhu R, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao L, Duan Z, Zhu S, Cui P, Li Y, Li H. Realgar transforming solution displays anticancer potential against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by inducing ROS. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:660-670. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xie Q, Yu L, Li Z, Liu H, Liu Z, Guo Z, Wu Z, Zhu H, Sun Y, Khan A, Li H. A novel method of dissolving realgar by immobilized Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liu D, Zhi D, Zhou T, Yu Q, Wan F, Bai Y, Li H. Realgar bioleaching solution is a less toxic arsenic agent in suppressing the Ras/MAPK pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 35:292-299. [PMID: 23376179 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To explore other arsenic derivatives with anticancer effects and fewer adverse effects, realgar bioleaching solution (RBS) has been found to be a viable approach. Here we used C. elegans as a model organism to its possible efficacy for anti-cancer effect of RBS. Our results indicated that RBS significantly suppressed the multivulva (Muv) phenotype of let-60 ras(gf) mutant that was positive correlated to arsenic concentrations in worms and also inhibited Muv phenotype of lin-15(lf) upstream of Ras/MAPK pathway, but did not affect the Muv phenotype resulting from loss-of-function mutations of lin-l(lf) downstream of Ras/MAPK pathway, which may be mechanism-based. In toxicity tests, RBS did not lead to reduction resulting from arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the number of pharyngeal pumping which was orthologous to vertebrate heart beating in wild type C. elegans. Overall, RBS was likely to be a potential anti-cancer drug candidate with high efficiency and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Chen P, Yan L, Leng F, Nan W, Yue X, Zheng Y, Feng N, Li H. Bioleaching of realgar by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans using ferrous iron and elemental sulfur as the sole and mixed energy sources. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3260-3267. [PMID: 21146407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the bioleaching of realgar by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY-3 (A. ferrooxidans) were investigated in this work. We examined the effects of using ferrous iron and elemental sulfur as the sole and mixed energy sources on the bioleaching of realgar. Under all experimental conditions, A. ferrooxidans BY-3 significantly enhanced the dissolution of realgar. Moreover, arsenic was more efficiently leached using A. ferrooxidans BY-3 in the presence of ferrous iron than in other culture conditions. A high concentration of arsenic was observed in the absence of alternative energy sources. This concentration was higher than that in cultures with sulfur only and lower than that in cultures with ferrous iron and sulfur. Linear or nonlinear models best fit the experimental data; the nonlinear model exhibited the dual effects of dissolution and removal on the bioleaching of realgar, whereas the linear model only applied to situations of slow bioleaching rather than removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
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