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Özen Y, Aksut M, Cekmecelioglu D, Dedemoglu M, Altas O, Sarikaya S, Rabus MB, Kirali K. Intra-aortic balloon pump experience: a single center study comparing with and without sheath insertion. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2018; 10:144-148. [PMID: 30386534 PMCID: PMC6203873 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2018.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mechanical circulation support used in treatment of low cardiac output at most
is the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Its usage fields are the complications occurring due to
ischemic heart disease, disrupted left ventricle function, and the low cardiac output syndrome
occurring during coronary artery by-pass surgery.
Methods: During 28 years from 1985 to 2013, IABP support has been implemented to 3135 patients
in our cardiac surgery operating theater and intensive care unit. The mean age of the patients was
61.4 ± 13.2 years (16-82). 2506 patients (80%) were the ones whom the cardiac surgery has been
implemented. IABP support has been provided for 629 (20%) patients for medical treatment. We
utilized IABP most frequently in coronary artery patients (70%). The first choice for placing the
balloon catheter is the femoral artery in 3093 cases (98.7%).
Results: The most frequently observed balloon complication was the lower extremity ischemia in
383 cases (12.2%).The leg ischemia was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with
sheath (P=0.004). The extremity ischemia has developed in 4 of 12 patients with balloon placed
from upper extremity. The local bleeding and balloon rupture were more frequent in patients
whom the balloon has been placed without sheath. The mortality due to IABP has occurred in
only 5 patients.
Conclusion: Despite increase in IABP usage frequency rapidly, the complications due to catheter
are still seen. We believe that the leg ischemia that is the most frequently seen complication can
be prevented via IABP use without sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yücel Özen
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aksut
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Davut Cekmecelioglu
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dedemoglu
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Altas
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabit Sarikaya
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Bulent Rabus
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaan Kirali
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Parissis H, Soo A, Al-Alao B. Intra aortic balloon pump: literature review of risk factors related to complications of the intraaortic balloon pump. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 6:147. [PMID: 22047038 PMCID: PMC3216865 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-6-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of the intra aortic balloon pump is attributed to the relatively easy percutaneous insertion and the low threshold of use over the past few years, especially in elderly patients with multi-vessel diseases and an affected ejection fraction.Unfortunately, the clinical assessment of the complications associated to the use of this supporting device, underestimates the frequency of such complications.This report has looked at the current literature and attempt to identify incremental risk factors related to the development of adverse effects during support with an intaaortic balloon pump.The paper concludes that in contrary to early reports, newer studies have shown that complications following intraaortic balloon pump treatment, is decreasing. Moreover the literature suggests that the thrombosis and infective complications are relevant to the duration of the pump treatment, while the ischemic problems of the limbs are mostly linked to the atherosclerotic status of the common femoral artery.
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3
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Parissis H, Leotsinidis M, Akbar MT, Apostolakis E, Dougenis D. The need for intra aortic balloon pump support following open heart surgery: risk analysis and outcome. J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 5:20. [PMID: 20367880 PMCID: PMC2855563 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early and intermediate outcome of patients requiring intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) was studied in a cohort of 2697 adult cardiac surgical patients. Methods 136 patients requiring IABP (5.04%) support analysed over a 4 year period. Prospective data collection, obtained. Results The overall operative mortality was 35.3%. The "operation specific" mortality was higher on the Valve population. The mortality (%) as per time of balloon insertion was: Preoperative 18.2, Intraopeartive 33.3, postoperative 58.3 (p < 0.05). The incremental risk factors for death were: Female gender (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.87 with Confidence Intervals (CI) = 1.3-11.6), Smoking (OR = 4.88, CI = 1.23- 19.37), Preoperative Creatinine>120 (OR = 3.3, CI = 1.14-9.7), Cross Clamp time>80 min (OR = 4.16, CI = 1.73-9.98) and IABP insertion postoperatively (OR = 19.19, CI = 3.16-116.47). The incremental risk factors for the development of complications were: Poor EF (OR = 3.16, CI = 0.87-11.52), Euroscore >7 (OR = 2.99, CI = 1.14-7.88), history of PVD (OR = 4.99, CI = 1.32-18.86). The 5 years survival was 79.2% for the CABG population and 71.5% for the valve group. (Hazard ratio = 1.78, CI = 0.92-3.46). Conclusions IABP represents a safe option of supporting the failing heart. The need for IABP especially in a high risk Valve population is associated with early unfavourable outcome, however the positive mid term results further justify its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haralabos Parissis
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Cardiothoracic Department, Belfast, Nothern Ireland.
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4
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Davies AR, Bellomo R, Raman JS, Gutteridge GA, Buxton BF. High lactate predicts the failure of intraaortic balloon pumping after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:1415-20. [PMID: 11383775 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(01)02469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the use of intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support in complex cardiac surgical patients, morbidity and mortality rates are high. More advanced mechanical cardiovascular support should be considered in those patients who are highly likely to die despite IABP support. We sought to identify early, readily available prognostic markers for patients receiving IABP support. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 39 patients requiring IABP support following cardiac surgery for more than 2 years. The accuracy and predictive ability of multiple potential markers of mortality were statistically assessed. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of the patients were successfully weaned from IABP support and 46% survived to hospital discharge. Serious complications occurred in 13% of patients. Serum lactate more than 10 mmol/L in the first 8 hours of IABP support predicted a 100% mortality. Base deficit more than 10 mmol/L, mean arterial pressure less than 60 mm Hg, urine output less than 30 mls/h for 2 hours, and dose of epinephrine or norepinephrine more than 10 microg/min were other highly predictive prognostic markers. CONCLUSIONS Morbidity and mortality rates remain high despite IABP support following cardiac surgery. Mortality can be predicted by the presence of elevated serum lactate, elevated base deficit, hypotension, oliguria and large vasopressor doses, any of which should prompt appropriate consideration as to other mechanical cardiovascular support.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Davies
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin & Repatriation Medical Center, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Arafa OE, Pedersen TH, Svennevig JL, Fosse E, Geiran OR. Intraaortic balloon pump in open heart operations: 10-year follow-up with risk analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:741-7. [PMID: 9527205 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(97)01385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) is the primary mechanical device used for perioperative cardiac failure. METHODS We analyzed the prognostic predictors and long-term survival of 344 patients undergoing cardiac operations who required the perioperative use of an IABP at our institution from January 1980 to December 1989. Hospital survivors (163 patients) were followed up for a mean of 7.45 years (range, 1 month to 15.3 years); cumulative follow-up included 1,167 patient-years. RESULTS The early mortality rate was 52.6% (181 patients). From parameters available at the time of IABP insertion, logistic regression analysis identified preoperative serum creatinine level, left ventricular ejection fraction, perioperative myocardial infarction, timing of IABP insertion, and indication for operation as independent predictors of early (30-day) death (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis of hospital survivors identified timing of IABP insertion, perfusion time, and preoperative serum creatinine level as independent prognostic factors for late death (p < 0.05), whereas patient age was only marginally significant (p < 0.06). There was no association between IABP-related complications and death. Survival analysis demonstrated a 10-year actual survival rate of 22.04% +/- 0.023%, with 57 patients still at risk and significantly improved survival among those who received an IABP before operation (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The early mortality rate in patients who received an IABP was high. Hospital survivors had a relatively good long-term prognosis. The significantly better short- and long-term survival of patients who received an IABP before operation may justify more liberal preoperative use of the IABP in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Arafa
- Department of Surgery A, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Pi K, Block PC, Warner MG, Diethrich EB. Major determinants of survival and nonsurvival of intraaortic balloon pumping. Am Heart J 1995; 130:849-53. [PMID: 7572596 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find the major determinants of survival and nonsurvival after intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support. One hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients with IABP support from January 1988 to January 1992 were analyzed retrospectively. Differences between the survival and nonsurvival groups were tested with the Student's t test, chi-squared test, and frequency analysis. The overall survival rate was 50.4% (65 of 129). Nonsurvivors (64 of 129, 49.6%) had higher rates of chronic heart failure (21.9% vs 9.2%, p < 0.05), acute myocardial infarction (53.1% vs 24.6%, p < 0.01), cardiomyopathy (9.4% vs 1.5%, p < 0.05), New York Heart Association functional class IV (51.6% vs 13.9%, p < 0.01), and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (29.38% +/- 8.99% vs 42.88% +/- 5.24%, mean +/- SD, p < 0.01). The nonsurvival group also had longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (115.80 +/- 24.43 vs 78.34 +/- 3.81 min, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.02) and aortic occlusion (57.55 +/- 13.03 vs 41.00 +/- 2.79 min, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.05) than the survival group. The major determinants of death after IABP are acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular ejection fraction < 30%, New York Heart Association functional class IV, and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic occlusion. IABP is effective in sustaining hemodynamics, but severe myocardial pump failure portends a poor treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pi
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, People's Republic of China
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7
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Göl MK, Bayazit M, Emir M, Taşdemir O, Bayazit K. Vascular complications related to percutaneous insertion of intraaortic balloon pumps. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58:1476-80. [PMID: 7979678 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(94)91939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The hemodynamic effects of intraaortic balloon pumps (IABPs) are well known. The use of IABPs is prone to many complications, including those classified as vascular. These complications are said to be more frequent with percutaneous insertion techniques. These complications and the algorithm for identifying patients who are most likely to suffer vascular complications were evaluated in a retrospective manner in a group of patients that received percutaneous IABPs. The study group consisted of 449 patients. The mean age of these patients was 53.6 +/- 12.8 years (range, 18 to 80 years), and 24.7% were female. The early mortality rate of these patients was 53.2%. The mortality for patients in whom vascular complications developed was significantly higher than that in the patients who did not suffer any vascular complications (65.7% versus 50.8%; p = 0.018). Minor or major vascular complications developed in 17.4% (n = 78) of the patients. There was no statistical difference in the frequency of complications between the patients who received a sheathless IABP and those who received a sheathed IABP. Ischemic complications occurred in 16.6% of the patients who received a sheathless IABP and in 17.6% of the patients with sheathed IABPs (p < 0.05). Diabetic patients (relative risk, 2.5), female patients (relative risk, 1.83), patients with peripheral vascular disease (relative risk, 3.69), and patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations (relative risk, 2.08) were at increased risk for suffering vascular complications. These risk factors should be evaluated before insertion of an IABP, and routes other than percutaneous femoral insertion are preferred if the patient is IABP dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Göl
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital, Ankara
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Paccagnella A, Calò M, Cipolotti G, Manuali A, Da Col U, Giacomin A, Simini G. Total parenteral nutrition in patients with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 1993; 27:35-40. [PMID: 8493495 DOI: 10.3109/14017439309099091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were studied in nine of 19 patients with intra-aortic balloon pumping TPN (c. 27 kcal/kg/day) was begun 3 hours after the start of pumping. The non-protein caloric source was composed of hypertonic dextrose and fat emulsion (60% and 40%). The nitrogen intake was 1 g/150-200 kcal/day. The ten control patients received 5% dextrose in corresponding volume/hour. Hemodynamic studies were performed before and 24, 48 and 72 hours after the start of counterpulsation. The predicted and the observed resting energy expenditure were recorded in both patient groups during counter-pulsation. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance differed significantly between the groups. Cardiac function improved in both groups. In the TPN group the measured resting energy expenditure increased by 33% more than predicted on day 2 and by 56% on day 3 and in the controls the figures were 31% and 40%--all rises significant. Total parenteral nutrition with low fat content thus alters the hemodynamic equilibrium without clinically significant effects in patients undergoing intra-aortic balloon pumping. These patients are hypermetabolic and should receive artificial nutrition as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paccagnella
- Department of Anaesthesiology, S. Maria dei Battuti Hospital, Treviso, Italy
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Abstract
Increasing numbers of octogenarians are seen in the operating room or critical care unit with circumstances for which intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) assistance is appropriate, but it has been suggested that the complication rate for IABP use in octogenarians is excessive. From 1980 to 1990, 25 octogenarians needed an IABP in our institution, as an adjunct to operation in 20 patients (1 had repair of a ventricular rupture and 19 underwent coronary grafting); 5 patients did not have operation. The indications for IABP use were unstable angina, 12 (48%); cardiogenic shock, 10 (40%); and difficulty weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass, 3 (12%)--these 3 were the only ones who had insertion through a femoral cut-down. No serious insertion difficulties were noticed with the percutaneous route in the other 22 patients. Without operation, 4 of 5 patients died in the hospital (80%), and the 5th died 2 years 8 months after discharge. After operation, there were two hospital deaths (10%) and two late deaths, neither from cardiac causes. A fatal outcome occurred in 6 of 9 patients with cardiogenic shock. Intraaortic balloon pump-related complications were rare, minor, and unrelated to IABP assistance duration, which ranged from 24 to 146 hours (mean, 49.9 hours). No long-term vascular complications resulted. Hospital stay averaged 22.2 days. At follow-up from 9 to 81 months (mean, 51.8 months), of the 16 survivors, 12 (75%) were in New York Heart Association class I/II and 2 each were in classes III and IV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Sisto
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Creswell LL, Rosenbloom M, Cox JL, Ferguson TB, Kouchoukos NT, Spray TL, Pasque MK, Ferguson TB, Wareing TH, Huddleston CB. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation: patterns of usage and outcome in cardiac surgery patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 54:11-8; discussion 18-20. [PMID: 1610220 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(92)91133-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Between January 1, 1986, and May 6, 1991, 7,884 cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass were performed at our institution, including 672 (9.8% of adult procedures) performed in 669 patients that were associated with preoperative (n = 240), intraoperative (n = 353), or postoperative (n = 79) use of an intraaortic balloon pump. The mean age of recipients was 65.3 years (range, 16 to 89 years). Intraaortic balloon pump usage increased during the study period from 6.4% of patients (83/1,298) in 1986 to 12.7% of patients (169/1,333) in 1990. The relative distribution between preoperative (mean, 35.7%), intraoperative (52.5%), and postoperative (11.8%) insertion remained nearly constant during the study period. The overall operative (30-day) mortality for patients with preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative insertion of the intraaortic balloon pump was 19.6%, 32.3%, and 40.5%, respectively (X2 = 16.4; p less than 0.001). Although use of the intraaortic balloon pump in the intraoperative and postoperative settings is accompanied by a favorable outcome in most patients, the high associated mortality suggests the need for earlier use of the intraaortic balloon pump or other supportive measures such as the ventricular assist device.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Creswell
- Department of Surgery, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110
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