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Nelson EU, Nnam MU. The social-structural contexts of cannabis consumption and harm reduction among young Nigerian women. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024:104451. [PMID: 38734506 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young women remain under-represented in the research literature on young people's cannabis use. This study explored cannabis use and harm reduction practices of young Nigerian women. METHODS The study draws on 19 in-depth interviews conducted with young women aged 21-35 years who were recruited through time-location sampling in Uyo, Nigeria. Interview transcripts were subjected to thematic coding and analysis. RESULTS Accounts highlighted a rapid progression from occasional consumption during hang-outs to regular and heavy consumption for most participants. Frequent and heavy cannabis use, shaped by trauma, stress and mental health problems linked to participants' marginal social locations, established a context of risk for health harms. The participants sought to reduce harms by attempting to reduce frequency and quantity of cannabis consumed, often with limited success. They also micro-dosed to monitor drug effects, avoided mixing cannabis with more potent drugs, sought out cannabis strains with lower THC as well as consuming privately to reduce social harms such as violence and police arrest associated with using in street milieus. On the other hand, cannabis consumption was seen as helping to reduce harms by providing a relatively safer and less addictive alternative to drugs such as heroin and pharmaceutical opioids, preventing high-risk sexual exchanges often associated with opioid withdrawal among women, and relieving pain. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis was consumed recreationally at first, and harmful consumption patterns developed from using cannabis to treat the psychological symptoms of structural inequalities. The analysis supports the social-structural production of drug-related harms, foregrounding the importance of structural-level interventions for creating an enabling environment for safer consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediomo-Ubong Nelson
- Global Drug Policy Observatory, Swansea University, UK; Centre for Research and Information on Substance Abuse, Nigeria.
| | - Macpherson Uchenna Nnam
- Directorate of Research Development and Innovation, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
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2
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Kroon E, Toenders YJ, Kuhns LN, Cousijn J, Filbey F. Resting state functional connectivity in dependent cannabis users: The moderating role of cannabis attitudes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111090. [PMID: 38301388 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global increase in lenient cannabis policy has been paralleled by reduced harm perception, which has been associated with cannabis use initiation and persistent use. However, it is unclear how cannabis attitudes might affect the brain processes underlying cannabis use. METHODS Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) within and between the executive control network (ECN), salience network (SN), and default mode network (DMN) was assessed in 110 near-daily cannabis users with cannabis use disorder (CUD) and 79 controls from The Netherlands and Texas, USA. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing the perceived benefits and harms of cannabis use from their personal, friends-family's, and country-state's perspectives and reported on their cannabis use (gram/week), CUD severity, and cannabis-related problems. RESULTS RSFC within the dorsal SN was lower in cannabis users than controls, while no group differences in between-network RSFC were observed. Furthermore, heavier cannabis use was associated with lower dorsal SN RSFC in the cannabis group. Perceived benefits and harms of cannabis - from personal, friends-family's, and country-state's perspectives - moderated associations of cannabis use, CUD severity, and cannabis use-related problems with within-network RSFC of the SN, ECN, and DMN. Personal perceived benefits and country-state perceived harms moderated the association between CUD severity and RSFC between the ventral and dorsal DMN. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of considering individual differences in the perceived harms and benefits of cannabis use as a factor in the associations between brain functioning and cannabis use, CUD severity, and cannabis use-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kroon
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Y J Toenders
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L N Kuhns
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction Lab, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Filbey
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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3
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Kuhns L, Kroon E, Filbey F, Cousijn J. A cross-cultural fMRI investigation of cannabis approach bias in individuals with cannabis use disorder. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 18:100507. [PMID: 37485034 PMCID: PMC10359718 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As cannabis policies and attitudes become more permissive, it is crucial to examine how the legal and social environment influence neurocognitive mechanisms underlying cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study aimed to assess whether cannabis approach bias, one of the mechanisms proposed to underlie CUD, differed between environments with distinct recreational cannabis policies (Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NL) and Dallas, Texas, United States of America (TX)) and whether individual differences in cannabis attitudes affect those differences. Methods Individuals with CUD (NL-CUD: 64; TX-CUD: 48) and closely matched non-using controls (NL-CON: 50; TX-CON: 36) completed a cannabis approach avoidance task (CAAT) in a 3T MRI. The cannabis culture questionnaire was used to measure cannabis attitudes from three perspectives: personal, family/friends, and state/country attitudes. Results Individuals with CUD demonstrated a significant behavioral cannabis-specific approach bias. Individuals with CUD exhibited higher cannabis approach bias-related activity in clusters including the paracingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and frontal medial cortex compared to controls, which was no longer significant after controlling for gender. Site-related differences emerged in the association between cannabis use quantity and cannabis approach bias activity in the putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, and insula, with a positive association in the TX-CUD group and a negative association in the NL-CUD group. This was not explained by site differences in cannabis attitudes. Conclusions Pinpointing the underlying mechanisms of site-related differences-including, but not limited to, differences in method of administration, cannabis potency, or patterns of substance co-use-is a key challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kuhns
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emese Kroon
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Substance use and Addiction Research (CESAR), Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mahsoon AN, Almashat L, Alsubaui N, Hindi S, Alharbi S, Yaghmour S, Sharif L. Socio-Demographics of Initial Substance Use Exposure and Its Relation to Progression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e42795. [PMID: 37664346 PMCID: PMC10469902 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Empirical evidence on substance use in Saudi Arabia is lacking. This quantitative study is aimed at describing the socio-demographics of initial exposure to substance use and its relation to substance abuse progression. METHOD A questionnaire about socio-demographics during initial exposure to substance use was completed by 379 participants. RESULTS For most participants, the commencement of substance abuse occurred at the age range of 19‒23 years, and while in high school, they first started taking drugs with school friends. The two psychoactive substances most commonly taken for the first time were hashish and alcohol. The two main reasons for first drug exposure were teenage curiosity and joy-seeking. The chi-square test revealed statistically significant differences between substance abuse progression by sex, current age, father's education level, parent's marital status, and one's company in substance use. Female participants were more likely to continue taking drugs. CONCLUSION Young people must be educated about the risks and consequences of substance use from early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Nabil Mahsoon
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Lina Almashat
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Norah Alsubaui
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shahad Hindi
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shahad Alharbi
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sara Yaghmour
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Loujain Sharif
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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5
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McQuoid J, Lowery BC, Wright LS, Cohn AM. Outdoor Medical Cannabis Advertising in Oklahoma: Examining Regulatory Compliance and Social Meanings in Billboard Content. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1425-1437. [PMID: 37338932 PMCID: PMC11145737 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2223299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Medical cannabis currently dominates the U.S. cannabis advertising landscape. The public is increasingly exposed to outdoor cannabis advertising, which increases positive attitudes about and intentions to use cannabis. Research is lacking regarding outdoor cannabis advertising content. This article characterizes the content of outdoor cannabis advertising in Oklahoma, one of the fastest growing U.S. medical cannabis markets. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of cannabis advertising billboard images (n = 73) from Oklahoma City and Tulsa, photographed May 2019-November 2020. We followed a primarily inductive, iterative team approach to thematically analyze billboard content in NVIVO. We reviewed all images, identified a broad coding taxonomy, and then incorporated emergent codes and those related to advertising regulation (e.g. youth/children). We totaled frequencies of code application across billboards and reexamined billboards for final themes. Results: Major themes were social meanings related to cannabis subculture, formal medical systems, and nature, and the presence of company contact information. Minor themes related to convenience, price promotions, store proximity, U.S. affiliation, product quality, and spirituality. State advertising regulation violations were rare, with the exception of content that may promote curative or therapeutic effects (4%) and misrepresentation of product state of origin (1.4%). Conclusion: Outdoor medical cannabis advertising in Oklahoma blurs boundaries between formal medical discourses and cannabis subculture that is suspicious of messaging from authorities and regards cannabis as harmless and natural. Increased monitoring of advertising regulation compliance and greater understanding of social discourses within emerging markets is needed to promote public health within the context of cannabis advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia McQuoid
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine
| | - Bryce C. Lowery
- Christopher C. Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma
| | - LaNita S. Wright
- Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Kennesaw State University
| | - Amy M. Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine
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6
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Kroon E, Kuhns L, Colyer-Patel K, Filbey F, Cousijn J. Working memory-related brain activity in cannabis use disorder: The role of cross-cultural differences in cannabis attitudes. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13283. [PMID: 37252877 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis legislation and attitudes towards use are changing. Given that evidence from cultural neuroscience research suggests that culture influences the neurobiological mechanisms underlying behaviour, it is of great importance to understand how cannabis legislation and attitudes might affect the brain processes underlying cannabis use disorder. Brain activity of 100 dependent cannabis users and 84 controls was recorded during an N-back working memory (WM) task in participants from the Netherlands (NL; users = 60, controls = 52) and Texas, USA (TX; users = 40, controls = 32). Participants completed a cannabis culture questionnaire as a measure of perceived benefits (positive) and perceived harms (negative) of cannabis from their personal, friends-family's and country-state's perspectives. Amount of cannabis use (grams/week), DSM-5 CUD symptoms and cannabis use-related problems were assessed. Cannabis users self-reported more positive and less negative (personal and friends-family) cannabis attitudes than controls, with this effect being significantly larger in the TX cannabis users. No site difference in country-state attitudes was observed. TX cannabis users, compared with NL cannabis users, and those cannabis users perceiving more positive country-state attitudes showed a more positive association between grams/week and WM-related activity in the superior parietal lobe. NL cannabis users, compared with TX cannabis users, and those cannabis users with less positive personal attitudes showed a more positive association between grams/week and WM-load-related activity in the temporal pole. Both site and cultural attitudes moderated the association of quantity of cannabis use with WM- and WM-load-related activity. Importantly, differences in legislation did not align with perceived cannabis attitudes and appear to be differentially associated with cannabis use-related brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Kroon
- ADAPT-Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Kuhns
- ADAPT-Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karis Colyer-Patel
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Filbey
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Frank VA, Herold MD. Pushing boundaries or adding a gimmick to the party? Young people's experiences of nitrous oxide use in Denmark. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023:104020. [PMID: 37032283 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) use for intoxication among young people has increased in many parts of the Western world, including Denmark. The literature, however, primarily focusses on harms related to N2O use, and not on other aspects, for example modes of administration or effects such as different forms of pleasure or fun. Therefore, despite this increase, we still know very little about how and why young people use nitrous oxide for intoxication, including their experiences of N2O intoxication. Based on 45 qualitative interviews with young Danes age 18-25 years, who all were former or present N2O users, we explore their experiences of N2O intoxication. We do this by analyzing in-depth descriptions of where, how and with whom they use N2O. When analyzing these descriptions in relation to different modes of administration, intensity of use, combination with other substances (e.g. alcohol, cannabis), and use in different settings, we argue that N2O intoxication is experienced differently by the young participants. Some of the participants also searched for particular intoxication experiences with N2O. We unfold the participants' various descriptions of intoxication by differentiating between moderate and intensive use. Overall, our study shows that these differences in N2O use for intoxication are not equally risky or harmful. In general, young people's own perspectives and experiences with (illegal) drug use is increasingly emphasized as important to include when developing preventive interventions. Our analysis of the young participants' differing experiences with N2O for intoxication can inform future prevention initiatives in relation to harms of N2O intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke A Frank
- Research Centre for Management, Organisation and Social Sciences, VIA University College, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alsaleh M, Atyia N, Alsmakh M, Alfaraj A, Alkhunaizi A, Alwabari J, Alzaidi M. Family, Individual, and Other Risk Factors Contributing to Risk of Substance Abuse in Young Adults: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e32316. [PMID: 36505959 PMCID: PMC9731175 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder and the availability of certain over-the-counter drugs are worldwide issues that affect many individuals, both mentally and physically. As a result, the frequent use of this substance can lead to substance abuse. This phenomenon is also becoming more prevalent with time, and it does not differentiate between genders, ages, races, or religions. This review aimed to provide an overview of studies related to substance abuse, the individuals who tend to abuse these substances, and their risk factors. We also aimed to discuss, identify, and analyze the factors that increase the risk of substance abuse among young adults. We performed a thorough search for related studies using PubMed to provide a comprehensive review of the risk factors and side effects experienced by young adults. The selected indexing terms included "substance abuse,""risk factors," and "personality traits," among others. Information was gathered from relevant peer-reviewed publications, and thereafter refined, and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nawaf Atyia
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Ali Alfaraj
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Jalal Alwabari
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
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9
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Coret A, Rowan-Legg A. Unintentional cannabis exposures in children pre- and post-legalization: A retrospective review from a Canadian paediatric hospital. Paediatr Child Health 2022; 27:265-271. [PMID: 36016591 PMCID: PMC9394633 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Canada legalized recreational cannabis in October 2018. Cannabis is increasingly available in numerous forms-especially edibles-that make children vulnerable to unintentional intoxication. We sought to: determine the frequency of visits due to cannabis intoxication pre- and post-legalization; characterize the clinical features and circumstances of cannabis intoxication in the paediatric population; and create greater awareness among healthcare providers about this issue. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of Emergency Department visits at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Ottawa, ON) between March 2013 and September 2020. Inclusion criteria were: age <18 years; unintentional cannabis ingestion, identified by ICD-10 codes T40.7 and X42. We assessed basic demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, exposure details, investigations, and patient disposition. RESULTS A total of 37 patients (22 male) met inclusion criteria, mean age 5.9±3.8 years. Most visits (32; 86%) occurred in the 2-year period after legalization. Altered levels of consciousness, lethargy/somnolence, tachycardia, and vomiting were the most common presenting signs and symptoms. The majority of exposures were to edibles (28; 76%) in the home setting (30; 81%). Poison control and child protective services were involved in 19 (51%) and 22 (59%) of cases, respectively. Twelve patients (32%) required admission to the hospital, the majority of whom stayed <24 h. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm increased paediatric hospital visits related to unintentional cannabis exposures post-legalization. Consideration of this clinical presentation is critical for acute care providers. Advocacy for safe storage strategies and appropriate enforcement of marketing/packaging legislation are imperative for public health policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Coret
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Rowan-Legg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Baumbusch J, Sloan Yip I. Older adults experiences of using recreational cannabis for medicinal purposes following legalization. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 108:103812. [PMID: 35930902 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Legalization of recreational, or non-medical, cannabis in Canada in 2018 was followed by significant increase in use among older adults. Non-medical cannabis is often used medicinally in this population for issues such as pain, insomnia, and appetite stimulation. The purpose of this study was to explore new cannabis use among older adults within an evolving socio-legal context. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Normalization theory provided the theoretical foundation and qualitative description was the guiding methodology. A convenience sample of twelve participants (ten women, two men) aged 71 to 85 years old was recruited. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. RESULTS Findings illustrate factors that influenced participants' beliefs and contributed to their decisions to begin using cannabis in later life. The most important factor was legalization, which sparked a shift in beliefs around using cannabis and shaped the beginning of de-stigmatization around using this substance. Increasing acceptance in their social networks and visibility of cannabis in the media also informed decision-making. However, using cannabis for non-medicinal or social reasons remained stigmatized. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This research indicates that older adults' beliefs about cannabis use are shifting and this is likely related to legalization and broader social acceptance of cannabis. As a consequence, increased public health education is needed to improve health literacy about cannabis use during this stage of the life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Sloan Yip
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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11
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Pollard MA, Drakes DH, Harris N. Perceptions of the Risk and Social Acceptability of Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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12
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Søgaard TF, Lerkkanen T. Overview: Exploring the onto-politics of cannabis. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2021; 38:321-328. [PMID: 35308111 PMCID: PMC8899052 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211025847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition, use, policies, and the societal position of cannabis are
changing and diversifying internationally. Cannabis has emerged as an
object of much controversy and is subject to varying forms of
regulation. Its role and regulation are also debated in the Nordic
countries. To shed light on such developments, this special issue sets
out to explore how the phenomenon of cannabis, and related policies
and subjectivities, are currently made,
unmade, and transformed in
multiple ways through discourses, practices, and materiality, and with
different consequences.
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13
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Martínez-Vispo C, Dias PC. Risk Perceptions and Cannabis Use in a Sample of Portuguese Adolescents and Young Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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14
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Cousijn J, Núñez AE, Filbey FM. Time to acknowledge the mixed effects of cannabis on health: a summary and critical review of the NASEM 2017 report on the health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Addiction 2018; 113:958-966. [PMID: 29271031 PMCID: PMC9520128 DOI: 10.1111/add.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This is a summary and critical review of The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) report of cannabis’ health effects. The report stated that effects of cannabis are understudied and research findings are mixed. It concluded that the under developed evidence base poses a public health risk and rightly addressed complications of cannabis research that need to be collaboratively resolved. We support NASEM’s urgent call for research, but add that the mixed evidence base cannot be solely attributed to research limitations. Rather, we propose a need to acknowledge the heterogeneity in cannabis’ effects to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Cousijn
- ADAPT-lab, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Janna Cousijn, Ph.D., Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, P.O. box 15916, 1001NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián E. Núñez
- ADAPT-lab, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Laboratorio de Neuropsicología de las Adicciones, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, México
| | - Francesca M. Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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15
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Dupont HB, Candel MJJM, Lemmens P, Kaplan CD, van de Mheen D, De Vries NK. Stages of Change Model has Limited Value in Explaining the Change in Use of Cannabis among Adolescent Participants in an Efficacious Motivational Interviewing Intervention. J Psychoactive Drugs 2017; 49:363-372. [PMID: 28548619 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1325030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, a Dutch randomized controlled trial evaluating an intervention aimed at changing adolescents' cannabis use, called Moti-4, has shown its efficacy. A secondary analysis of the Moti-4 data investigated the process of change specified by the Stage of Change (SOC) model in cannabis use during the trial. Seventy-one Moti-4 participants and 60 controls were recruited for the study with a pre-test, post-test (T1), and six-month follow-up (T2). All participants showed signs of problematic cannabis use. No contribution of the Moti-4 intervention to a change in SOC between T1 and T2 was found. Although motivation for treatment and motivation for change can be conceived as independent predictors of treatment outcome, the SOC a person is in does not mediate the effect of the intervention on change in cannabis use. However, a reduction in cannabis use was associated with a positive change in "action willingness," in line with the SOC model. In contrast to model expectations, a higher score on "contemplation" is associated with a higher cannabis consumption. Results highlight both the limitations and usefulness of the SOC model. Future interventions may focus more on the stage of "action willingness," as well as on perceived social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans B Dupont
- a Moti-4 Research Project Coordinator, CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care , Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands.,b Manager, Addiction Prevention Department , Mondriaan , Heerlen , the Netherlands
| | - Math J J M Candel
- b Manager, Addiction Prevention Department , Mondriaan , Heerlen , the Netherlands
| | - Paul Lemmens
- c Professor, Statistical Department, CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care , Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands
| | - Charles D Kaplan
- d Assistant Professor, CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care , Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands
| | - Dike van de Mheen
- e Research Professor and Associate Dean of Research, Hamovitch Center for Science in the Human Services, School of Social Work , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,f Professor, Tranzo, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University , Tilburg , the Netherlands.,g Manager, Addiction Research Institute , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Nanne K De Vries
- h Dean, CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care , Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands
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Dahl SL, Demant J. “Don’t make too much fuss about it.” Negotiating adult cannabis use. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2017.1325444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silje Louise Dahl
- Department of Social Work, Volda University College, Volda, Norway, and
| | - Jakob Demant
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Holm S, Tolstrup J, Thylstrup B, Hesse M. Neutralization and glorification: Cannabis culture-related beliefs predict cannabis use initiation. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1087967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hakkarainen P, Karjalainen K, Raitasalo K, Sorvala VM. School’s in! Predicting teen cannabis use by conventionality, cultural disposition and social context. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1024611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Hakkarainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Alcohol and Drugs Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Karjalainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Alcohol and Drugs Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Alcohol and Drugs Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Sorvala
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Alcohol and Drugs Unit, Helsinki, Finland
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