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Shams S, Lubbad LI, Simjee SU, Jabeen A. N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide ameliorate inflammation and doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110741. [PMID: 37572504 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracyclin antibiotic used for the treatment of various cancers. Nephrotoxicity is among the serious side effects of DOX, therefore, DOX-induced nephrotoxic model has been widely used to study nephropathies. The objectives of this study is to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective effects of salicylic acid derivative, N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide (NA-2), in a rat model of DOX-induced nephrotoxicity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of NA-2 was manifested by whole blood oxidative burst and nitric oxide (NO) assays with no toxicity on normal human fibroblast (BJ) cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells, and normal monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. The in vivo study included five groups: Normal control, DOX (6 mg/kg DOX-i.v.via tail vein), NA-2 treated control-i.p., NA-2/DOX treated-i.p., and prednisolone/DOX treated. After 7 days of DOX administration, rats with urinary protein level of >50 mg/kg/day were selected. Treatment group rats received i.p. doses of NA-2 (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks with weekly monitoring of urinary protein excretion and body weights. mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Protein expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. NA-2 attenuated DOX-induced changes in serum and urine levels, and improved inflammatory profile of the renal tissue. Histopathological findings revealed protective effects of NA-2 showing lesser lesions. We conclude that NA-2 is able to protect against DOX-induced renal damage functionally, biochemically and histopathologically with corresponding improvement in the kidney inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidrah Shams
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Shabana U Simjee
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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2
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Mansoor F, Jabeen A, Shah SF, Simjee SU, Bano S, Faizi S. In-vitro inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF): a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:555-570. [PMID: 35951149 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex has an important role in immune system and its abnormal activation is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. The study reveals the anti-inflammatory effects of 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF). Here, we aimed to determine the inhibitory effects of 3,6-DHF on NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated components, thereby determining the signaling pathways involved in the inhibition. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified by chemiluminescence and Griess methods, respectively. Inflammatory cell model was induced in human leukemic monocytes (THP-1). mRNA levels were estimated through real-time RT-PCR, protein expressions were evaluated by protein slot blot and immunocytochemistry, MTT and alamar blue assays were employed for toxicity studies. The compound 3,6-DHF was found to be the potent inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting the molecules involve in its activation pathway. Anti-inflammatory effects were revealed by inhibition of ROS and NO, reduction in the transcription of caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and TLR-4 was observed along with the marked inhibition of NLRP3, IL-18, NF-κB and pNF-κB at translational level. 3,6-DHF was non-toxic on normal human fibroblast (BJ) and THP-1 cells and, could be a potential therapeutic agent in NLRP3 inflammasome driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Mansoor
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Farah Shah
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shabana U Simjee
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Samina Bano
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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3
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Discovery of Stylissatin A analogs potently exhibiting nitric oxide inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okoro EE, Maharjan R, Jabeen A, Ahmad MS, Azhar M, Shehla N, Zaman W, Shams S, Osoniyi OR, Onajobi FD, Choudhary MI. Isoflavanquinones from Abrus precatorius roots with their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112743. [PMID: 33962136 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical studies on the root of Abrus precatorius Linn. (Fabaceae), leads towards the identification of four undescribed (abruquinones M, N, O, and P), and seven known abruquinones, (abruquinones A, E, B, F, I, D, and G). Spectroscopic analyses (1D, and 2D NMR, HRESI-MS) were used in elucidating structures of the all compounds. Evaluation of anticancer activities of the isolated isoflavanquinones revealed that abruquinones M, and N showed cytotoxicity against oral CAL-27 (IC50 values 6.48 and 5.26 μM, respectively), and colon (Caco-2) cell lines (IC50 values 15.79 and 10.33 μM, respectively). Abruquinone M also inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) with IC50 of 31.33 μM. The isolated isoflavanquiones also showed potent anti-inflammatory potential through phagocyte oxidative burst and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α inhibition in vitro. These findings suggest isoflavanquinones from A. precatorius roots as candidates for further research in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka E Okoro
- Biochemistry Department, Babcock University Ilishan-Remo, Ikeja, PMB 21244, Nigeria; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Biology Department, Adventist University of West Africa, Monrovia, Liberia.
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Malik Shoaib Ahmad
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Azhar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Shehla
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Shams
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Omolaja R Osoniyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Funmilayo D Onajobi
- Biochemistry Department, Babcock University Ilishan-Remo, Ikeja, PMB 21244, Nigeria
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Salar U, Khan KM, Jabeen A, Hussain S, Faheem A, Naqvi F, Perveen S. Diversified Thiazole Substituted Coumarins and Chromones as Non- Cytotoxic ROS and NO Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190611155218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin,
indomethacin, flufenamic acid and phenylbutazone are used to treat most of the inflammatory
disorders. These NSAIDs are also associated with serious side effects including gastric ulceration,
nephrotoxicity, and bleeding, mainly due to acidic nature. Hence, there is a need to identify highly
potent and safer treatment for inflammatory disorders.
Methods:
Herein, synthetic hydrazinyl thiazole substituted coumarins and chromones 1-48 were
evaluated for ROS inhibitory activity. ROS were generated from zymosan activated whole blood
phagocytes.
Results:
Among all tested compounds, compounds 1 (IC50 = 38.3 ± 7.1 μM), 2 (IC50 = 5.7 ±
0.2 μM), 5 (IC50 = 28.3 ± 3.5 μM), 23 (IC50 = 12.5 ± 3.1 μM), 27 (IC50 = 32.8 ± 1.1 μM), 39 (IC50 =
20.2 ± 1.6 μM), and 42 (IC50 = 43.2 ± 3.8 μM) showed potent ROS inhibition as compared to
standard ibuprofen (IC50 = 54.3 ± 1.9 μM). Whereas, compounds 3 (IC50 = 134.7 ± 1.0 μM), 16
(IC50 = 75.4 ± 7.2 μM), 24 (IC50 = 102.4 ± 1.0 μM), and 31 (IC50 = 86.6 ± 1.5 μM) were found to be
moderately active. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 23, 27, 39, and 42, having potent ROS inhibitory activity
were also screened for their nitric oxide (NO) inhibition. Cytotoxicity was also checked for all active
compounds on NIH-3T3 cell line. Cyclohexamide (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.02 μM) was used as standard.
Conclusion:
Identified active compounds from these libraries may serve as lead candidates for future
research in order to obtain a more potent, and safer anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Salar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shafquat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Naqvi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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Okoro EE, Osoniyi OR, Jabeen A, Shams S, Choudhary MI, Onajobi FD. Anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory activities of fractions from methanol root extract of Abrus precatorius L. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abrus precatorius possesses various therapeutic properties including anticancer potentials. This study evaluated the anti-proliferative activities of fractions of methanol root extract of A. precatorius on breast and cervical cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effect. Phytochemical screening was done by FTIR and GCMS. In vitro anti-proliferative effect was evaluated on human breast cancer (AU565) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and on murine fibroblast (NIH 3 T3) cells. Antioxidant activity was performed via DPPH radical scavenging assay. The immunomodulatory potential of fractions was evaluated by inhibition of phagocytes oxidative burst (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α.
Results
A. precatorius fractions showed different chemical groups and were somewhat selective in antiproliferative activity against studied cancer cells. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 18.10 μg/mL and 11.89 μg/mL against AU565 and HeLa cells respectively. Hexane fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited HeLa cells (IC50 18.24 ± 0.16 μg/mL), whereas aqueous fraction showed mild inhibition (IC50 46.46 ± 0.14 μg/mL) on AU565 cell proliferation. All fractions showed no cytotoxicity against NIH-3 T3 murine fibroblast normal cells. All fractions showed potent and significant (p < 0.001) DPPH radical scavenging activity as well as suppressed phagocytic oxidative burst. Hexane (< 1 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL), and butanol (5.74 μg/mL) fractions potently inhibited the cytokine TNF- α, hexane (< 1 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL) fractions also potently inhibited NO.
Conclusions
The antiproliferative activities and suppressive effect on the phagocytic oxidative burst, NO and proinflammatory cytokine might be due to the synergistic actions of bioactive compounds especially flavonoids present in the assayed fractions and therefore, suggest chemotherapeutic use of A. precatorius in cancer treatment.
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Verma G, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM, Akhter M, Shaquiquzzaman M. A Review Exploring Therapeutic Worth of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tailored Compounds. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:477-509. [PMID: 30324877 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181015152433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
1,3,4-Oxadiazole, a five-membered aromatic ring can be seen in a number of synthetic molecules. The peculiar structural feature of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with pyridine type of nitrogen atom is beneficial for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives to have effective binding with different enzymes and receptors in biological systems through numerous weak interactions, thereby eliciting an array of bioactivities. Research in the area of development of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives has become an interesting topic for the scientists. A number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds with high therapeutic potency are being extensively used for the treatment of different ailments, contributing to enormous development value. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive review highlighting current developments of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds in the entire range of medicinal chemistry such as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents. It is believed that this review will be of great help for new thoughts in the pursuit for rational designs for the development of more active and less toxic 1,3,4-oxadiazole based medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohemmed F Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Siddiqui H, Haniffa HM, Jabeen A, -Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. Sulphamethazine derivatives as immunomodulating agents: New therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208933. [PMID: 30566465 PMCID: PMC6300282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) (1) is an antibacterial sulfa drug which suppresses the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. It is used for the treatment of infections in livestock; such as gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections. During the current study, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of immunomodulatory activities of derivatives of sulfamethazine (SMZ) (3-39) was carried out. These derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of sulfamethazine with a range of acid chlorides. All the compounds were characterized by using modern spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H-, and 13C-NMR, EI-MS, and HRFAB-MS. Compounds 3-10, 14, and 15 were identified as new compounds. Immunomodulatory effect of compounds 3-39 on different parameters of innate immune response was evaluated, including the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from human whole blood and isolated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All the new compounds, except 14 and 15, showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 3-39 were also evaluated for their anti-bacterial activity and cytotoxicity (3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines). All the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic against normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Haroon M. Haniffa
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atta-ur -Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Arshia, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Khan KM, Shah S, Perveen S. Benzophenone Esters and Sulfonates: Synthesis and their Potential as Antiinflammatory Agents. Med Chem 2018; 15:162-174. [PMID: 30081790 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180806114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a biological rejoinder of vascular tissues against destructive agents e.g. irritants, damaged cell or pathogens. During inflammation, respiratory burst occurs by activated phagocytes which help to destroy invading pathogens. Phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Normally, the redox environment is maintained by various antioxidant defense systems, however, these reactive oxygen species may be destructive and can lead to various pathological conditions. METHODS Benzophenone esters and sulfonates (1-18) were synthesized through one pot synthesis by reacting 4-hydroxy benzophenone either different benzoyl chloride or sulfonyl chloride. These synthetic compounds were evaluated for their in vitro immunosuppressive potential on two parameters of innate immune response including inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). ROS were induced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from human whole blood by serum opsonized zymosan stimulation, whereas NO were produced in J774.2 cells by lipopolysachharides (LPS) stimulation. Moreover, cytotoxicity of compounds was also determined using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells (ATCC, Manassas, USA) was evaluated by using the standard MTT colorimetric assay. RESULTS All compounds inhibited the production of ROS at various extent among which compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 16 were found to be the potent inhibitors of ROS with IC50 values ranging between (1.0 - 2.2 µg/mL) as compared to ibuprofen (IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.6 µg/mL) as the standard drug. Compounds 2, 7, 11, 13, 14 and 18 showed good inhibition of NO production with % inhibition values ranging between (63.6% - 76.7%) at concentration of 25 µg/mL as compared to NG-monomethyl-Larginine (L-NMMA 65.6 ± 1.1 µg/mL) as the standard. All other derivatives showed moderate to low level of inhibition on both tested parameters. Cytotoxicity activity also showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds. Structures of all the synthetic compounds were confirmed through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and HREI-MS spectroscopic techniques. CONCLUSION Compounds 2 and 13 were found to be good dual antiinflammatory (ROS and NO) agent. However, compounds 5, 6, 8, 10 and 16 were found to be selectively active for ROS inhibitory studies. Compounds 7, 11, 14 and 18 were discriminatory active at NO inhibition assay. These initial findings of antiinflammatory activity concluded that these compounds might have the potential to develop a novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-acidic antiinflammatory agent. Most active compounds 2, 5-8, 10, 13, 14 and 16 showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Shah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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10
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Ahmad MS, Yousuf S, Jabeen A, Choudhary MI. Biotransformation of anabolic compound methasterone with Macrophomina phaseolina, Cunninghamella blakesleeana, and Fusarium lini, and TNF-α inhibitory effect of transformed products. Steroids 2017; 128:75-84. [PMID: 28404456 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of methasterone (1) was investigated with Macrophomina phaseolina, Cunninghamella blakesleeana, and Fusarium lini. Biotransformation of 1 with M. phaseolina yielded metabolite 2, while metabolites 3-7 were obtained from the incubation of 1 with C. blakesleeana. Metabolites 8-13 were obtained through biotransformation with F. lini. All metabolites, except 13, were found to be new. Methasterone (1) and its metabolites 2-6, 9, 10, and 13 were then evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects against TNF-α, NO, and ROS production. Among all tested compounds, metabolite 6 showed a potent inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (IC50=8.1±0.9μg/mL), as compared to pentoxifylline used as a standard (IC50=94.8±2.1μg/mL). All metabolites were also evaluated for the inhibition of NO production at concentration of 25μg/mL. Metabolites 6 (86.7±2.3%) and 13 (62.5±1.5%) were found to be the most potent inhibitors of NO as compared to the standard NG-monomethyl-l-arginine acetate (65.6±1.1%). All metabolites were found to be non-toxic against PC3, HeLa, and 3T3 cell lines. Observed inhibitory potential of metabolites 6 and 13 against pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, as well as NO production makes them interesting leads for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Shoaib Ahmad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Boraei ATA, El Ashry ESH, Barakat A, Ghabbour HA. Synthesis of New Functionalized Indoles Based on Ethyl Indol-2-carboxylate. Molecules 2016; 21:333. [PMID: 26978331 PMCID: PMC6273620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful alkylations of the nitrogen of ethyl indol-2-carboxylate were carried out using aq. KOH in acetone. The respective N-alkylated acids could be obtained without separating the N-alkylated esters by increasing the amount of KOH and water. The use of NaOMe in methanol led to transesterification instead of the alkylation, while the use of NaOEt led to low yields of the N-alkylated acids. Hydrazinolysis of the ester gave indol-2-carbohydrazide which then was allowed to react with different aromatic aldehydes and ketones in ethanol catalyzed by acetic acid. Indol-2-thiosemicarbazide was used in a heterocyclization reaction to form thiazoles. The new structures were confirmed using NMR, mass spectrometry and X-ray single crystal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T A Boraei
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - El Sayed H El Ashry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Assem Barakat
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Khan KM, Mesaik MA, Abdalla OM, Rahim F, Soomro S, Halim SA, Mustafa G, Ambreen N, Khalid AS, Taha M, Perveen S, Alam MT, Hameed A, Ul-Haq Z, Ullah H, Rehman ZU, Siddiqui RA, Voelter W. The immunomodulation potential of the synthetic derivatives of benzothiazoles: Implications in immune system disorders through in vitro and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2016; 64:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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El Ashry ESH, Boraei ATA, Duerkop A. Synthesis and Regioselectivity in the Alkylation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazolethiones with Dihaloalkanes and Epichlorohydrin. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- El Sayed H. El Ashry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed T. A. Boraei
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - Axel Duerkop
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo and Biosensors; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 Regensburg 93053 Germany
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Adhikari A, Vohra MI, Jabeen A, Dastagir N, Choudhary MI. Anti-inflammatory Steroidal Alkaloids from Sarcococca wallichii of Nepalese Origin. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-assay guided isolation from the plant Sarcococca wallichii Staph. yielded two new steroidal alkaloids: wallichimine A (1) and wallichimine B (2), and five known ones: sarcodinine (3), N-methylpachysamine A (4), alkaloid C (5), dictyophlebine (6), and sarcorine (7). The structures of the compounds were determined using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The immunomodulatory potential of compounds was evaluated on different parameters including production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and on proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of intracellular ROS produced from isolated neutrophils, except compound 5, which showed a moderate level of inhibition. Compounds 2 and 4 potently inhibited the production of NO (67.9% and 62.5% respectively). Compound 2 showed potent suppression on production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (76.7%). Among all the tested compounds the new compound 2 was found to be the most potent immunosuppressive agent. This study shows that steroidal alkaloids could be lead compounds for anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyut Adhikari
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Ismail Vohra
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Dastagir
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
- Department of Bio-chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21412, Saudi Arabia
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Choudhary MI, Khan N, Ahmad M, Yousuf S, Fun HK, Soomro S, Asif M, Mesaik MA, Shaheen F. New inhibitors of ROS generation and T-cell proliferation from Myrtus communis. Org Lett 2013; 15:1862-5. [PMID: 23550772 DOI: 10.1021/ol4002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on Myrtus communis Linn. afforded myrtucommuacetalone (1) with an unprecedented carbon skeleton and a new phloroglucinol-type compound, myrtucommulone M (2), along with four known constituents 3-6. Their structures were established by extensive analyses of NMR and mass spectral data as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. These constituents were evaluated for their ability to modulate the immune response, based on their effects on various components of immune system. Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited significant inhibitory effect against nitric oxide (NO(•)) production. Compound 1 also exhibited significant antiproliferative activity (IC50 < 0.5 μg/mL) against T-cell proliferation. Myricetin (3) exerted a significant inhibition (IC50 = 1.6 μg/mL) on zymosan-stimulated whole blood phagocytes ROS production. Compounds 1 and 3 were active against PMA-stimulated ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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