1
|
Ibrahim ARS, Mansour MK, Ahmed MMA, Ulber R, Zayed A. Metabolism of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds in Cunninghamella fungi and their applications in drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106801. [PMID: 37643568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of xenobiotic metabolism is a key step for drug discovery. Since the in vivo investigations may be associated with harmful effects attributed to production of toxic metabolites, it is deemed necessary to predict their structure especially at the preliminary clinical studies. Furthermore, the application of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing drugs mimic human metabolism and consequently may predict possible metabolites. The genus Cunninghamella has been proven to be a potential candidate, which mimics xenobiotic metabolism occurring inside the human body, including phase I and II metabolic reactions. Moreover, biotransformation with Cunninghamella showed chemical diversity, where a lot of products were detected in relation to the initial substrates after being modified by oxidation, hydroxylation, and conjugation reactions. Some of these products are more bioactive than the parent compounds. The current review presents a comprehensive literature overview regarding the Cunninghamella organisms as biocatalysts, which simulate mammalian metabolism of natural secondary and synthetic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahim S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 11553, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding HY, Wang TY, Wu JY, Zhang YR, Chang TS. Novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins from the biotransformation-guided purification of a commercial Ganoderma extract. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:402-410. [PMID: 36889998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma sp. contains high amounts of diverse triterpenoids; however, few triterpenoid saponins could be isolated from the medicinal fungus. To produce novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins, biotransformation-guided purification (BGP) process was applied to a commercial Ganoderma extract. The commercial Ganoderma extract was partially separated into three fractions by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and the separated fractions were then directly biotransformed by a Bacillus glycosyltransferase (BsUGT489). One of the biotransformed products could be further purified and identified as a novel saponin: ganoderic acid C2 (GAC2)-3-O-β-glucoside by nucleic magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectral analyses. Based on the structure of the saponin, the predicted precursor should be the GAC2, which was confirmed to be biotransformed into four saponins, GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside, GAC2-3,15-O-β-diglucoside and two unknown GAC2 monoglucosides, revealed by NMR and mass spectral analyses. GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside and GAC2-3,15-O-β-diglucoside possessed 17-fold and 200-fold higher aqueous solubility than that of GAC2, respectively. In addition, GAC2-3-O-β-glucoside retained the most anti-α-glucosidase activity of GAC2 and was comparable with that of the anti-diabetes drug (acarbose). The present study showed that the BGP process is an efficient strategy to survey novel and bioactive molecules from crude extracts of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiou-Yu Ding
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 892, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Rong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gazioglu I, Zengin OS, Gunaydin Akyildiz A, Zengin Kurt B. Fungal biotransformation of carvone and camphor by Aspergillus flavus and investigation of cytotoxic activities of naturally obtained essential oils. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:944-955. [PMID: 35899398 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2098957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the biotransformation of carvone and camphor by Aspergillus flavus and the products were investigated. The biotransformation reaction of carvone by A. flavus resulted in the production of neodihydrocarveol, dihydrocarvone, 2-cyclohexene-1-one,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl), limonene-1,2-diol, trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, p-menth-8(10)-ene-2,9-diol, and the biotransformation reaction of camphor resulted in the production of 2 -campholenic acid, 2-cyclohexene-1-one,2-hydroxy-4,4,6,6-tetramethyl, α-campholene aldehyde. The naturally produced essential oils by biotransformation of carvone and camphor were observed to be cytotoxic to breast cancer cells while no significant inhibition was seen in the healthy cell line. Additionally, biotransformation products had the highest inhibition (74%) against aflatoxin B1. The bioactivities of biotransformation products are promising, and they can be further investigated for their therapeutic potential as active agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isil Gazioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Sultan Zengin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Gunaydin Akyildiz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Belma Zengin Kurt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang Y, Wang Z, Shi Y, Liu F, Wang J, Yang T, Xin Y, Gu Z, Zhang L. Efficient Biotransformation of Sclareol to Sclareolide by Filobasidium magnum JD1025. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1184-1196. [PMID: 36342623 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a newly isolated strain Filobasidium magnum JD1025 was investigated for its production of sclareolide, which was verified to be a valuable raw material in various industrial fields. Together with a comprehensive analysis of the genome sequence, effective fermentation method to convert sclareol to sclareolide via the isolated strain was explored and optimized by taking the selected co-solvent and nitrogen source into account. The results showed that the final conversion rate could be achieved at 88.79 ± 1.06% with the initial sclareol concentration of 30 g·L-1 after 72 h in baffled flask. The corresponding yield concentration of sclareolide was 21.62 ± 0.26 g·L-1 and the conversion rate per unit thallus attained to 6.11 ± 0.06 % g-1·L-1. Overall, the current study suggested a valid method for the application of Filobasidium magnum JD1025 as bio-transformer to produce sclareolide from sclareol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Technology Innovation Center of Special Food for State Market Regulation, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A New Stilbene Glucoside from Biotransformation-Guided Purification of Chinese Herb Ha-Soo-Oh. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172286. [PMID: 36079669 PMCID: PMC9460137 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ha-Soo-Oh is a traditional Chinese medicine prepared from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The herb extract has been widely used in Asian countries as a tonic agent and nutritional supplement for centuries. To identify new bioactive compounds in Chinese herbs, the biotransformation-guided purification (BGP) process was applied to Ha-Soo-Oh with Bacillus megaterium tyrosinase (BmTYR) as a biocatalyst. The result showed that a major biotransformed compound could be purified using the BGP process with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and it was confirmed as a new compound, 2,3,5,3′,4′-pentahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (PSG) following mass and nucleic magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses. PSG was further confirmed as a biotransformation product from 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (TSG) by BmTYR. The new PSG exhibited 4.7-fold higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity than that of TSG. The present study highlights the potential usage of BGP in herbs to discover new bioactive compounds in the future.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ivshina IB, Luchnikova NA, Maltseva PY, Ilyina IV, Volcho KP, Gatilov YV, Korchagina DV, Kostrikina NA, Sorokin VV, Mulyukin AL, Salakhutdinov NF. Biotransformation of (–)-Isopulegol by Rhodococcus rhodochrous. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080964. [PMID: 36015112 PMCID: PMC9412403 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus to biotransform the monoterpenoid (–)-isopulegol has been established for the first time. R. rhodochrous strain IEGM 1362 was selected as a bacterium capable of metabolizing (–)-isopulegol to form new, previously unknown, 10-hydroxy (2) and 10-carboxy (3) derivatives, which may presumably have antitumor activity and act as respiratory stimulants and cancer prevention agents. In the experiments, optimal conditions were selected to provide the maximum target catalytic activity of rhodococci. Using up-to-date (TEM, AFM-CLSM, and EDX) and traditional (cell size, roughness, and zeta potential measurements) biophysical and microbiological methods, it was shown that (–)-isopulegol and halloysite nanotubes did not negatively affect the bacterial cells. The data obtained expand our knowledge of the biocatalytic potential of rhodococci and their possible involvement in the synthesis of pharmacologically active compounds from plant derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina B. Ivshina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Str., 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(342)-2808114; Fax: +7-(342)-2809211
| | - Natalia A. Luchnikova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Str., 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia;
| | - Polina Yu. Maltseva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Ilyina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Yurii V. Gatilov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Dina V. Korchagina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kostrikina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 60 let Oktyabrya, 7, bld. 2, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.K.); (V.V.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Vladimir V. Sorokin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 60 let Oktyabrya, 7, bld. 2, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.K.); (V.V.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Andrey L. Mulyukin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 60 let Oktyabrya, 7, bld. 2, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.K.); (V.V.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alves ALV, da Silva LS, Faleiros CA, Silva VAO, Reis RM. The Role of Ingenane Diterpenes in Cancer Therapy: From Bioactive Secondary Compounds to Small Molecules. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenes are a class of critical taxonomic markers of the Euphorbiaceae family, representing small compounds (eg, molecules) with a wide range of biological activities and multi-target therapeutic potential. Diterpenes can exert different activities, including antitumor and multi-drug resistance-reversing activities, and antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, mainly due to their great structural diversity. In particular, one polycyclic skeleton has been highlighted: ingenane. Besides this natural diterpene, promising polycyclic skeletons may be submitted to chemical modification—by in silico approaches, chemical reactions, or biotransformation—putatively providing more active analogs (eg, ingenol derivatives), which are currently under pre-clinical investigation. This review outlines the current mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic implications of ingenol diterpenes as small cancer molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura V. Alves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Luciane S. da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Camila A. Faleiros
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Viviane A. O. Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Application of Biotransformation-Guided Purification in Chinese Medicine: An Example to Produce Butin from Licorice. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are considered treasures in biotechnology; however, in the past, the process of discovering bioactive compounds is time consuming, and the purification and validation of the biofunctions and biochemistry of compounds isolated from a medicinal herb are tedious tasks. In this study, we developed an economical process called biotransformation-guided purification (BGP), which we applied to analyze licorice, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in many therapies. This medicinal herb contains various flavonoids and triterpenoids and, thus, is a suitable material used to assess the ability of BGP to identify and produce bioactive compounds. In the BGP process, the ethyl acetate extract of a commercial licorice medicine was partially purified into three fractions by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and Bacillus megaterium tyrosinase (BmTYR) was used to catalyze the biotransformation of the extract from each fraction. One of the products produced via BmTYR-driven biotransformation was purified from the biotransformation-positive extract using preparative C-18 high-performance liquid chromatography, and it was identified as butin (3′-hydroxyliquiritigenin) through nucleic magnetic resonance and mass spectral analyses. Butin was produced from liquiritigenin through BmTYR-catalyzed hydroxylation, with commercial liquiritigenin as the biotransformation precursor. The proposed alternative approach quickly identified and isolated the biotransformed butin from licorice. Moreover, butin demonstrated an antioxidant activity that is stronger by over 100-fold compared with that of its precursor (liquiritigenin). This study showed that the economical BGP process could quickly obtain and validate bioactive molecules from crude extracts of medicinal herbs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ganesan V, Kim JJ, Shin J, Park K, Yoon S. Efficient Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Regeneration with a Rhodium-Carbene Catalyst and Isolation of a Hydride Intermediate. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5683-5690. [PMID: 35389623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been the primary interest in the field of enzymatic transformation, especially associating oxidoreductases given the stoichiometric consumption. The synthesized carbene-ligated rhodium complex [(η5-Cp*)Rh(MDI)Cl]+ [Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; MDI = 1,1'-methylenebis(3,3'-dimethylimidazolium)] acts as an exceptional catalyst in the reduction of NAD+ to NADH with a turnover frequency of 1730 h-1, which is over twice that of the higher catalytic activity of the commercially available catalyst [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Offsetting the contentious atmosphere currently taking place over the specific intermediate of the NADH regeneration, this study presents pivotal evidence of a metal hydride intermediate with a bis(carbene) ligand: a stable form of the rhodium hydride intermediate, [(η5-Cp*)Rh(MDI)H]+, was isolated and fully characterized. This enables thorough insight into the possible mechanism and exact intermediate structure in the NAD+ reduction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinothkumar Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Juhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongcheol Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aminudin NI, Ridzuan M, Susanti D, Zainal Abidin ZA. Biotransformation of sesquiterpenoids: a recent insight. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:103-145. [PMID: 33783284 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1906657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids have been identified as natural compounds showing remarkable biological activities found in medicinal plants. There is great interest in developing methods to obtain sesquiterpenoids derivatives and biotransformation is one of the alternative methods for structural modification of complex sesquiterpenes structures. Biotransformation is a great drug design tool offering high selectivity and green method. The present review describes a comprehensive summary of biotransformation products of sesquiterpenoids and its structural modification utilizing a variety of biocatalysts including microorganisms, plant tissue culture and enzymes. This review covers recent literatures from 2007 until 2020 and highlights the experimental conditions for each biotransformation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Iman Aminudin
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Ridzuan
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| | - Zaima Azira Zainal Abidin
- Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park J, Han F, Lee IS. Biotransformation of (-)-α-Bisabolol by Absidia coerulea. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030881. [PMID: 35164145 PMCID: PMC8840173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(−)-α-Bisabolol, a bioactive monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, has been used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and skin-caring properties. However, the poor water solubility of (−)-α-bisabolol limits its pharmaceutical applications. It has been recognized that microbial transformation is a very useful approach to generate more polar metabolites. Fifteen microorganisms were screened for their ability to metabolize (−)-α-bisabolol in order to obtain its more polar derivatives, and the filamentous fungus Absidia coerulea was selected for scale-up fermentation. Seven new and four known metabolites were obtained from biotransformation of (−)-α-bisabolol (1), and all the metabolites exhibited higher aqueous solubility than that of the parent compound 1. The structures of newly formed metabolites were established as (1R,5R,7S)- and (1R,5S,7S)-5-hydroxy-α-bisabolol (2 and 3), (1R,5R,7S,10S)-5-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (4), (1R,7S,10S)-1-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (5), 12-hydroxy-α-bisabolol (7), (1S,3R,4S,7S)- and (1S,3S,4S,7S)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-bisabolol (8 and 10) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. These compounds could also be used as reference standards for the detection and identification of the metabolic products of 1 in the mammalian system.
Collapse
|
12
|
Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid G by Bacillus Glycosyltransferases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189744. [PMID: 34575908 PMCID: PMC8468440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus abundant in triterpenoids, its primary bioactive components. Although numerous Ganoderma triterpenoids have already been identified, rare Ganoderma triterpenoid saponins were recently discovered. To create novel Ganoderma saponins, ganoderic acid G (GAG) was selected for biotransformation using four Bacillus glycosyltransferases (GTs) including BtGT_16345 from the Bacillus thuringiensis GA A07 strain and three GTs (BsGT110, BsUGT398, and BsUGT489) from the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain. The results showed that BsUGT489 catalyzed the glycosylation of GAG to GAG-3-o-β-glucoside, while BsGT110 catalyzed the glycosylation of GAG to GAG-26-o-β-glucoside, which showed 54-fold and 97-fold greater aqueous solubility than that of GAG, respectively. To our knowledge, these two GAG saponins are new compounds. The glycosylation specificity of the four Bacillus GTs highlights the possibility of novel Ganoderma triterpenoid saponin production in the future.
Collapse
|
13
|
A multi-enzyme cascade reaction for the production of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids from free fatty acids. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Gkantzou E, Chatzikonstantinou AV, Fotiadou R, Giannakopoulou A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Trends in the development of innovative nanobiocatalysts and their application in biocatalytic transformations. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107738. [PMID: 33775799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing demand for cost-effective and innocuous biocatalytic transformations has prompted the rational design and development of robust biocatalytic tools. Enzyme immobilization technology lies in the formation of cooperative interactions between the tailored surface of the support and the enzyme of choice, which result in the fabrication of tremendous biocatalytic tools with desirable properties, complying with the current demands even on an industrial level. Different nanoscale materials (organic, inorganic, and green) have attracted great attention as immobilization matrices for single or multi-enzymatic systems. Aiming to unveil the potentialities of nanobiocatalytic systems, we present distinct immobilization strategies and give a thorough insight into the effect of nanosupports specific properties on the biocatalysts' structure and catalytic performance. We also highlight the development of nanobiocatalysts for their incorporation in cascade enzymatic processes and various types of batch and continuous-flow reactor systems. Remarkable emphasis is given on the application of such nanobiocatalytic tools in several biocatalytic transformations including bioremediation processes, biofuel production, and synthesis of bioactive compounds and fine chemicals for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Renia Fotiadou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang TS, Chiang CM, Wu JY, Tsai YL, Ting HJ. Production of a new triterpenoid disaccharide saponin from sequential glycosylation of ganoderic acid A by 2 Bacillus glycosyltransferases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:687-690. [PMID: 33580686 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is a lanostane-type triterpenoid, isolated from medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum, and possesses multiple bioactivities. In the present study, GAA was sequentially biotransformed by 2 recently discovered Bacillus glycosyltransferases (GT), BtGT_16345 and BsGT110, and the final product was purified and identified as a new compound, GAA-15,26-O-β-diglucoside, which showed 1024-fold aqueous solubility than GAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Chiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Tsai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ju Ting
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The genus Porophyllum (family Asteraceae) is native to the western hemisphere, growing in tropical and subtropical North and South America. Mexico is an important center of diversification of the genus. Plants belong of genus Porophyllum have been used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat kidney and intestinal diseases, parasitic, bacterial, and fungal infections and anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. In this sense, several trials have been made on its chemical and in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities. These studies were carried on the extracts and isolated compounds and support most of their reported uses in folk medicine as antifungal, antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and burn repair activities, and as a potential source of new class of insecticides. Bio guided phytochemical studies showed the isolation of thiophenes, terpenes and phenolics compounds, which could be responsible for the pharmacological activities. However, more pre-clinical assays that highlight the mechanisms of action of the compounds involved in pharmacological function are lacking. This review discusses the current knowledge of their chemistry, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities carried out on the plants belonging to the Porophyllum genus.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gozari M, Alborz M, El-Seedi HR, Jassbi AR. Chemistry, biosynthesis and biological activity of terpenoids and meroterpenoids in bacteria and fungi isolated from different marine habitats. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112957. [PMID: 33160760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment with its vast biological diversity encompasses many organisms that produce bioactive natural products. Marine microorganisms are rich sources of compounds from many structural classes with a multitude of biological activities. The biosynthesis of microbial natural products depends on a variety of biotic and abiotic factors in the marine environment, including temperature, nutrients, salinity and interaction with other microorganisms. Terpenoids, as one of the most important groups of natural products in terrestrial microorganisms are important metabolites for marine microorganisms. Here, we have reviewed the chemistry, biosynthesis and pharmacological activities of terpenoids, extracted from marine microbes, and then survey their potential applications in drug development. We also discussed the different habitats in which marine microorganisms are found including sediments, the flora, such as seaweeds, sea grasses, and mangroves as well as the fauna like sponges and corals. Amongst these habitats, marine sediments are the major source for terpenoids producing microorganisms. The marine bacteria produce mostly meroterpenoids, while the fungi are well known for production of isoprenoids. Interestingly, marine-derived microbial terpenoids have some structural characteristics such as halogenation, which are catalyzed by specific enzymes with distinct substrate specificity. These compounds have anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties. The information collected here might provide useful clues for developing new medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gozari
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Alborz
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Amir Reza Jassbi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
In Vitro Enzymatic Conversion of Glibenclamide Using Squalene Hopene Cyclase from Pseudomonas mendocina Expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:456-465. [PMID: 32757148 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Squalene hopene cyclases catalyse the conversion of a linear substrate squalene to a cyclic product with high stereo-selectivity.The enzyme squalene hopene cyclase from Pseudomonas mendocina expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) was evaluated for its synthetic drug transforming ability. Nine synthetic drugs were selected as substrates for biotransformation reactions by the enzyme. The homology modelling of the protein and docking of the selected ligands were performed using GOLD suite docking software. The drug which showed maximum binding with the active-site residues of the enzyme was selected for biotransformation studies. On transformation with the enzyme, Glibenclamide, the selected antidiabetic drug alone showed significant changes in the FT/IR spectra; hence, it was selected for LCMS analysis to confirm the transformations. From the chromatogram and MS spectra, the mono-oxygenation of the product due to the enzymatic activity was confirmed. The drug transforming ability of the purified SHC could be used as an ideal tool for the generation of new and active substrate derivatives.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cano-Flores A, Gómez J, S. Escalona-Torres I, Velasco-Bejarano B. Microorganisms as Biocatalysts and Enzyme Sources. Microorganisms 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
20
|
Chang TS, Wang TY, Hsueh TY, Lee YW, Chuang HM, Cai WX, Wu JY, Chiang CM, Wu YW. A Genome-Centric Approach Reveals a Novel Glycosyltransferase from the GA A07 Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Responsible for Catalyzing 15- O-Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid A. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5192. [PMID: 31635144 PMCID: PMC6829469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain GA A07 was identified as an intestinal Bacillus bacterium of zebrafish, which has high efficiency to biotransform the triterpenoid, ganoderic acid A (GAA), into GAA-15-O-β-glucoside. To date, only two known enzymes (BsUGT398 and BsUGT489) of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 strain can biotransform GAA. It is thus worthwhile to identify the responsible genes of strain GA A07 by whole genome sequencing. A complete genome of strain GA A07 was successfully assembled. A phylogenomic analysis revealed the species of the GA A07 strain to be Bacillus thuringiensis. Forty glycosyltransferase (GT) family genes were identified from the complete genome, among which three genes (FQZ25_16345, FQZ25_19840, and FQZ25_19010) were closely related to BsUGT398 and BsUGT489. Two of the three candidate genes, FQZ25_16345 and FQZ25_19010, were successfully cloned and expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli, and the corresponding proteins, BtGT_16345 and BtGT_19010, were purified for a biotransformation activity assay. An ultra-performance liquid chromatographic analysis further confirmed that only the purified BtGT_16345 had the key biotransformation activity of catalyzing GAA into GAA-15-O-β-glucoside. The suitable conditions for this enzyme activity were pH 7.5, 10 mM of magnesium ions, and 30 °C. In addition, BtGT_16345 showed glycosylation activity toward seven flavonoids (apigenein, quercetein, naringenein, resveratrol, genistein, daidzein, and 8-hydroxydaidzein) and two triterpenoids (GAA and antcin K). A kinetic study showed that the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of BtGT_16345 was not significantly different compared with either BsUGT398 or BsUGT489. In short, this study identified BtGT_16345 from B. thuringiensis GA A07 is the catalytic enzyme responsible for the 15-O-glycosylation of GAA and it was also regioselective toward triterpenoid substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Mei Chuang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Xuan Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan.
| | - Jiumn-Yih Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County 892, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Min Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, No. 60, Erh-Jen Rd., Sec. 1, Jen-Te District, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sultana N, Qazi MS, Kamal M. New Anti-inflammatory Triterpene Esters and Glycosides from Alstonia scholaris. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:370-386. [PMID: 31339078 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190724122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemical studies on the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Alstonia scholaris lead to the isolation of two new triterpenoid of the lanostanetype, lanosta 5ene,24-ethyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), lanosta,5ene,24-ethyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosideester (2) and new ursane type triterpenoidmethylester, 12-ursene-2,3,18,19-tetrol,28 acetate (nighascholarene) (3), together with seven known triterpenes, betuline, triterpene of the lupane type, alstoprenyol (4), 3β-hydroxy-28-β-acetoxy-5-olea triterpene (5),α-amyrin acetate (6), α-amyrin (7), lupeol acetate (8), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4,12,28-triene triterpene (9) and ursolic acid (l0). METHODOLOGY The triterpenoid structures of these colorless compounds were deduced from the 1H and 13C-NMR data, and in particular from the application of two-dimensional 1H, 13C correlation experiments as well as by comparison with reported literature data. CONCLUSION This study deals with isolation and structural elucidation of natural new triterpenoidesters and glycosides with anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Qazi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Biotransformation of Ganoderic Acid A to 3-O-Acetyl Ganoderic Acid A by Soil-isolated Streptomyces sp. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum contains many bioactive triterpenoids, ganoderic acid A (GAA) being one of the major ones. The present study explored the microbial biotransformation of GAA, isolating 283 strains of soil actinomycetes and determining their abilities to biotransform GAA with ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. One positive strain, AI 045, was selected to validate the biotransformation activity. The strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on the sequenced 16S rRNA gene. The produced compound obtained from the biotransformation of GAA was purified with the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography method and identified as 3-O-acetyl GAA based on mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The present study is the first report that bacteria have the novel ability to biotransform the triterpenoids of fungus G. lucidum. Moreover, the identified 3-O-acetyl GAA is a new triterpenoid product discovered in microbes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Uridine Diphosphate-Dependent Glycosyltransferases from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Catalyze the 15- O-Glycosylation of Ganoderic Acid A. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113469. [PMID: 30400606 PMCID: PMC6275011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis ATCC (American type culture collection) 6633 was found to biotransform ganoderic acid A (GAA), which is a major lanostane triterpenoid from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Five glycosyltransferase family 1 (GT1) genes of this bacterium, including two uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes, BsUGT398 and BsUGT489, were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the two purified UGT proteins biotransform ganoderic acid A into a metabolite, while the other three purified GT1 proteins cannot biotransform GAA. The optimal enzyme activities of BsUGT398 and BsUGT489 were at pH 8.0 with 10 mM of magnesium or calcium ion. In addition, no candidates showed biotransformation activity toward antcin K, which is a major ergostane triterpenoid from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea. One biotransformed metabolite from each BsUGT enzyme was then isolated with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated metabolite from each BsUGT was identified as ganoderic acid A-15-O-β-glucoside by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two BsUGTs in the present study are the first identified enzymes that catalyze the 15-O-glycosylation of triterpenoids.
Collapse
|
24
|
New Triterpenoid from Novel Triterpenoid 15- O-Glycosylation on Ganoderic Acid A by Intestinal Bacteria of Zebrafish. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092345. [PMID: 30217066 PMCID: PMC6225395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional bacteria that could biotransform triterpenoids may exist in the diverse microflora of fish intestines. Ganoderic acid A (GAA) is a major triterpenoid from the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. In studying the microbial biotransformation of GAA, dozens of intestinal bacteria were isolated from the excreta of zebrafish. The bacteria's ability to catalyze GAA were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. One positive strain, GA A07, was selected for functional studies. GA A07 was confirmed as Bacillus sp., based on the DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. The biotransformed metabolite was purified with the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography method and identified as GAA-15-O-β-glucoside, based on the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The present study is the first to report the glycosylation of Ganoderma triterpenoids. Moreover, 15-O-glycosylation is a new microbial biotransformation of triterpenoids, and the biotransformed metabolite, GAA-15-O-β-glucoside, is a new compound.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The biotransformation of antcin K, a major ergostane triterpenoid from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea, by Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) ATCC 6633 was studied. Four metabolites from the biotransformation were isolated with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and identified as 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside, 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside, 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside, and 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside with mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis. By using either 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside or 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside as the biotransformation precursor, it was proven that 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside and 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-(6′-O-succinyl)-glucoside were biotransformed from 25S-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside and 25R-antcin K 26-O-β-glucoside, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the glycosylation of triterpenoids from A. cinnamomea, and the first time the succinylation of triterpenoid glycosides by microorganisms has been found. In addition, all four antcin K glucoside derivatives are new compounds.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sultana N. Microbial biotransformation of bioactive and clinically useful steroids and some salient features of steroids and biotransformation. Steroids 2018; 136:76-92. [PMID: 29360535 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are perhaps one of the most widely used group of drugs in present day. Beside the established utilization as immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, progestational, diuretic, sedative, anabolic and contraceptive agents, recent applications of steroid compounds include the treatment of some forms of cancer, osteoporosis, HIV infections and treatment of declared AIDS. Steroids isolated are often available in minute amounts. So biotransformation of natural products provides a powerful means in solving supply problems in clinical trials and marketing of the drug for obtaining natural products in bulk amounts. If the structure is complex, it is often an impossible task to isolate enough of the natural products for clinical trials. The microbial biotransformation of steroids yielded several novel metabolites, exhibiting different activities. The metabolites produced from pregnenolone acetate by Cunning hamella elegans and Rhizopus stolonifer were screened against tyrosinase and cholinesterase showed significant inhibitory activities than the parent compound. Diosgenin and its transformed sarsasapogenin were screened for their acetyl cholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Sarsasapogenin was screened for phytotoxicity, and was found to be more active than the parent compound. Diosgenin, prednisone and their derivatives were screened for their anti-leishmanial activity. All derivatives were found to be more active than the parent compound. The biotransformation of steroids have been reviewed to a little extent. This review focuses on the biotransformation and functions of selected steroids, the classification, advantages and agents of enzymatic biotransformation and examines the potential role of new enzymatically transformed steroids and their derivatives in the chemoprevention and treatment of other diseases. tyrosinase and cholinesterase inhibitory activities, severe asthma, rheumatic disorders, renal disorders and diseases of inflammatory bowel, skin, gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Sultana
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Off University Road, Karachi 75280, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Sousa IP, Sousa Teixeira MV, Jacometti Cardoso Furtado NA. An Overview of Biotransformation and Toxicity of Diterpenes. Molecules 2018; 23:E1387. [PMID: 29890639 PMCID: PMC6100218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenes have been identified as active compounds in several medicinal plants showing remarkable biological activities, and some isolated diterpenes are produced at commercial scale to be used as medicines, food additives, in the synthesis of fragrances, or in agriculture. There is great interest in developing methods to obtain derivatives of these compounds, and biotransformation processes are interesting tools for the structural modification of natural products with complex chemical structures. Biotransformation processes also have a crucial role in drug development and/or optimization. The understanding of the metabolic pathways for both phase I and II biotransformation of new drug candidates is mandatory for toxicity and efficacy evaluation and part of preclinical studies. This review presents an overview of biotransformation processes of diterpenes carried out by microorganisms, plant cell cultures, animal and human liver microsomes, and rats, chickens, and swine in vivo and highlights the main enzymatic reactions involved in these processes and the role of diterpenes that may be effectively exploited by other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid P de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040903, Brazil.
| | - Maria V Sousa Teixeira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040903, Brazil.
| | - Niege A Jacometti Cardoso Furtado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghasemi S, Habibi Z, Mohajeri M, Yousefi M. Biotransformation of two furanocoumarins by the fungi species Aspergillus sp. PTCC 5266 and Aspergillus niger PTCC 5010. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:835-842. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1413563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University , Ilam, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Pure Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohajeri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Pure Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Biotransformation of Ergostane Triterpenoid Antcin K from Antrodia cinnamomea by Soil-Isolated Psychrobacillus sp. AK 1817. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
30
|
Basso AV, Nicotra VE, Parra A, Martínez A, Fernández-Vivas A. Biotransformation of Salpichrolides A, C, and G by Three Filamentous Fungi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1658-67. [PMID: 27285201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of salpichrolide A (1) with Rhizomucor miehei produced hydroxylation in rings B and C (C-7 and C-12) and led to C-5-C-6 epoxide opening, while incubation of salpichrolides C (2) and G (3) with R. miehei led to epoxide opening at the C-24-C-25 and C-5-C-6 positions, respectively. Biotransformation of salpichrolide A (1) with Cunninghamella elegans produced stereoselective hydroxylated, oxidized, and reduced derivatives in different positions of the A, B, and C rings and C-5-C-6 epoxide opening. In addition, selective epoxide opening at the C-5-C-6 or C-24-C-25 positions was obtained from the incubation of salpichrolide A (1) with Curvularia lunata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Basso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana E Nicotra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|