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Akhgarjand C, Vahabi Z, Shab-Bidar S, Etesam F, Djafarian K. Effects of probiotic supplements on cognition, anxiety, and physical activity in subjects with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1032494. [PMID: 36389063 PMCID: PMC9647197 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1032494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been suggested as an effective adjuvant treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to their modulating effect on the gut microbiota, which may affect the gut-brain axis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of two different single-strain probiotics on cognition, physical activity, and anxiety in subjects with mild and moderate AD. Eligible patients (n = 90) with AD were randomly assigned to either of two interventions [Lactobacillus rhamnosus HA-114 (1015 CFU) or Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (1015 CFU)] or placebo group, receiving probiotic supplement twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was cognitive function measured by using the two tests, namely, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the categorical verbal fluency test (CFT). Secondary outcomes included a performance in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the independent effects of probiotics on clinical outcomes. After 12 weeks, MMSE significantly improved cognition (P Interaction < 0.0001), with post hoc comparisons identifying significantly more improvement in the B. longum intervention group (differences: 4.86, 95% CI: 3.91-5.81; P < 0.0001) compared with both the placebo and L. rhamnosus intervention groups (differences: 4.06, 95% CI: 3.11-5.01; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two intervention groups (differences: -0.8, 95% CI: -1.74 to 0.14; P = 0.09). In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that 12-week probiotic supplementation compared with placebo had beneficial effects on the cognition status of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camellia Akhgarjand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Geriatric, Ziaeeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Etesam
- Sina MS Research Center, Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Magnante AT, Ord AS, Holland JA, Sautter SW. Neurocognitive functioning of patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35931087 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder commonly associated with motor deficits. However, cognitive impairment is also common in patients with PD. Cognitive concerns in PD may affect multiple domains of neurocognition and vary across different stages of the disease. Extant research has focused mainly on cognitive deficits in middle to late stages of PD, whereas few studies have examined the unique cognitive profiles of patients with early-stage PD. This study addressed this gap in the published literature and examined neurocognitive functioning and functional capacity of patients with de novo PD, focusing on the unique pattern of cognitive deficits specific to the early stage of the disease. Results indicated that the pattern of cognitive deficits in patients with PD (n = 55; mean age = 72.93) was significantly different from healthy controls (n = 59; mean age = 71.88). Specifically, tasks related to executive functioning, attention, and verbal memory demonstrated the most pronounced deficits in patients with early-stage PD. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Theresa Magnante
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Anna Shirokova Ord
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Jamie A Holland
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Scott W Sautter
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
- Hampton Roads Neuropsychology Inc., Virginia Beach, VA, USA
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León-Cabrera P, Pagonabarraga J, Morís J, Martínez-Horta S, Marín-Lahoz J, Horta-Barba A, Bejr-Kasem H, Kulisevsky J, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Neural signatures of predictive language processing in Parkinson's disease with and without mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2021; 141:112-127. [PMID: 34049254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), with some PD patients meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). An unaddressed question is whether linguistic prediction is preserved in PD. This ability is nowadays deemed crucial for achieving fast and efficient comprehension, and it may be negatively impacted by cognitive deterioration in PD. To fill this gap of knowledge, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate mechanisms of linguistic prediction in a sample of PD patients (on dopamine compensation) with and without MCI. To this end, participants read sentence contexts that were predictive or not about a sentence-final word. The final word appeared after one sec, matching or mismatching the prediction. The introduction of the interval allowed to capture neural responses both before and after sentence-final words, reflecting semantic anticipation and semantic processing. PD patients with normal cognition (N = 58) showed ERP responses comparable to those of matched controls. Specifically, in predictive contexts, a slow negative potential developed prior to sentence-final words, reflecting semantic anticipation. Later, expected words elicited reduced N400 responses (compared to unexpected words), indicating facilitated semantic processing. PD patients with MCI (N = 20) showed, in addition, a prolongation of the N400 congruency effect (compared to matched PD patients without MCI), indicating that further cognitive decline impacts semantic processing. Finally, lower verbal fluency scores correlated with prolonged N400 congruency effects and with reduced pre-word differences in all PD patients (N = 78). This relevantly points to a role of deficits in temporal-dependent mechanisms in PD, besides prototypical frontal dysfunction, in altered semantic anticipation and semantic processing during sentence comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia León-Cabrera
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit (CBPU), Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Joaquín Morís
- Department of Educational and Evolutive Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Saül Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Helena Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit (CBPU), Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Isaacs ML, McMahon KL, Angwin AJ, Copland DA. The Suppression of Irrelevant Semantic Representations in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 12:511. [PMID: 30723399 PMCID: PMC6349768 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of lexical-semantic inhibition mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a source of contention. In order to observe whether people with PD are able to suppress irrelevant semantic information during picture naming, the present study employed an object-based negative priming paradigm with 16 participants with PD and 13 healthy controls. The task required participants to name a red target image while ignoring a superimposed, green distractor image. The semantic relationship between the distractor image and the target image of the subsequent trial was manipulated, such that the distractor image was identical, semantically related, or semantically unrelated to said target image. The PD group and the control group were slower in naming a target image that had previously served as a distractor image, relative to naming a target image that was unrelated to the previous distractor image. Thus, a negative priming effect was present in both groups. Furthermore, no significant difference in the magnitude of this effect was observed between the control and PD groups. When considered in the context of existing literature surrounding negative priming in PD, these results suggest that inhibition is subserved by multiple, domain-specific mechanisms and that the inhibitory processing of visual-semantic stimuli is intact in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Isaacs
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Angwin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David A. Copland
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Angwin AJ, Dissanayaka NNW, McMahon KL, Silburn PA, Copland DA. Lexical ambiguity resolution during sentence processing in Parkinson's disease: An event-related potential study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176281. [PMID: 28475582 PMCID: PMC5419504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to investigate lexical ambiguity resolution during sentence processing in 16 people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 16 healthy controls. Sentences were presented word-by-word on computer screen, and participants were required to decide if a subsequent target word was related to the meaning of the sentence. The task consisted of related, unrelated and ambiguous trials. For the ambiguous trials, the sentence ended with an ambiguous word and the target was related to one of the meanings of that word, but not the one captured by the sentence context (e.g., 'He dug with the spade', Target 'ACE'). Both groups demonstrated slower reaction times and lower accuracy for the ambiguous condition relative to the unrelated condition, however accuracy was impacted by the ambiguous condition to a larger extent in the PD group. These results suggested that PD patients experience increased difficulties with contextual ambiguity resolution. The ERP results did not reflect increased ambiguity resolution difficulties in PD, as a similar N400 effect was evident for the unrelated and ambiguous condition in both groups. However, the magnitude of the N400 for these conditions was correlated with a measure of inhibition in the PD group, but not the control group. The ERP results suggest that semantic processing may be more compromised in PD patients with increased response inhibition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Angwin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadeeka N. W. Dissanayaka
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A. Silburn
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A. Copland
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive-linguistic impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been well documented; however, few studies have explored the neurophysiological underpinnings of semantic deficits in PD. This study investigated semantic function in PD using event-related potentials. METHODS Eighteen people with PD and 18 healthy controls performed a semantic judgement task on written word pairs that were either congruent or incongruent. RESULTS The mean amplitude of the N400 for new incongruent word pairs was similar for both groups, however the onset latency was delayed in the PD group. Further analysis of the data revealed that both groups demonstrated attenuation of the N400 for repeated incongruent trials, as well as attenuation of the P600 component for repeated congruent trials. CONCLUSIONS The presence of N400 congruity and N400 repetition effects in the PD group suggests that semantic processing is generally intact, but with a slower time course as evidenced by the delayed N400. Additional research will be required to determine whether N400 and P600 repetition effects are sensitive to further cognitive decline in PD. (JINS, 2017, 23, 78-89).
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Miller N. Speech, voice and language in Parkinson’s disease: changes and interventions. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY This article covers recent developments in the understanding of communication changes in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and selected issues in intervention. By contrast to earlier narrow considerations of voice and speech, the effects on communication of cognitive–linguistic and prosody perception and production are also highlighted. Decline can occur from the earliest stages, even when listeners perceive no frank changes. Communication may be relatively trouble-free in one-to-one quiet clinical situations but declines in multi-talker, dual/competing task situations. Assessment should reflect this to gain more accurate insights into daily living performance. Currently, therapies focusing on attention-to-effort in voice production and on monitoring the sense of effort and loudness production appear to be most successful. Medical and surgical treatments have little effect on intelligibility and communication and may even exacerbate the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Miller
- Institute of Health & Society, Speech & Language Sciences, George VI Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Arnott WL, Copland DA, Chenery HJ, Murdoch BE, Silburn PA, Angwin AJ. The influence of dopamine on automatic and controlled semantic activation in Parkinson's disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2011; 2011:157072. [PMID: 22135759 PMCID: PMC3216283 DOI: 10.4061/2011/157072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Two semantic priming
tasks, designed to isolate automatic and
controlled semantic activation, were utilized to
investigate the impact of dopamine depletion on
semantic processing in Parkinson's disease
(PD). Seven people with PD (tested whilst on and
off levodopa medication) and seven healthy
adults participated in the study. The healthy
adult participants demonstrated intact automatic
and controlled semantic activation. Aberrant
controlled semantic activation was observed in
the PD group on levodopa; however, automatic
semantic activation was still evident. In
contrast, automatic semantic activation was not
evident in the PD group off levodopa. These
results further clarify the impact of PD on
semantic processing, demonstrating that dopamine
depletion can cause disturbances in both
automatic and controlled semantic
activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Arnott
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Abstract
The distribution of item generation/time in the performance of elderly on verbal
fluency (VF) remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Jacuviske Venegas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Speech Pathology and Occupational Therapy of Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Lessa Mansur
- Department of Physiotherapy, Speech Pathology and Occupational Therapy of Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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