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Moon S, Yun B, Lee M, Seok E, Ha J, Yang H. Gonadotropins Regulate the mRNA Expression of Gonadotropin-Releasing
Hormone and Its Receptors in the Mouse Ovary and Uterus. Dev Reprod 2024; 28:1-12. [PMID: 38654976 PMCID: PMC11034991 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2024.28.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a critical hormone produced in the hypothalamus, is essential for regulating reproductive processes. It has also been demonstrated the presence of GnRH and its receptors (GnRHR) in ovarian and uterine tissues, but little was known about the regulation mechanism of their expression in these organs and ovarian aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GnRHR in the ovary and uterus of mice, particularly after high-dose gonadotropin treatments and in relation to aging. Quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that pituitary gland had the highest GnRHR expression in both young and aged mice. In addition, liver expression was higher in young mice, whereas thymus expression was higher in aged mice. GnRHR mRNA was present in the ovaries of both young and aged mice but nearly undetectable in the uterus of aged mice. We next examined the expression of GnRHR in the ovary and uterus in response to high-dose administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). After PMSG administration, GnRH mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the ovary but increased in the uterus. The expression of GnRH mRNA in these organs showed opposite trends to that of GnRHR expression. These results suggest the involvement of GnRH in age-related reproductive decline and the potential effects of high-dose gonadotropin treatments on reproductive organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Moon
- Department of Bioenvironmental
Technology, College of Sciences Technology Convergence, Seoul Women’s
University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Bokyeong Yun
- Department of Bioenvironmental
Technology, College of Sciences Technology Convergence, Seoul Women’s
University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental
Technology, College of Sciences Technology Convergence, Seoul Women’s
University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Eunji Seok
- Department of Biohealth Convergence,
College of Sciences Technology Convergence, Seoul Women’s
University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Jinah Ha
- Department of Biohealth Convergence,
College of Sciences Technology Convergence, Seoul Women’s
University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Department of Biohealth Convergence,
College of Sciences Technology Convergence, Seoul Women’s
University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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Ou Z, Du J, Liu N, Li J, Lin X. Effects of reduced follicle-stimulating hormone dosage before human chorionic gonadotropin trigger on in vitro fertilization outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:612. [PMID: 37626299 PMCID: PMC10464310 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a reduced dose of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger during ovarian stimulation can affect in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. METHODS This study included 347 patients with a normal ovarian response who received a reduced dose of FSH before hCG trigger for 2-3 days (Group A) and 671 patients who did not receive a reduced dose (Group B) from a university-affiliated IVF center between January 2021 and December 2022. The primary endpoint was estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P) levels on the day of hCG trigger, fresh embryo transfer cycles, laboratory outcomes, and clinical outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS On the day of hCG trigger, Group A had significantly lower E2 and P levels than those in Group B (3454.95 ± 1708.14 pg/mL versus 3798.70 ± 1774.26 pg/mL, p = 0.003; and 1.23 ± 0.53 ng/mL versus 1.37 ± 0.59 ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). The proportion of patients with P levels ≥ 1.5 ng/mL was 22.48% in Group A compared to 34.58% in Group B (p < 0.001), while the proportion of patients with E2 ≥ 5000 pg/mL was 15.27% in Group A compared to 25.93% in Group B (p < 0.001). The fresh embryo-transfer cycle rate in Group A was higher than that in group B (54.47% and 32.64%, respectively; p < 0.001). Despite the reduction in FSH dosage, there were no significant differences between groups regarding the number of oocytes retrieved, total number of mature oocytes, normal fertilization rate, cleavage rate, Day 3 top-quality rate, implantation rate, pregnancy rate per cycle, and early pregnancy loss rate. CONCLUSION While a reduced dose of FSH prior to hCG trigger during ovarian stimulation did not significantly affect IVF outcomes, it was associated with lower E2 and P levels, resulting in fewer cycles with E2 ≥ 5000 pg/mL and P ≥ 1.5 ng/mL on the day of the hCG trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Ou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, 6 Chenggui Road, East District, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, 6 Chenggui Road, East District, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Nengqing Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, 6 Chenggui Road, East District, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieliang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, 6 Chenggui Road, East District, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, 6 Chenggui Road, East District, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Whang J, Ahn C, Kim S, Seok E, Yang Y, Han G, Jo H, Yang H. Effects of Repeated Ovarian Stimulation on Ovarian Function and Aging
in Mice. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:213-223. [PMID: 35141447 PMCID: PMC8807135 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is routinely used in the in
vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles to increase
the number of retrieved mature oocytes. However, the relationship between
repeated COH and ovarian function is still controversial. Therefore, we
investigated whether repeated ovarian stimulation affects ovarian aging and
function, including follicular development, autophagy, and apoptosis in
follicles. Ovarian hyperstimulation in mice was induced by intraperitoneal
injection with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG). Mice subjected to ovarian stimulation once were used as a
control group and 10 times as an experimental group. Repeated injections with
PMSG and hCG significantly reduced the number of primary follicles compared to a
single injection. The number of secondary and antral follicles increased
slightly, while the number of corpus luteum increased significantly with
repeated injections. On the other hand, repeated injections did not affect
apoptosis in follicles associated with follicular atresia. The expression of
autophagy-related genes Atg5, Atg12,
LC3B, and Beclin1, cell
proliferation-related genes mTOR, apoptosis-related genes
Fas, and FasL was not significantly
different between the two groups. In addition, the expression of the
aging-related genes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and
AMH were also not significantly different. In this study,
we demonstrated that repeated ovarian stimulation in mice affects follicular
development, but not autophagy, apoptosis, aging in ovary. These results suggest
that repetition of COH in the IVF-ET cycle may not result in ovarian aging, such
as a decrease in ovarian reserve in adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Whang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Cheyoung Ahn
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Eunji Seok
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yunjeong Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Haeun Jo
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University,
Seoul 01797, Korea
- Corresponding author Hyunwon Yang, Dept. of
Bioenvironmental Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797,
Korea. Tel: +82-2-970-5662, Fax:
+82-2-970-5974 E-mail:
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Zhang T, Wang HB, Zhong ZT, Li CQ, Chen W, Liu B, Zhao YD. A smartphone-based rapid quantitative detection platform for lateral flow strip of human chorionic gonadotropin with optimized image algorithm. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Vermey BG, Chua SJ, Zafarmand MH, Wang R, Longobardi S, Cottell E, Beckers F, Mol BW, Venetis CA, D'Hooghe T. Is there an association between oocyte number and embryo quality? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:751-763. [PMID: 31540848 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the association between aspirated after ovarian stimulation and top/good quality embryos obtained in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for English-language publications on top/good-quality embryos at cleavage (day 2/3) and/or blastocyst (day 5/6) developmental stages, up to 18 November 2017. Twenty-eight studies (three prospective and 25 retrospective) reporting data on 291,752 assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles were considered eligible. We confirmed a strong positive association between oocytes retrieved and top/good-quality day 2/3 embryos (weighted correlation coefficient [rw] = 0.791), day 5/6 embryos (rw = 0.901), metaphase II oocytes (rw = 0.988), oocytes exhibiting two pronuclei (rw = 0.987) and euploid embryos (rw = 0.851); P < 0.001 for all correlations (evaluated in subsets of the 17 studies). Data from 5657 cycles showed that the group with the most oocytes aspirated had the most top/good-quality day 2/3 embryos (pooled standardized mean differences (high [>15] versus low [<4] 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.77, P < 0.0001; high versus medium [4-15] 1.15, 95% CI 0.74-1.55, P < 0.0001; medium versus low 1.41, 95% CI 0.79-2.03, P < 0.0001). Individual participant meta-analysis would enable accurate determination of these associations and other outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda G Vermey
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales NSW, Australia.
| | - Su Jen Chua
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Wang
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ben W Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos A Venetis
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales NSW, Australia; Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales NSW, Australia
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Bushaqer N, Mohawash W, Alrakaf F, Algaffli M, Rawah H, Dayoub N, Ayoub H, Alasmari N. Progesterone level significance in agonist versus antagonist protocols. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Wang AC, Wang Y, Wu FX, Zhu DY. Assessing predictors for the success of GnRH antagonist protocol in reproductive women in IVF/ICSI - in fresh cycles. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:482-486. [PMID: 29181162 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors that affect the success rate of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the factors that influence the outcomes, such as oocytes retrieved, and the success of pregnancy. The results showed that E2, P on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved (P=0.001, P=0.024, P=0.017, respectively). The duration of infertility as well as the luteinizing hormone on HCG day were negatively correlated with the number of oocytes (P=0.048, P=0.002, respectively). The age of the women and P on HCG day were negatively correlated with successful pregnancy (P<0.001, P=0.022). In conclusion, some parameters, such as E2, P, and LH on the HCG day, as well as age and BMI, may affect treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Cong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xia Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yi Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
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Vanni VS, Somigliana E, Reschini M, Pagliardini L, Marotta E, Faulisi S, Paffoni A, Vigano’ P, Vegetti W, Candiani M, Papaleo E. Top quality blastocyst formation rates in relation to progesterone levels on the day of oocyte maturation in GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176482. [PMID: 28520729 PMCID: PMC5435161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycles with progesterone elevation during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for IVF/ICSI are commonly managed with a "freeze-all" strategy, due to a well-recognized detrimental effect of high progesterone levels on endometrial receptivity. However, also a detrimental effect of elevated progesterone on day-3 embryo quality has recently been found with regards to top quality embryo formation rate. Because blastocyst culture and cryopreservation are largely adopted, we deemed relevant to determine whether this detrimental effect is also seen on blastocyst quality on day 5-6. This issue was investigated through a large two-center retrospective study including 986 GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles and using top quality blastocyst formation rate as the main outcome. Results showed that on multivariate analysis sperm motility (p<0.01) and progesterone levels at ovulation triggering (p = 0.01) were the only two variables that significantly predicted top quality blastocyst formation rate after adjusting for relevant factors including female age, BMI, basal AMH and total dose of FSH used for COS. More specifically, progesterone levels at induction showed an inverse relation with top quality blastocyst formation (correlation coefficient B = -1.08, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.02) and ROC curve analysis identified P level >1.49 ng/ml as the best cut-off for identification of patients at risk for the absence of top quality blastocysts (AUC 0.55, p<0.01). Our study is the first to investigate the top quality blastocyst formation rate in relation to progesterone levels in IVF/ICSI cycles, showing that increasing progesterone is associated with lower rates of top quality blastocyst. Hence, the advantages of prolonging COS to maximize the number of collected oocytes might eventually be hindered by a decrease in top quality blastocysts available for transfer, if increasing progesterone levels are observed. This observation extends the results of two recent studies focused on day-3 embryos and deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Vanni
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Somigliana
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Reschini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Pagliardini
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Marotta
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Faulisi
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Paffoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Vigano’
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - W. Vegetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Candiani
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Papaleo
- Centro Scienze Natalità, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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