Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)

Genetic diversity and population structure of Cirrhinus mrigala revealed by mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene

The genetic diversity and population structure of Cirrhinus mrigala were studied using partial mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene. 155 individuals were collected from six distant rivers of peninsular India. A total of 11 haplotypes were found with haplotype diversity value of 0.46711 and nucleotide diversity 0.00154 indicating a low degree of genetic divergence among populations. The result of AMOVA analysis also revealed that 97.53% of the genetic variation contained within populations and 2.47% occurred among populations. An overall fixation index was found to be 0.02466 (p < .05). Pairwise Fst analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between the Kaveri and rest of the populations. The minimum spanning tree of the haplotype data demonstrated a common ancestral origin of the mrigal populations in peninsular rivers. From the overall results of the present study it may be inferred that mrigal population in peninsular India have low genetic differentiation. This information would be very essential for setting up of genetic improvement programmes, effective management, and conservation of natural genetic resources of mrigal.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of E. suratensis revealed by next generation sequencing

The complete mitochondrial genome of Etroplus suratensis, the Green chromide cichlid, was determined for the first time through NGS method. The genome is 16,467 bp (Accession no. KU301747) in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region. Organization of genes and their order are in accordance with other vertebrates. The overall base composition on plus strand was A: 28.3%, G: 15.2%, C: 30.9%, T: 25.6%, and the A + T content 53.9%. The control region contains a putative termination-associated sequence and three conserved sequence blocks. This mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in population genetics and phylogenetics of cichlid fish of India.

The Whole Genome Assembly and Comparative Genomic Research of Thellungiella parvula (Extremophile Crucifer) Mitochondrion

The complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of an extremophile species Thellungiella parvula (T. parvula) have been determined with the lengths of 255,773 bp. T. parvula mt genome is a circular sequence and contains 32 protein-coding genes, 19 tRNA genes, and three ribosomal RNA genes with a 11.5% coding sequence. The base composition of 27.5% A, 27.5% T, 22.7% C, and 22.3% G in descending order shows a slight bias of 55% AT. Fifty-three repeats were identified in the mitochondrial genome of T. parvula, including 24 direct repeats, 28 tandem repeats (TRs), and one palindromic repeat. Furthermore, a total of 199 perfect microsatellites have been mined with a high A/T content (83.1%) through simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis and they were distributed unevenly within this mitochondrial genome. We also analyzed other plant mitochondrial genomes' evolution in general, providing clues for the understanding of the evolution of organelles genomes in plants. Comparing with other Brassicaceae species, T. parvula is related to Arabidopsis thaliana whose characters of low temperature resistance have been well documented. This study will provide important genetic tools for other Brassicaceae species research and improve yields of economically important plants.

The complete mitochondrial genome of mud carp Cirrhinus molitorella (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cirrhinus molitorella was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence is 16,602 bp in length. It consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 2 non-coding regions. Overall base composition of mitogenome is estimated to be 32.32% for A, 15.26% for G, 25.00% for T, 27.41% for C, respectively, with a high A + T content (57.32%). The control region contains a dinucleotide repeat motif, (TA)12, a termination-associated sequence and three conserved sequence blocks. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of C. molitorella can provide a basic data for the studies on population structure, molecular systematic, stock evaluation and conservation genetics. It is also helpful to develop the rational management strategies for C. molitorella resource.