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Deng X, Zhang M, Zhou J, Xiao M. Next-generation sequencing for MRD monitoring in B-lineage malignancies: from bench to bedside. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:50. [PMID: 36057673 PMCID: PMC9440501 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) is considered the strongest relevant predictor of prognosis and an effective decision-making factor during the treatment of hematological malignancies. Remarkable breakthroughs brought about by new strategies, such as epigenetic therapy and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapy, have led to considerably deeper responses in patients than ever, which presents difficulties with the widely applied gold-standard techniques of MRD monitoring. Urgent demands for novel approaches that are ultrasensitive and provide sufficient information have put a spotlight on high-throughput technologies. Recently, advances in methodology, represented by next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based clonality assays, have proven robust and suggestive in numerous high-quality studies and have been recommended by some international expert groups as disease-monitoring modalities. This review demonstrates the applicability of NGS-based clonality assessment for MRD monitoring of B-cell malignancies by summarizing the oncogenesis of neoplasms and the corresponding status of immunoglobulin (IG) rearrangements. Furthermore, we focused on the performance of NGS-based assays compared with conventional approaches and the interpretation of results, revealing directions for improvement and prospects in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.,Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.,Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.,Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. .,Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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2
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Mikocziova I, Peres A, Gidoni M, Greiff V, Yaari G, Sollid LM. Germline polymorphisms and alternative splicing of human immunoglobulin light chain genes. iScience 2021; 24:103192. [PMID: 34693229 PMCID: PMC8517844 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inference of germline polymorphisms in immunoglobulin genes from B cell receptor repertoires is complicated by somatic hypermutations, sequencing/PCR errors, and by varying length of reference alleles. The light chain inference is particularly challenging owing to large gene duplications and absence of D genes. We analyzed the light chain cDNA sequences from naïve B cell receptor repertoires from 100 individuals. We optimized light chain allele inference by tweaking parameters of the TIgGER functions, extending the germline reference sequences, and establishing mismatch frequency patterns at polymorphic positions to filter out false-positive candidates. We identified 48 previously unreported variants of light chain variable genes. We selected 14 variants for validation and successfully validated 11 by Sanger sequencing. Clustering of light chain 5'UTR, L-PART1, and L-PART2 revealed partial intron retention in 11 kappa and 9 lambda V alleles. Our results provide insight into germline variation in human light chain immunoglobulin loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mikocziova
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ayelet Peres
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Moriah Gidoni
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gur Yaari
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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3
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Kreuzberger N, Damen JA, Trivella M, Estcourt LJ, Aldin A, Umlauff L, Vazquez-Montes MD, Wolff R, Moons KG, Monsef I, Foroutan F, Kreuzer KA, Skoetz N. Prognostic models for newly-diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 7:CD012022. [PMID: 32735048 PMCID: PMC8078230 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012022.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common cancer of the lymphatic system in Western countries. Several clinical and biological factors for CLL have been identified. However, it remains unclear which of the available prognostic models combining those factors can be used in clinical practice to predict long-term outcome in people newly-diagnosed with CLL. OBJECTIVES To identify, describe and appraise all prognostic models developed to predict overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) or treatment-free survival (TFS) in newly-diagnosed (previously untreated) adults with CLL, and meta-analyse their predictive performances. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE (from January 1950 to June 2019 via Ovid), Embase (from 1974 to June 2019) and registries of ongoing trials (to 5 March 2020) for development and validation studies of prognostic models for untreated adults with CLL. In addition, we screened the reference lists and citation indices of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all prognostic models developed for CLL which predict OS, PFS, or TFS, provided they combined prognostic factors known before treatment initiation, and any studies that tested the performance of these models in individuals other than the ones included in model development (i.e. 'external model validation studies'). We included studies of adults with confirmed B-cell CLL who had not received treatment prior to the start of the study. We did not restrict the search based on study design. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We developed a data extraction form to collect information based on the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS). Independent pairs of review authors screened references, extracted data and assessed risk of bias according to the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). For models that were externally validated at least three times, we aimed to perform a quantitative meta-analysis of their predictive performance, notably their calibration (proportion of people predicted to experience the outcome who do so) and discrimination (ability to differentiate between people with and without the event) using a random-effects model. When a model categorised individuals into risk categories, we pooled outcome frequencies per risk group (low, intermediate, high and very high). We did not apply GRADE as guidance is not yet available for reviews of prognostic models. MAIN RESULTS From 52 eligible studies, we identified 12 externally validated models: six were developed for OS, one for PFS and five for TFS. In general, reporting of the studies was poor, especially predictive performance measures for calibration and discrimination; but also basic information, such as eligibility criteria and the recruitment period of participants was often missing. We rated almost all studies at high or unclear risk of bias according to PROBAST. Overall, the applicability of the models and their validation studies was low or unclear; the most common reasons were inappropriate handling of missing data and serious reporting deficiencies concerning eligibility criteria, recruitment period, observation time and prediction performance measures. We report the results for three models predicting OS, which had available data from more than three external validation studies: CLL International Prognostic Index (CLL-IPI) This score includes five prognostic factors: age, clinical stage, IgHV mutational status, B2-microglobulin and TP53 status. Calibration: for the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, the pooled five-year survival per risk group from validation studies corresponded to the frequencies observed in the model development study. In the very high-risk group, predicted survival from CLL-IPI was lower than observed from external validation studies. Discrimination: the pooled c-statistic of seven external validation studies (3307 participants, 917 events) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 0.77). The 95% prediction interval (PI) of this model for the c-statistic, which describes the expected interval for the model's discriminative ability in a new external validation study, ranged from 0.59 to 0.83. Barcelona-Brno score Aimed at simplifying the CLL-IPI, this score includes three prognostic factors: IgHV mutational status, del(17p) and del(11q). Calibration: for the low- and intermediate-risk group, the pooled survival per risk group corresponded to the frequencies observed in the model development study, although the score seems to overestimate survival for the high-risk group. Discrimination: the pooled c-statistic of four external validation studies (1755 participants, 416 events) was 0.64 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.67); 95% PI 0.59 to 0.68. MDACC 2007 index score The authors presented two versions of this model including six prognostic factors to predict OS: age, B2-microglobulin, absolute lymphocyte count, gender, clinical stage and number of nodal groups. Only one validation study was available for the more comprehensive version of the model, a formula with a nomogram, while seven studies (5127 participants, 994 events) validated the simplified version of the model, the index score. Calibration: for the low- and intermediate-risk groups, the pooled survival per risk group corresponded to the frequencies observed in the model development study, although the score seems to overestimate survival for the high-risk group. Discrimination: the pooled c-statistic of the seven external validation studies for the index score was 0.65 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.70); 95% PI 0.51 to 0.77. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of published studies of prognostic models for OS, PFS or TFS for newly-diagnosed, untreated adults with CLL, only a minority of these (N = 12) have been externally validated for their respective primary outcome. Three models have undergone sufficient external validation to enable meta-analysis of the model's ability to predict survival outcomes. Lack of reporting prevented us from summarising calibration as recommended. Of the three models, the CLL-IPI shows the best discrimination, despite overestimation. However, performance of the models may change for individuals with CLL who receive improved treatment options, as the models included in this review were tested mostly on retrospective cohorts receiving a traditional treatment regimen. In conclusion, this review shows a clear need to improve the conducting and reporting of both prognostic model development and external validation studies. For prognostic models to be used as tools in clinical practice, the development of the models (and their subsequent validation studies) should adapt to include the latest therapy options to accurately predict performance. Adaptations should be timely.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Bias
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Calibration
- Confidence Intervals
- Discriminant Analysis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Models, Theoretical
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Progression-Free Survival
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kreuzberger
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johanna Aag Damen
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Lise J Estcourt
- Haematology/Transfusion Medicine, NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Aldin
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Umlauff
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Karel Gm Moons
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ina Monsef
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Karl-Anton Kreuzer
- Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Cancer, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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4
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Shi K, Sun Q, Qiao C, Zhu H, Wang L, Wu J, Wang L, Fu J, Young KH, Fan L, Xia Y, Xu W, Li J. 98% IGHV gene identity is the optimal cutoff to dichotomize the prognosis of Chinese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Med 2019; 9:999-1007. [PMID: 31849198 PMCID: PMC6997101 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status has been an important prognostic factor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for decades. Patients with unmutated IGHV (≥98% identity to the germline sequence) have inferior prognosis and tend to carry unfavorable genetic markers compared to those with mutated IGHV (<98% identity to the germline sequence). However, 98% as the cutoff for IGHV mutational status is a mathematical choice and remains controversial. We have previously reported distinct IGHV repertoire features between Chinese and western CLL populations. Here, we retrospectively studied 595 Chinese CLL patients to determine the best cutoff value for IGHV in Chinese CLL population. Using 1% as the interval for IGHV identity, we divided the studied cohort into seven subgroups from 95% to 100%. Briefer time to first treatment (TTFT) and overall survival (OS) were observed in cases with ≥98% compared to those with <98%, while the differences were obscure within subgroups ≥98% (98%-98.99%, 99%-99.99%, and 100%) and <98% (<94.99%, 95%-95.99%, 96%-96.99%, and 97%-97.99%). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic value of 98% being the cutoff for IGHV identity in terms of both TTFT and OS. All the prognostic factors, including del(17p13), del(11q22.3), TP53 mutation, MYD88 mutation, NOTCH1 mutation, SF3B1 mutation, CD38, ZAP-70, Binet staging, gender, and β2-microglobulin, were significantly different in distribution between group <98% and group ≥98%, but not among subgroups 98%-98.99%, 99%-99.99%, and 100%. In conclusion, 98% is the optimal cutoff of IGHV identity for the prognosis evaluation of Chinese CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Qiao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huayuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiazhu Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute and NCI City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Hematopathology Division and Pathology Department, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
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5
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Dodev TS, Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Josephs DH, Bowen H, James LK, Bax HJ, Beavil R, Pang MO, Gould HJ, Karagiannis SN, Beavil AJ. A tool kit for rapid cloning and expression of recombinant antibodies. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5885. [PMID: 25073855 PMCID: PMC4115235 DOI: 10.1038/srep05885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last four decades, molecular cloning has evolved tremendously. Efficient products allowing assembly of multiple DNA fragments have become available. However, cost-effective tools for engineering antibodies of different specificities, isotypes and species are still needed for many research and clinical applications in academia. Here, we report a method for one-step assembly of antibody heavy- and light-chain DNAs into a single mammalian expression vector, starting from DNAs encoding the desired variable and constant regions, which allows antibodies of different isotypes and specificity to be rapidly generated. As a proof of principle we have cloned, expressed and characterized functional recombinant tumor-associated antigen-specific chimeric IgE/κ and IgG1/κ, as well as recombinant grass pollen allergen Phl p 7 specific fully human IgE/λ and IgG4/λ antibodies. This method utilizing the antibody expression vectors, available at Addgene, has many applications, including the potential to support simultaneous processing of antibody panels, to facilitate mechanistic studies of antigen-antibody interactions and to conduct early evaluations of antibody functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir S Dodev
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Amy E Gilbert
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK [3] Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Holly Bowen
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Louisa K James
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Heather J Bax
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Rebecca Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marie O Pang
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- 1] NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, London, UK [2] St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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6
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Binder M, Léchenne B, Ummanni R, Scharf C, Balabanov S, Trusch M, Schlüter H, Braren I, Spillner E, Trepel M. Stereotypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell receptors recognize survival promoting antigens on stromal cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15992. [PMID: 21209908 PMCID: PMC3012720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world. Survival of CLL cells depends on their close contact with stromal cells in lymphatic tissues, bone marrow and blood. This microenvironmental regulation of CLL cell survival involves the stromal secretion of chemo- and cytokines as well as the expression of adhesion molecules. Since CLL survival may also be driven by antigenic stimulation through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), we explored the hypothesis that these processes may be linked to each other. We tested if stromal cells could serve as an antigen reservoir for CLL cells, thus promoting CLL cell survival by stimulation through the BCR. As a proof of principle, we found that two CLL BCRs with a common stereotyped heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (previously characterized as “subset 1”) recognize antigens highly expressed in stromal cells – vimentin and calreticulin. Both antigens are well-documented targets of autoantibodies in autoimmune disorders. We demonstrated that vimentin is displayed on the surface of viable stromal cells and that it is present and bound by the stereotyped CLL BCR in CLL-stroma co-culture supernatant. Blocking the vimentin antigen by recombinant soluble CLL BCR under CLL-stromal cell co-culture conditions reduces stroma-mediated anti-apoptotic effects by 20–45%. We therefore conclude that CLL BCR stimulation by stroma-derived antigens can contribute to the protective effect that the stroma exerts on CLL cells. This finding sheds a new light on the understanding of the pathobiology of this so far mostly incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Léchenne
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christan Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Trusch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Spillner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum/University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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Galligan L, Catherwood MA, Matthews C, ‘Curly' Morris TCM, Dennis Alexander H. Mutated IgHV1-69 gene usage represents a distinct subgroup associated with indolent disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:763-8. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190801911696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Donisi PM, Di Lorenzo N, Riccardi M, Paparella A, Sarpellon C, Zupo S, Bertoldero G, Minotto C, Stracca-Pansa V. Pattern and Distribution of Immunoglobulin VH Gene Usage in a Cohort of B-CLL Patients From a Northeastern Region of Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 15:206-15. [PMID: 17122648 DOI: 10.1097/01.pdm.0000213469.85301.d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed individual VH gene rearrangements in 55 consecutive B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients collected from a northeastern region of Italy, stressing the possible differences related to geographic characteristics of the cohorts studied. Considering the percentage of somatic mutations present in the VH gene sequences and using the 98% cut-off value, 38 of the 55 B-CLL (69%) patients displayed somatic hypermutations and 17 (31%) had a germline configuration. Our results confirm and extend the observations of a bias in the use of certain VH, DH, and JH genes among B-CLL cells. The most frequently used VH genes were VH1-69 (12.7%) with VH3-23 (12.7%) and VH4-34 (10.9%). Collectively these genes accounted for 36.3% of the cases. In the mutated cases, the range of mutations varied from 2% to 15%, with a median of 6.5%. VH1-69 (7 cases, all unmutated) carried few mutations as opposed to VH3-23 (7 cases, 5 of which mutated), VH4-34 (6 cases, all mutated), and VH3-30 (5 cases, all mutated), which show a high load of mutations. D3 family genes were found frequently (38.1%) followed by D2 (27.2%) and D6 (18.1%). The individual D segment most frequently used was D3-3, which was present in 16.3% of cases. There was predominance of the JH4 gene (49%) followed by JH6 (40%). Analysis of the distribution of replacement and silent mutations in the mutated sequences using the method of Lossos showed in 39.4% of cases evidence of antigen selection in the framework region and/or complementary determining regions. In comparison with a recent study on B-CLL patients from the Mediterranean area, the VH4-34 gene was significantly overused in the mutated group at a percentage double that of the Italian cohort reported in this study (10.9% vs. 5%), but at a frequency similar to the entire Mediterranean region (10.7%). We also found an over-representation of VH1-69 usage in the germline group, at a frequency (12.7%) higher than previously described by the same authors (Italian 8%, Mediterranean 10.7%). On the contrary, VH3-07 and VH3-49 were not much used in our study (5.4% and 1.8%, respectively) compared with the Italian group (8% and 5.1%). In our study, VH3-23 gene segment was frequently expressed, at frequency as high as that of VH1-69, a finding in keeping with reported B-CLL Italian data, but higher than the entire series of the Mediterranean area (12.7% vs. 9.2%); VH3-21 gene, frequently expressed in northern European CLL but rarely in the Mediterranean area, was completely absent. This biased usage of VH family genes may reflect a geographic leukemic repertoire, perhaps owing to a peculiar genetic background, depending on variations in germline composition of the IgVH locus or to the effect of a potential environmental element less frequently encountered in different regions.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Frequency
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin D/genetics
- Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics
- Italy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Severity of Illness Index
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
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