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Steghaus S, Poth CH. Feeling tired versus feeling relaxed: Two faces of low physiological arousal. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310034. [PMID: 39250459 PMCID: PMC11383234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human well-being and functioning depend on two fundamental mental states: Relaxation and sleepiness. Relaxation and sleepiness are both assumed to be states of low physiological arousal and negatively correlated. However, it is still unclear how consistent this negative relationship is across different settings and whether it changes before and after an intervention. Here we investigated this intricate relationship between subjective momentary sleepiness and relaxation states by meta-analytically analyzing several data sets from studies using the Relaxation State Questionnaire. We discovered that subjective sleepiness and relaxation were in fact anti-correlated pre-intervention. This anti-correlation provides a quantitative dissociation between sleepiness and relaxation. Thus, even though sleepiness and relaxation both implicate a low arousal level, the two mental states are subjectively experienced in a qualitatively different fashion, and thus reflect distinct underlying constructs. For the post-intervention relationship, this negative correlation could not be consistently found. This indicates that there are aspects of the experimental setting or intervention that introduce changes in the dynamics of the relationship of the two constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Steghaus
- Neuro-cognitive Psychology and Center of Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian H Poth
- Neuro-cognitive Psychology and Center of Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Muhammad Khir S, Wan Mohd Yunus WMA, Mahmud N, Wang R, Panatik SA, Mohd Sukor MS, Nordin NA. Efficacy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Adults for Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Systematic Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:345-365. [PMID: 38322293 PMCID: PMC10844009 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s437277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The rise in the prevalence of mental health problems among adults worldwide has raised concerns, highlighting the critical need for evidence-based mental health interventions that are accessible, comprehensive, and effective. Previous research suggests that Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is a promising intervention widely used to reduce mental health problems. Nevertheless, the current literature on the efficacy of PMR among adults globally is fragmented, indicating a potential gap in this research area. Hence, this paper aims to systematically compile the research evidence on the efficacy of PMR in adults for stress, anxiety, and depression. Methods The Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from the earliest available evidence to 28th March 2023. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines were followed, and the protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results A total of forty-six (46) publications from sixteen (16) countries covering more than 3402 adults were included in the review. The results show that PMR are effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in adults. When PMR is combined with other interventions, the combined techniques have also consistently exhibited enhanced efficacy. Moreover, findings also indicate that the efficacy of PMR is heightened when implemented in conjunction with other interventions, surpassing its standalone efficacy. Funding and Registration This research was supported/funded by the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (FRGS/1/2020/SS0/UTM/02/23). The review was registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) on the 7th of March 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/U2HZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syazwina Muhammad Khir
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Azam Wan Mohd Yunus
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Norashikin Mahmud
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisyah Panatik
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saipol Mohd Sukor
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Akmar Nordin
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
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Arring NM, Lafferty CK, Clark PM, Barton DL. The experience of women in a phase II trial of hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation for body image: informing future research questions. J Psychosoc Oncol 2023; 42:148-158. [PMID: 37114974 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2023.2206406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This study examines feedback from two interventions, hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), to improve body image in a randomized phase II trial. Eighty-seven women were randomized either to hypnosis or PMR. Sixty-three women (72%) were motivated to write comments about their study experience. These comments were explored in an unplanned qualitative analysis. Thematic analysis generated five themes, suggesting both hypnosis and PMR may improve body image through the ability to relax and manage stress, sleep better, improve mood and create a mind-body connection. Sexual health emerged as a theme for participants in only the hypnosis group which suggests hypnotic suggestions for body image may improve overall sexual health. Additional research is needed to assess this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël M Arring
- University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Debra L Barton
- University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yi LJ, Liu Y, Tang L, Cheng L, Wang GH, Hu SW, Liu XL, Tian X, Jiménez-Herrera MF. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Association Between Compassion Fatigue and Psychological Resilience From 2008 to 2021. Front Psychol 2022; 13:890327. [PMID: 35814110 PMCID: PMC9258720 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.890327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims A negative association between the lower level of psychological resilience (PR) and increased risk of compassion fatigue (CF) and higher Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stress has been revealed. However, bibliometric studies have not been performed to comprehensively investigate this topic. This study aimed to identify the status and trends in the CF and PR field from 2008 to 2021 and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We identified relevant literature from the Web of Science Core Collection® database using "resilience" and "compassion fatigue" on September 30, 2021. All search results were exported in plain text format for collaboration network analysis, reference-based co-citation analysis, analysis of journals, and keywords-based co-occurrence analysis, which were performed using Citespace® 5.8.R1. Results A total of 388 publications were identified finally, and there has been an increasing trend in the annual number of publications with light fluctuations. The analysis of journals and keywords indicated that nurses and social workers are the main research targets, and their mental problems are the main research topics. The turnover intention of health care providers has been a research focus, particularly during the COVID-19. Conclusion The results of the present study help us understand the status of the CF and PR field and its recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Yi
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hao Wang
- Department of Management Engineering, Tangshan Industrial Vocational & Technical College, Tangshan, China
| | - Su-Wen Hu
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tian
- Department of Nursing, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Liang D, Chen S, Zhang W, Xu K, Li Y, Li D, Cheng H, Xiao J, Wan L, Liu C. Investigation of a Progressive Relaxation Training Intervention on Precompetition Anxiety and Sports Performance Among Collegiate Student Athletes. Front Psychol 2021; 11:617541. [PMID: 33815182 PMCID: PMC8009973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether simple and convenient progressive relaxation training (PRT) is effective in enhancing collegiate student athletes' mental health and sports performance. An experimental group of 14 (6 female) and a control group of 10 (5 female) collegiate student athletes were recruited from among track and field athletes who were preparing for provincial competition. The experimental group was exposed to a PRT intervention in 30-min sessions conducted twice per week for a duration of one month. At baseline, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) were completed, while only the CSAI-2 was reassessed at one, two, and three weeks after initiation of the intervention. Additionally, within half a day after completing all one's individual competition events, the CSAI-2 was again assessed in the two groups recalling their memory of their precompetition state anxiety. Then, the differences in the three dimensions of the CSAI-2 between the two groups at the five time points introduced above were compared. This study also explored whether PRT affected sports performance, defined by the athletes reaching their best records or not, by logistic regressive analysis. This study found significant between-group differences in the self-confidence dimension score at the second and third time points. Through logistic regression analysis, a positive effect of PRT was found for the enhancement of sports performance. In sum, PRT showed positive effects on precompetition state self-confidence and enhanced sports performance among collegiate student athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- National Sports Science Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghao Li
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Cheng
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Xiao
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wan
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyi Liu
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- National Sports Science Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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