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Bigot N, Boutaous M, Xin S, Hamila N. Modeling heat transfer and transcrystallization kinetics during processing of polymer‐based composites materials. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bigot
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS UMR 5259, INSA‐Lyon Villeurbanne France
| | - M'hamed Boutaous
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSA‐Lyon, CETHIL, UMR 5008 Villeurbanne France
| | - Shihe Xin
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, INSA‐Lyon, CETHIL, UMR 5008 Villeurbanne France
| | - Nahiéne Hamila
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, ENIB, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL Brest France
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2
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Hondros V, Vincent M, Freire L, Boyer SAE, Haudin JM, Royer V, François G, Ville L. Analysis of the No-Flow Criterion Based on Accurate Crystallization Data for the Simulation of Injection Molding of Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastics. INT POLYM PROC 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is well known in practice that the shape and dimensions of injected parts are highly dependent on the packing-holding stage. A major problem in semi-crystalline polymers is the prediction of the solidified layer, whose thickness has an important effect on shrinkage and warpage. We propose a pragmatic approach based on the concept of no-flow temperature. This temperature should be related to crystallization temperature, but the choice is not easy because it depends on cooling rate and pressure which are functions of time and position. The objective of the work is to evaluate the sensitivity of an injection molding computation to the no-flow temperature and to evaluate the relevance of its choice. The crystallization temperature of an isotactic polypropylene is determined as a function of cooling rate and pressure in laboratory experiments. The pressure dependence is measured using the original Cristapress cell. As a case study, we simulate the filling and post-filling of a plate mold using Rem3D, a 3D code for injection molding. Three no-flow temperatures and two sets of parameters for temperature dependence of viscosity are tested. Their respective influences on the pressure evolution are shown, and the crystallization temperature calculated a posteriori using the experimental material data is compared to the “arbitrary” no-flow temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Hondros
- MINES ParisTech , PSL Research University, CEMEF, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - M. Vincent
- MINES ParisTech , PSL Research University, CEMEF, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - L. Freire
- MINES ParisTech , PSL Research University, CEMEF, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - S. A. E. Boyer
- MINES ParisTech , PSL Research University, CEMEF, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - J.-M. Haudin
- MINES ParisTech , PSL Research University, CEMEF, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - V. Royer
- Transvalor S. A. , Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - G. François
- Transvalor S. A. , Sophia Antipolis , France
| | - L. Ville
- Transvalor S. A. , Sophia Antipolis , France
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Aris-Brosou M, Vincent M, Agassant JF, Billon N. Viscoelastic rheology in the melting and crystallization domain: Application to polypropylene copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Aris-Brosou
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre for Material Forming; CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse 06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Michel Vincent
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre for Material Forming; CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse 06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Jean-François Agassant
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre for Material Forming; CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse 06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex France
| | - Noëlle Billon
- MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University, CEMEF - Centre for Material Forming; CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse 06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex France
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Durin A, Boyard N, Bailleul JL, Billon N, Chenot JL, Haudin JM. Semianalytical models to predict the crystallization kinetics of thermoplastic fibrous composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Durin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire de Thermocinétique de Nantes (LTN); UMR CNRS 6607, La Chantrerie, rue Christian Pauc, CS 50609 Nantes F-44306 France
| | - Nicolas Boyard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire de Thermocinétique de Nantes (LTN); UMR CNRS 6607, La Chantrerie, rue Christian Pauc, CS 50609 Nantes F-44306 France
| | - Jean-Luc Bailleul
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire de Thermocinétique de Nantes (LTN); UMR CNRS 6607, La Chantrerie, rue Christian Pauc, CS 50609 Nantes F-44306 France
| | - Noëlle Billon
- MINES ParisTech PSL-Research University, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux; (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207 Sophia Antipolis F-06904 France
| | - Jean-Loup Chenot
- TRANSVALOR S.A, Sophia Antipolis; 694 Avenue du Dr. Maurice Donat Mougins F-06255 France
| | - Jean-Marc Haudin
- MINES ParisTech PSL-Research University, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux; (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207 Sophia Antipolis F-06904 France
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Dietz W. Effect of cooling on crystallization and microstructure of polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Durin A, Chenot JL, Haudin JM, Boyard N, Bailleul JL. Simulating polymer crystallization in thin films: Numerical and analytical methods. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Jiang L, Wang L, Li Q, Wang S, Shen C. Morphology evolution for isotactic polypropylene: Experiment and simulation. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x15050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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The role of nucleating agents in high-pressure-induced gamma crystallization in isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2015; 293:665-675. [PMID: 25750474 PMCID: PMC4342516 DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleation of the γ-form in isotactic polypropylene (PP) under high pressure was investigated. Three nucleating agents were used to nucleate crystallization of PP under atmospheric pressure: commercial Hyperform HPN-20E from Milliken Chemical, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) particles nucleating the α-form, and calcium pimelate nucleating the β-form. Crystallization of neat PP and PP with addition of 0.2 wt% of the nucleating agents was studied. Specimens were either kept at 200 °C under pressure of 200 MPa for time ranging from 2 min to 4 h or for 15 min under pressure ranging from 1.3 to 300 MPa. After cooling to ambient temperature and releasing the pressure, the specimens were analyzed by DSC, WAXD, and PLM to have an insight into the structure and to determine a crystallinity level and contents of crystallographic forms. Both α-nucleating agents strongly nucleated crystallization of PP under high pressure in the γ-form, whereas the β-nucleating agent had only a slight effect. The results show the possibility to use nucleating agents to nucleate the γ-form of PP under high pressure.
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Boyer SAE, Fournier FEJ, Gandin CA, Haudin JM. CRISTAPRESS: an optical cell for structure development in high-pressure crystallization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:013906. [PMID: 24517781 DOI: 10.1063/1.4862473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An original optical high-pressure cell, named CRISTAPRESS, has been especially designed to investigate phase transitions of complex liquids, i.e., polymers, polymer blends, nano-composites, etc. The design of the cell is based on the optical properties of morphological entities through in situ light depolarizing microscopic observations. Pressure up to 200 MPa with a fine temperature control up to 300 °C can be applied. A striking advantage of this cell is the possibility to select the pressure transmitting medium that can be water, silicone oil, a fluid in the supercritical state, etc. The potential of the novel technique was demonstrated by carrying out time-resolved measurements during polymer crystallization induced by water pressure. These preliminary experimental investigations permit to discriminate the role of the barometric and thermal histories on the kinetics of polymer growth, as well as on the subsequent morphologies. It should lead to new reliable crystallization kinetics models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A E Boyer
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - F E J Fournier
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Ch-A Gandin
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J-M Haudin
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Smirnova J, Silva L, Monasse B, Chenot JL, Haudin JM. Structure Development in Injection Molding: A 3D Simulation with a Differential Formulation of the Kinetic Equations. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of the present work is to introduce a crystallization law into Rem3D, a 3D code written in C++ and dedicated to the injection molding of polymers. We kept the basic hypotheses of Avrami's model and cast the kinetic equations into a differential system that is solved numerically. The variation of the density of potential nuclei with temperature is taken into account. Furthermore, the distribution of mean spherulite sizes can be deduced from the calculations. The second part of the paper is an experimental study of crystallization in well-controlled conditions (2D, isothermal or constant cooling-rate). It establishes a procedure for the determination of the nucleation and growth parameters used in the theoretical model, and gives a first validation of this model. Finally, the crystallization equations are introduced into Rem3D, in order to assess the feasibility of our new approach. Some typical results concerning the evolution of the transformed volume fraction in injection-molded parts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Smirnova
- Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - L. Silva
- Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - B. Monasse
- Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - J.-L. Chenot
- Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - J.-M. Haudin
- Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Boyer SAE, Robinson P, Ganet P, Melis JP, Haudin JM. Crystallization of polypropylene at high cooling rates: Microscopic and calorimetric studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Yuryev Y, Wood-Adams P. A Monte Carlo Simulation of Homogeneous Crystallization in Confined Spaces: Effect of Crystallization Kinetics on the Avrami Exponent. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Boyer SA, Grolier JPE, Yoshida H, Haudin JM, Chenot JL. Phase transitions of polymers over T and P ranges under various hydraulic fluids: Polymer/supercritical gas systems and liquid to solid polymer transitions. J Mol Liq 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Haudin JM, Smirnova J, Silva L, Monasse B, Chenot JL. Modeling of structure development during polymer processing. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x08050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Piorkowska E, Galeski A, Haudin JM. Critical assessment of overall crystallization kinetics theories and predictions. Prog Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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