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Li H, Ye Q, Sun J, Cui S, Zhang Z, Liu C, Shen C, Wang Z. A combined melt-stretching and quenching setup for experimental studies of polymer crystallization under complex flow-temperature environments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:015102. [PMID: 36725543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A combined melt-stretching and quenching setup is designed and developed to allow experimental investigations of polymer crystallization under the complex flow-temperature environments comparable to those encountered in the actual industrial processing. The melt-stretching proceeds by two drums rotating in the opposite directions with simultaneous recording of a stress-strain curve, where the Hencky strain and strain rate (≤233 s-1) are adjustable over a large range. After stretching, liquid N2 is used as a cooling medium to quench the free-standing melt, which is sprayed directly to the deformed melt driven by an electric pump. To ensure a high cooling efficiency, a three-way solenoid valve is employed to execute a sequential control of the liquid N2 flow direction to reduce the boil-off of liquid N2 before entering the sample chamber. The melt cooling rate depends on the liquid N2 flow rate controlled by a flow valve, which is up to 221 °C/s when quenching the isotactic polypropylene (iPP) melt with a thickness of 0.28 mm at 150 °C. Two independent temperature control modules are designed to meet the requirements of different stages of melt-stretching and quenching. To verify the capability of the setup, we have performed the melt-stretching and quenching experiments on iPP samples. The setup is demonstrated to be a valuable new tool to study polymer crystallization under coupled flow-cooling fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiuyang Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shanlin Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Mileva D, Tranchida D, Gahleitner M. Designing polymer crystallinity: An industrial perspective. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mileva
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters, 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters, 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Markus Gahleitner
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH Innovation Headquarters, 4021 Linz Austria
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Troisi EM, Caelers HJM, Peters GWM. Full Characterization of Multiphase, Multimorphological Kinetics in Flow-Induced Crystallization of IPP at Elevated Pressure. Macromolecules 2017; 50:3868-3882. [PMID: 28553002 PMCID: PMC5444050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in conditions comparable to those found in polymer processing, where the polymer melt experiences a combination of high shear rates and elevated pressures, is key for modeling and therefore predicting the final structure and properties of iPP products. Coupling a unique experimental setup, capable to apply wall shear rates similar to those experienced during processing and carefully control the pressure before and after flow is imposed, with in situ X-ray scattering and diffraction techniques (SAXS and WAXD) at fast acquisition rates (up to 30 Hz), a well-defined series of short-term flow experiments are carried out using 16 different combinations of wall shear rates (ranging from 110 to 440 s-1) and pressures (100-400 bar). A complete overview on the kinetics of structure development during and after flow is presented. Information about shish formation and growth of α-phase parents lamellae from the shish backbones is extracted from SAXS; the overall apparent crystallinity evolution, amounts of different phases (α, β, and γ), and morphologies developing in the shear layer (parent and daughter lamellae both in α and γ phase) are fully quantified from the analysis of WAXD data. Both flow rate and pressure were found to have a significant influence on the nucleation and the growth process of oriented and isotropic structures. Flow affects shish formation and the growth of α-parents; pressure acts on relaxation times, enhancing the effect of flow, and (mainly) on the growth rate of γ-phase. The remarkably high amount of γ-lamellae found in the oriented layer strongly indicates the nucleation of γ directly from the shish backbone. All the observations were conceptually in agreement with the flow-induced crystallization model framework developed in our group and represent a unique and valuable data set that will be used to further validate and implement our numerical modeling, filling the gap for quantitatively modeling crystallization during complicated processing operations like injection molding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Troisi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer
Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. M. Caelers
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. W. M. Peters
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer
Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Troisi E, Formenti S, Briatico-Vangosa F, Cavallo D, Peters G. Nucleation induced by “Short-Term Pressurization” of an undercooled isotactic polypropylene melt. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Balzano L, Ma Z, Cavallo D, van Erp TB, Fernandez-Ballester L, Peters GWM. Molecular Aspects of the Formation of Shish-Kebab in Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Balzano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory
of Composite and Functional Materials, and School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science
and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim B. van Erp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- DUBBLE beamline, European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility (ESRF), BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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De Santis F, Pantani R, Titomanlio G. Effect of shear flow on spherulitic growth and nucleation rates of polypropylene. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Roozemond PC, van Erp TB, Peters GW. Flow-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene: Modeling formation of multiple crystal phases and morphologies. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Troisi EM, Portale G, Ma Z, van Drongelen M, Hermida-Merino D, Peters GWM. Unusual Melting Behavior in Flow Induced Crystallization of LLDPE: Effect of Pressure. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Troisi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. Portale
- DUBBLE CRG BM26@ESRF, European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Z. Ma
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. van Drongelen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - D. Hermida-Merino
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DUBBLE CRG BM26@ESRF, European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - G. W. M. Peters
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Roozemond PC, Ma Z, Cui K, Li L, Peters GWM. Multimorphological Crystallization of Shish-Kebab Structures in Isotactic Polypropylene: Quantitative Modeling of Parent–Daughter Crystallization Kinetics. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Roozemond
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science
and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science
and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Ma Z, Fernandez-Ballester L, Cavallo D, Gough T, Peters GWM. High-Stress Shear-Induced Crystallization in Isotactic Polypropylene and Propylene/Ethylene Random Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Fernandez-Ballester
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DUBBLE at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz,
38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Gough
- School of Engineering, Design
and Technology, University of Bradford,
Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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van Drongelen M, van Erp T, Peters G. Quantification of non-isothermal, multi-phase crystallization of isotactic polypropylene: The influence of cooling rate and pressure. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Ma Z, Balzano L, Peters GWM. Pressure Quench of Flow-Induced Crystallization Precursors. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2027325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB,
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Balzano
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB,
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB,
Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Zhou W, Cui K, Tian N, Wang X, Liu L, Li L, Zhou Y. Extensional rheometer for in situ x-ray scattering study on flow-induced crystallization of polymer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:045104. [PMID: 21529036 DOI: 10.1063/1.3574219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We designed and constructed an extensional rheometer for in situ small and wide angle x-ray study on flow-induced crystallization of polymer. Two rotating drums with an axis distance of 20 mm are employed to impose extensional deformation on the samples. With a constant angular velocity, the two drums generate a constant Henkcy strain rate as sample length for testing keeps constant during deformation. An ionic liquid is used as heating medium to prevent polymer melt from bending downward due to gravity, which is excellent in terms of high thermal stability, low viscosity, and relative low adsorption on x-ray. Flow-induced crystallization experiments are conducted with this apparatus on x-ray scattering station in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), which allows us to collect rheological and structural data simultaneously and may lead to a better understanding on flow-induced crystallization of polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and College of Nuclear Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Balzano L, Cavallo D, Van Erp TB, Ma Z, Housmans JW, Fernandez-Ballester L, Peters GWM. Dynamics of fibrillar precursors of shishes as a function of stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/14/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Custódio FJMF, Steenbakkers RJA, Anderson PD, Peters GWM, Meijer HEH. Model Development and Validation of Crystallization Behavior in Injection Molding Prototype Flows. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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