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Ravi Theja MS, Kilari N, Vishvanathperumal S, Navaneethakrishnan V. Modeling tensile modulus of nanoclay-filled ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/styrene–butadiene rubber using composite theories. J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-021-00140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Physical Hybrid of Nanographene/Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcing Agents of NR-Based Rubber Foam. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142346. [PMID: 34301103 PMCID: PMC8309651 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) foams reinforced by a physical hybrid of nanographene/carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a two-roll mill and compression molding process. The effects of nanographene (GNS) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were investigated on the curing behavior, foam morphology, and mechanical and thermal properties of the NR nanocomposite foams. Microscope investigations showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid fillers acted as nucleation agents and increased the cell density and decreased the cell size and wall thickness. Simultaneously, the cell size distribution became narrower, containing more uniform multiple closed-cell pores. The rheometric results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrids accelerated the curing process and decreased the scorch time from 6.81 to 5.08 min and the curing time from 14.3 to 11.12 min. Other results showed that the GNS/CNT hybrid improved the foam’s curing behavior. The degradation temperature of the nanocomposites at 5 wt.% and 50 wt.% weight loss increased from 407 °C to 414 °C and from 339 °C to 346 °C, respectively, and the residual ash increased from 5.7 wt.% to 12.23 wt.% with increasing hybrid nanofiller content. As the amount of the GNS/CNT hybrids increased in the rubber matrix, the modulus also increased, and the Tg increased slightly from −45.77 °C to −38.69 °C. The mechanical properties of the NR nanocomposite foams, including the hardness, resilience, and compression, were also improved by incorporating GNS/CNT hybrid fillers. Overall, the incorporation of the nano hybrid fillers elevated the desirable properties of the rubber foam.
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Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142318. [PMID: 34301075 PMCID: PMC8309489 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber compounding with two or more components has been extensively employed to improve various properties. In particular, natural rubber (NR)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends have found use in tire and automotive parts. Diverse fillers have been applied to NR/EPDM blends to enhance their mechanical properties. In this study, a new class of mineral filler, phlogopite, was incorporated into an NR/EPDM blend to examine the mechanical, curing, elastic, and morphological properties of the resulting material. The combination of aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and stearic acid (SA) compatibilized the NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite, further improving various properties. The enhanced properties were compared with those of NR/EPDM/fillers composed of silica or carbon black (CB). Compared with the NR/EPDM/silica composite, the incompatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite without AEAPS exhibited poorer properties, but NR/EPDM/phlogopite compatibilized by AEAPS and SA showed improved properties. Most properties of the compatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite were similar to those of the NR/EPDM/CB composite, except for the lower abrasion resistance. The NR/EPDM/phlogopite/AEAPS rubber composite may potentially be used in various applications by replacing expensive fillers, such as CB.
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Vol’fson SI, Nikiforov AA. Use of Zinc-Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxides as Nanofillers of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042722008011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rad AS, Aali E, Hallajian S, Zangeneh D, Tavakoli M, Ayub K, Peyravi M. Enhancement in the mechanical property of NBR/PVC nanocomposite by using sulfur and electron beam curing in the presence of Cloisite 30B nanoclay. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1673663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Rad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - E. Aali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - S. Hallajian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - D. Zangeneh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - M. Tavakoli
- Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - K. Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Peyravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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Ahmadi-Shooli S, Tavakoli M. A Comparative Study of the Dynamic-Mechanical Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Dual Filler Nanocomposites Cured by Sulfur or Electron Beam Irradiation. J MACROMOL SCI B 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2019.1574428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ahmadi-Shooli
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mitra Tavakoli
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
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Ahmadi Shooli S, Tavakoli M. Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (SBR/ENR50) Nanocomposites Containing Nanoclay and Carbon Black as Fillers for Application in Tire-Tread Compounds. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2016.1230464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shoushtari Zadeh Naseri A, Jalali-Arani A. A comparison between the effects of gamma radiation and sulfur cure system on the microstructure and crosslink network of (styrene butadiene rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer) blends in presence of nanoclay. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rezaei Abadchi M, Jalali-Arani A. Synergistic effects of nano-scale polybutadiene rubber powder (PBRP) and nanoclay on the structure, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP). IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-015-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Razak JA, Ahmad SH, Ratnam CT, Mahamood MA, Yaakub J, Mohamad N. Effects of EPDM- g-MAH compatibilizer and internal mixer processing parameters on the properties of NR/EPDM blends: An analysis using response surface methodology. J Appl Polym Sci 2015; 132:n/a-n/a. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeefferie Abd Razak
- School of Applied Physics; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Sahrim Haji Ahmad
- School of Applied Physics; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chantara Thevy Ratnam
- Composites and Polymer Blends Group; Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency; Bangi 43000 Kajang Malaysia
| | - Mazlin Aida Mahamood
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Juliana Yaakub
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Noraiham Mohamad
- Engineering Materials Department; Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka; Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
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Monfared A, Jalali-Arani A, Mohammadi N. The Effect of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Two Kinds of Organoclay upon Molecular Interaction, Structure and Mechanical Properties of (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Organoclay) Nanocomposites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.863138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Azizli MJ, Naderi G, Bakhshandeh GR, Soltani S, Askari F, Esmizadeh E. IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IIR/CR RUBBER BLEND ORGANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITES. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.13.87951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effects of organoclay loading and chloroprene rubber (CR) concentration on the cure characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical and rheological properties of isobutylene–isoprene rubber (IIR)/CR blend were investigated. Different compositions of CR (10, 20, and 40 wt%) with Cloisite15A as organo modified nanoclay (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) were used for blends by a two-roll mill. Samples were vulcanized at 175 °C using a hot press. The cure and scorch times and also the maximum torque of the composites increased with the incorporation of organoclay. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus (100%, 200%, and 300%), and resilience improved with increasing nanoclay loading. The structure of the nanocomposites was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD results of nanocomposites indicated that the intercalation of polymer chains into the clay gallery was deduced from increasing the interlayer distance of silicate layers. TEM and SEM also directly confirmed XRD results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Azizli
- Islamic Azad university, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - G. Naderi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - G. R. Bakhshandeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Soltani
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - F. Askari
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - E. Esmizadeh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
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Brito GF, Agrawal P, Araújo EM, Mélo TJ. Effect of combining ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer and an organoclay on the toughening of poly(lactic acid). POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F. Brito
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of Campina Grande; Av. Aprigio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó CEP 58429-900 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil
| | - Pankaj Agrawal
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of Campina Grande; Av. Aprigio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó CEP 58429-900 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil
| | - Edcleide M. Araújo
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of Campina Grande; Av. Aprigio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó CEP 58429-900 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil
| | - Tomás J.A. Mélo
- Department of Materials Engineering; Federal University of Campina Grande; Av. Aprigio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó CEP 58429-900 Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil
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Modification of Theoretical models to predict mechanical behavior of PVC/NBR/organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Investigation into morphology, microstructure and properties of SBR/EPDM/ORGANO montmorillonite nanocomposites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Feldman D. Elastomer Nanocomposite; Properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.703537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Alipour A, Naderi G, Ghoreishy MH. Effect of nanoclay content and matrix composition on properties and stress-strain behavior of NR/EPDM nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zarei M, Naderi G, Bakhshandeh GR, Shokoohi S. Ternary elastomer nanocomposites based on NR/BR/SBR: Effect of nanoclay composition. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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