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Rodríguez MDP, Vázquez‐Vélez E, Galván‐Hernández A, Martinez H, Torres A. Surface modification of the Nylon 6,6 and wasted glass fiber‐Nylon 6.6 coatings using atmospheric plasma treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María del Pilar Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería (FCQeI) UAEMor Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Edna Vázquez‐Vélez
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Arturo Galván‐Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Horacio Martinez
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Alvaro Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería (FCQeI) UAEMor Cuernavaca Mexico
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Kosmachev PV, Panin SV, Panov IL, Bochkareva SA. Surface Modification of Carbon Fibers by Low-Temperature Plasma with Runaway Electrons for Manufacturing PEEK-Based Laminates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7625. [PMID: 36363217 PMCID: PMC9654359 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The paper addresses the effect of carbon fibers (CFs) treatment by low-temperature plasma with runaway electrons on the deformation behavior of the polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-layered composites. (2) Methods: The effect of the interlayer adhesion on the mechanical response of the composites was assessed through the tensile and three-point bending tests. In addition, computer simulations of the three-point bending were carried out with the use of the finite element analysis (FEM) with varying conditions at the "PEEK-CF layers" interface. (3) Results: DRE-plasma treatment during the optimal time of t = 15 min led to formation of a rougher surface and partial desizing of a finishing agent. The shear strength of the layered composites increased by 54%, while the tensile strength and the flexural modulus (at three-point bending) increased by 16% (up to 893 MPa) and by 10% (up to 93 GPa), respectively. (4) Conclusions: The results of the numerical experiments showed that the increase in the stiffness, on the one hand, gave rise to enlarging the flexural modulus; on the other hand, a nonlinear decrease in the strength may occur. For this reason, the intention to maximize the level of the interlayer stiffness can result in lowering the fracture toughness, for example, at manufacturing high-strength composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Kosmachev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, 2/4, Akademicheskii Pr., 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Panin
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, 2/4, Akademicheskii Pr., 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Materials Science, Engineering School of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenina Pr., 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Iliya L. Panov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, 2/4, Akademicheskii Pr., 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Bochkareva
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, 2/4, Akademicheskii Pr., 634055 Tomsk, Russia
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Semitekolos D, Konstantopoulos G, Trompeta AF, Jones C, Rana A, Graham C, Giorcelli M, Tagliaferro A, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA. Mechanical Properties, Surface Assessment, and Structural Analysis of Functionalized CFRPs after Accelerated Weathering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234092. [PMID: 34883595 PMCID: PMC8658828 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the effect of two novel carbon fibre surface treatments, electropolymerisation of methacrylic acid and air pressure plasma, on the mechanical properties and structural integrity of carbon-fibre-reinforced composites under operational conditions. Extensive mechanical testing was applied, both in nano- and macro-scale, to assess the performance of the composites and the interphase properties after ultraviolet/humidity weathering. The results of the mechanical assessment are supported by structure, surface, and chemistry examination in order to reveal the failure mechanism of the composites. Composites with the electropolymerisation treatment exhibited an increase of 11.8% in interlaminar shear strength, while APP treatment improved the property of 23.9%, rendering both surface treatments effective in increasing the fibre-matrix adhesion. Finally, it was proven that the developed composites can withstand operational conditions in the long term, rendering them suitable for a wide variety of structural and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisis Semitekolos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
| | - Georgios Konstantopoulos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
| | - Craig Jones
- The Welding Institute, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK; (C.J.); (A.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Amit Rana
- The Welding Institute, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK; (C.J.); (A.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Christopher Graham
- The Welding Institute, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK; (C.J.); (A.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Mauro Giorcelli
- Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107724030
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The Impact of Carbon Nanofibres on the Interfacial Properties of CFRPs Produced with Sized Carbon Fibres. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203457. [PMID: 34685216 PMCID: PMC8541048 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, different amounts of CNFs were added into a complex formulation to coat the CFs surfaces via sizing in order to enhance the bonding between the fibre and the resin in the CF-reinforced polymer composites. The sized CFs bundles were characterised by SEM and Raman. The nanomechanical properties of the composite materials produced were assessed by the nanoindentation test. The interfacial properties of the fibre and resin were evaluated by a push-out method developed on nanoindentation. The average interfacial shear strength of the fibre/matrix interface could be calculated by the critical load, sheet thickness and fibre diameter. The contact angle measurements and resin spreadability were performed prior to nanoindentation to investigate the wetting properties of the fibre. After the push-out tests, the characterisation via optical microscopy/SEM was carried out to ratify the results. It was found the CFs sizing with CNFs (1 to 10 wt%) could generally increase the interfacial shear strength but it was more cost-effective with a small amount of evenly distributed CNFs on CFs.
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