1
|
de Ferreyro Monticelli D, Bhandari S, Eykelbosh A, Henderson SB, Giang A, Zimmerman N. Cannabis Cultivation Facilities: A Review of Their Air Quality Impacts from the Occupational to Community Scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2880-2896. [PMID: 35138823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses knowledge gaps in cannabis cultivation facility (CCF) air emissions by synthesizing the peer-reviewed and gray literature. Focus areas include compounds emitted, air quality indoors and outdoors, odor assessment, and the potential health effects of emitted compounds. Studies suggest that β-myrcene is a tracer candidate for CCF biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Furthermore, β-myrcene, d-limonene, terpinolene, and α-pinene are often reported in air samples collected in and around CCF facilities. The BVOC emission strength per dry weight of plant is higher than most conventional agriculture crops. Nevertheless, reported total CCF BVOC emissions are lower compared with VOCs from other industries. Common descriptors of odors coming from CCFs include "skunky", "herbal", and "pungent". However, there are few peer-reviewed studies addressing the odor impacts of CCFs outdoors. Atmospheric modeling has been limited to back trajectory models of tracers and ozone impact assessment. Health effects of CCFs are mostly related to odor annoyance or occupational hazards. We identify 16 opportunities for future studies, including an emissions database by strain and stage of life (growing cycle) and odor-related setback guidelines. Exploration and implementation of key suggestions presented in this work may help regulators and the industry reduce the environmental footprint of CCF facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davi de Ferreyro Monticelli
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Sahil Bhandari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Angela Eykelbosh
- National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Sarah B Henderson
- Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Amanda Giang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Naomi Zimmerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hawko C, Verriele M, Hucher N, Crunaire S, Leger C, Locoge N, Savary G. A review of environmental odor quantification and qualification methods: The question of objectivity in sensory analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148862. [PMID: 34328921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For several years, various issues have up surged linked to odor nuisances with impacts on health and economic concerns. As awareness grew, recent development in instrumental techniques and sensorial analysis have emerged offering efficient and complementary approaches regarding environmental odor monitoring and control. While chemical analysis faces several obstacles, the sensory approach can help overcome them. Therefore, this latter may be considered as subjective, putting the reliability of the studies at risk. This paper is a review of the most commonly sensory methodology used for quantitative and qualitative environmental assessment of odor intensity (OI), odor concentration (OC), odor nature (ON) and hedonic tone (HT). For each of these odor dimensions, the assessment techniques are presented and compared: panel characteristics are discussed; laboratory and field studies are considered and the objectivity of the results is debated. For odor quantification, the use of a reference scale for OI assessment offers less subjectivity than other techniques but at the expense of ease-of-use. For OC assessment, the use of dynamic olfactometry was shown to be the least biased. For odor qualification, the ON description was less subjective when a reference-based lexicon was used but at the expense of simplicity, cost, and lesser panel-training requirements. Only when assessing HT was subjectivity an accepted feature because it reflects the impacted communities' acceptance of odorous emissions. For all discussed dimensions, field studies were shown to be the least biased due to the absence of air sampling, except for OC, where the dispersion modeling approach also showed great potential. In conclusion, this paper offers the reader a guide for environmental odor sensory analysis with the capacity to choose among different methods depending on the study nature, expectations, and capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Hawko
- IMT Lille Douai, SAGE, Université de Lille, F-59500 Douai, France; Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Marie Verriele
- IMT Lille Douai, SAGE, Université de Lille, F-59500 Douai, France
| | - Nicolas Hucher
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Sabine Crunaire
- IMT Lille Douai, SAGE, Université de Lille, F-59500 Douai, France
| | | | - Nadine Locoge
- IMT Lille Douai, SAGE, Université de Lille, F-59500 Douai, France
| | - Géraldine Savary
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600 Le Havre, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akmal T, Jamil F. Testing the Role of Waste Management and Environmental Quality on Health Indicators Using Structural Equation Modeling in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084193. [PMID: 33920996 PMCID: PMC8071428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Improper management of municipal waste has become a growing concern globally due to its impact on the environment, health, and overall living conditions of households in cities. Waste production has increased because households do not adopt waste management practices that ensure sustainability. Previous studies on household waste management often considered socio-economic aspects and overlooked the environmental and behavioral factors influencing the disposal practices and health status. This study adopted four constructs, defensive attitude, environmental knowledge, environmental quality, and waste disposal, by employing a structural equation modeling approach to explore research objectives. Data from 849 households of the Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan was collected by using a multi-stage sampling technique. The structural model results showed that the two constructs, environmental knowledge and defensive behavior, positively affect household health status. The most significant health-related considerations are waste disposal and environmental quality, both of which negatively impact health status and do not support our hypothesis. The results provide valuable perspectives to enable households to engage actively in waste management activities. The findings indicate that understanding the intentions of household health status drivers can assist policymakers and agencies in promoting an efficient and successful community programmes related to sustainable solid waste management by allowing them to foster how the desired behavior can be achieved.
Collapse
|
4
|
Assessing Health Damages from Improper Disposal of Solid Waste in Metropolitan Islamabad–Rawalpindi, Pakistan. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization in developing countries leads to a dramatic increase in solid waste production, with serious socio-economic and ecological impacts. In order to avoid the associated hazards, particularly those related to human health and the environment, solid waste management is indispensable. Disposal of municipal waste that predominantly comprises household and commercial refuse has become a daunting task for local governments and municipalities of Pakistan. Issues related to both inadequacy of service delivery and inappropriate disposal signify that waste management should be high on the local environment policy agenda. In particular, the external cost of waste management is high, and cost recovery of refuse collection may cause the exclusion of many households and additional costs on the households that avail themselves of the service. In this study, we carried out an evaluation of the health damage caused by improper waste disposal in a sample of heterogeneous households. The study shows a framework for evaluating the damages caused by inadequate waste management practices. The results indicate that irregular disposal in the vicinity of residents causes illness: respondents living within 100 m are more vulnerable to malaria, dengue, and asthma than those living more than 500 m away. Moreover, the findings highlight that households lack knowledge of waste hazards and 75.9% of waste is not segregated. We suggest a subsidized waste collection and disposal service provided either by the local government or by outsourcing.
Collapse
|
5
|
Burgués J, Marco S. Environmental chemical sensing using small drones: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141172. [PMID: 32805561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in miniaturization of chemical instrumentation and in low-cost small drones are catalyzing exponential growth in the use of such platforms for environmental chemical sensing applications. The versatility of chemically sensitive drones is reflected by their rapid adoption in scientific, industrial, and regulatory domains, such as in atmospheric research studies, industrial emission monitoring, and in enforcement of environmental regulations. As a result of this interdisciplinarity, progress to date has been reported across a broad spread of scientific and non-scientific databases, including scientific journals, press releases, company websites, and field reports. The aim of this paper is to assemble all of these pieces of information into a comprehensive, structured and updated review of the field of chemical sensing using small drones. We exhaustively review current and emerging applications of this technology, as well as sensing platforms and algorithms developed by research groups and companies for tasks such as gas concentration mapping, source localization, and flux estimation. We conclude with a discussion of the most pressing technological and regulatory limitations in current practice, and how these could be addressed by future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Burgués
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Marco
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Nardo A, Bortone I, Chianese S, Di Natale M, Erto A, Santonastaso GF, Musmarra D. Odorous emission reduction from a waste landfill with an optimal protection system based on fuzzy logic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14755-14765. [PMID: 29968215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective landfill management and operation require an accurate evaluation of the occurrence and extent of odour emission events, which are among the main causes of resident complaints and concerns, in particular in densely urbanised areas. This paper proposes a fuzzy optimal protection system (FOPS) based on fuzzy logic to manage odour production from a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. The case study is a MSW landfill in an old quarry site located 6 km north-west of Naples city centre (Italy). The aim is to reduce the odour nuisance in the area surrounding the landfill where there are several sensitive receptors. FOPS is based on logical relationships between local atmospheric dynamics, number and intensity of odour pollution events detected by certain fixed receptors and odour emission rate via an optimal fuzzy approach. Such system allows to start, in real time, established mitigation actions required to further reduce the odorous emissions from the landfill itself (e.g. spraying of perfumed substances and activation of extraction wells), especially when weather conditions might not be favourable and cause by causing a higher odour perception. The fuzzy system was coupled with the air pollutant transport software CALPUFF to simulate the odour dispersion in the considered area taking into account both different odour emission rates and local weather conditions. FOPS results show that this approach can be very useful as, by measuring the odour concentrations, a significant reduction of the odour exceedances over the thresholds fixed, to minimise the olfactory harassment, was observed in the whole area studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Di Nardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Bortone
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, UK
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| | - Michele Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro Erto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weitensfelder L, Moshammer H, Öttl D, Payer I. Exposure-complaint relationships of various environmental odor sources in Styria, Austria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9806-9815. [PMID: 30734914 PMCID: PMC6469823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the planning and authorization process of industrial plants or agricultural buildings, it needs to be ensured that odor emissions do not annoy nearby residents in an unacceptable way. Previous studies have shown that odor-hour frequency is an important predictor for odor annoyance. However, odor-hour frequencies can be assessed for day and night separately. The present study relates complaint rates with different odor types and different metrics of frequency calculated via a dispersion model. Binary logistic regression analyses show that odor type and frequency of odor-hours are important predictors for complaints, while type of residential area does not increase the predictive value of the model. The combination of calculated frequency of day time odor-hours and type of odor explains complaint rates best. It is recommended to keep odor emissions as low as possible, especially for highly annoying odor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Weitensfelder
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Öttl
- Air Quality Control, Government of Styria, Landhausgasse 7, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Payer
- Air Quality Control, Government of Styria, Landhausgasse 7, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keck M, Mager K, Weber K, Keller M, Frei M, Steiner B, Schrade S. Odour impact from farms with animal husbandry and biogas facilities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1432-1443. [PMID: 30248865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural biogas facilities are usually combined with animal husbandry. Their siting near residential areas can lead to odour complaints by residents. The aim of this study was to identify relevant odour sources, to record odour impact, and to determine the main variables influencing odour impact. Therefore, a combined approach was designed to account for individual odour sources as well as the farms as a whole. On eight farms with cattle husbandry and biogas facilities, two of which kept pigs and poultry, the odour-relevant area sources ranged between 475 and 1810 m2. Solid manure from poultry, cattle and horses as well as grass cuttings, vegetable peelings, liquid-silage effluent and fermentation residues figured among the odour-intensive sources, in addition to biogas. Odour-plume inspections were performed at various distances from the farm, and assessors determined their odour perception and -intensities. The odour intensity in the downwind plume axis was explainable in a linear mixed-effects model by distance (p < 0.001), emitting surface area (p = 0.002) and wind speed (p = 0.018). As distance increased, odour intensity decreased by a factor of two per 50 m. Higher odour intensities resulted from larger surface areas in the animal enclosure, substrate storage, or especially odour-relevant sources. A mixture of odours was frequently perceived in the odour plume. If biogas escaped, an increase in odour impact was recognisable (p = 0.021). Biogas leakage should be avoided with a sufficiently large storage capacity, process optimisation, and regular servicing. In summary, animal husbandry and biogas facilities are to be viewed as an entire plant in terms of downwind odour perception. In planning processes for biogas facilities with animal husbandry, great care in the choice of site is called for, as are structural-technical and organisational measures for abatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margret Keck
- Agroscope, Tänikon 1, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Beat Steiner
- Agroscope, Tänikon 1, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Research on odor interaction between aldehyde compounds via a partial differential equation (PDE) model. SENSORS 2015; 15:2888-901. [PMID: 25635413 PMCID: PMC4367339 DOI: 10.3390/s150202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the odor interaction of binary odor mixtures, a series of odor intensity evaluation tests were performed using both individual components and binary mixtures of aldehydes. Based on the linear relation between the logarithm of odor activity value and odor intensity of individual substances, the relationship between concentrations of individual constituents and their joint odor intensity was investigated by employing a partial differential equation (PDE) model. The obtained results showed that the binary odor interaction was mainly influenced by the mixing ratio of two constituents, but not the concentration level of an odor sample. Besides, an extended PDE model was also proposed on the basis of the above experiments. Through a series of odor intensity matching tests for several different binary odor mixtures, the extended PDE model was proved effective at odor intensity prediction. Furthermore, odorants of the same chemical group and similar odor type exhibited similar characteristics in the binary odor interaction. The overall results suggested that the PDE model is a more interpretable way of demonstrating the odor interactions of binary odor mixtures.
Collapse
|
10
|
Niu ZG, Xu SY, Gong QC. Health risk assessment of odors emitted from urban wastewater pump stations in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:10349-10360. [PMID: 24817679 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the potential adverse health effects of odor emissions from wastewater pump stations (WWPSs) to human, a health risk assessment was performed to study the odors emitted from an urban WWPS in a residential area, Tianjin (in North China). First, 15 types of volatile organic compounds in the WWPS were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Next, Monte Carlo probabilistic modeling was applied to evaluate the potential health effects of four odors (chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide), which had higher concentrations. The results revealed that the 95th percentile of the total non-carcinogenic risk was approximately 1.73, which poses a threat to human health. In addition, hydrogen sulfide had the highest non-carcinogenic risk value of the four; the hazard quotient of hydrogen sulfide was estimated to be 1.60 at the 95th percentile, higher than the upper confidence limit (1.0). The 95th percentile of the carcinogenic risk was approximately 5.47E-08, much lower than the maximum acceptable level (1.0E-06). Finally, the influence of the input variables on the output was evaluated using sensitivity analysis, and contaminant concentration, reference concentration, and inhalation unit risk were the most influential variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guang Niu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sankoh FP, Yan X, Tran Q. Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Disposal in Developing Cities: A Case Study of Granville Brook Dumpsite, Freetown, Sierra Leone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2013.47076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Heaney CD, Wing S, Campbell RL, Caldwell D, Hopkins B, Richardson D, Yeatts K. Relation between malodor, ambient hydrogen sulfide, and health in a community bordering a landfill. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:847-52. [PMID: 21679938 PMCID: PMC3143289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Municipal solid waste landfills are sources of air pollution that may affect the health and quality of life of neighboring communities. OBJECTIVES To investigate health and quality of life concerns of neighbors related to landfill air pollution. METHODS Landfill neighbors were enrolled and kept twice-daily diaries for 14d about odor intensity, alteration of daily activities, mood states, and irritant and other physical symptoms between January and November 2009. Concurrently, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) air measurements were recorded every 15-min. Relationships between H(2)S, odor, and health outcomes were evaluated using conditional fixed effects regression models. RESULTS Twenty-three participants enrolled and completed 878 twice-daily diary entries. H(2)S measurements were recorded over a period of 80d and 1-h average H(2)S=0.22ppb (SD=0.27; range: 0-2.30ppb). Landfill odor increased 0.63 points (on 5-point Likert-type scale) for every 1ppb increase in hourly average H(2)S when the wind was blowing from the landfill towards the community (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29, 0.91). Odor was strongly associated with reports of alteration of daily activities (odds ratio (OR)=9.0; 95% CI: 3.5, 23.5), negative mood states (OR=5.2; 95% CI: 2.8, 9.6), mucosal irritation (OR=3.7; 95% CI=2.0, 7.1) and upper respiratory symptoms (OR=3.9; 95% CI: 2.2, 7.0), but not positive mood states (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.5) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (OR=1.0; 95% CI: 0.4, 2.6). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest air pollutants from a regional landfill negatively impact the health and quality of life of neighbors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aatamila M, Verkasalo PK, Korhonen MJ, Suominen AL, Hirvonen MR, Viluksela MK, Nevalainen A. Odour annoyance and physical symptoms among residents living near waste treatment centres. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:164-170. [PMID: 21130986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Waste treatment processes produce odours and biological emissions to the environment, but their health effects are controversial. The aim of our study was to assess odour-associated self-reported physical symptoms among residents living near waste treatment centres. The study was conducted in the surroundings of five large-scale Finnish waste treatment centres with composting plants. In 2006, 1142 randomly selected residents living within 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 km of these centres were interviewed by telephone. A questionnaire with 102 items asked about respondent's personal characteristics, odour exposure and symptoms during the preceding 12 months. Physical symptoms were analysed by distance to the waste treatment centre and by the respondent's perception and annoyance of waste treatment odour. The residents who were classified as "annoyed of the odour" reported following physical symptoms more than the others did: unusual shortness of breath (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2), eye irritation (1.5, 1.1-2.1), hoarseness/dry throat (1.5, 1.1-2.0), toothache (1.4, 1.0-2.1), unusual tiredness (1.5, 1.1-2.0), fever/shivering (1.7, 1.1-2.5), joint pain (1.5, 1.1-2.1) and muscular pain (1.5, 1.1-2.0). Moreover, the ORs for almost all other physical symptoms were elevated among the annoyed respondents. Reported odour annoyance near the waste treatment centres showed an association with many physical symptoms among residents living in the neighbouring areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjaleena Aatamila
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|