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Sørås R, Fjelldal MA, Bech C, van der Kooij J, Eldegard K, Stawski C. High latitude northern bats (Eptesicus nilssonii) reveal adaptations to both high and low ambient temperatures. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245260. [PMID: 37815465 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Insectivorous bats at northern latitudes need to cope with long periods of no food for large parts of the year. Hence, bats which are resident at northern latitudes throughout the year will need to undergo a long hibernation season and a short reproductive season where foraging time is limited by extended daylight periods. Eptesicus nilssonii is the northernmost occurring bat species worldwide and hibernates locally when ambient temperatures (Ta) limit prey availability. Therefore, we investigated the energy spent maintaining normothermy at different Ta, as well as how much bats limit energy expenditure while in torpor. We found that, despite being exposed to Ta as low as 1.1°C, bats did not increase torpid metabolic rate, thus indicating that E. nilssonii can survive and hibernate at low ambient temperatures. Furthermore, we found a lower critical temperature (Tlc) of 27.8°C, which is lower than in most other vespertilionid bats, and we found no indication of any metabolic response to Ta up to 37.1°C. Interestingly, carbon dioxide production increased with increasing Ta above the Tlc, presumably caused by a release of retained CO2 in bats that remained in torpor for longer and aroused at Ta above the Tlc. Our results indicate that E. nilssonii can thermoconform at near-freezing Ta, and hence maintain longer torpor bouts with limited energy expenditure, yet also cope with high Ta when sun exposed in roosts during long summer days. These physiological traits are likely to enable the species to cope with ongoing and predicted climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Sørås
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Mari Aas Fjelldal
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Claus Bech
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Jeroen van der Kooij
- Nature Education, Research and Consultancy van der Kooij, Rudsteinveien 67, Slattum NO-1480, Norway
| | - Katrine Eldegard
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, Ås NO-1433, Norway
| | - Clare Stawski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
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van der Kooij J, Vernes SC, Teeling EC, Mai M, Johannessen LE, Gundersen G. The genome sequence of the northern bat, Eptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839). Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:362. [PMID: 38774491 PMCID: PMC11106602 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19896.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual Eptesicus nilssonii (the northern bat; Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Vespertilionidae), derived from the placental tissue of a pregnancy that resulted a male pup. The genome sequence is 2,064.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 26 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.04 kilobases in length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja C. Vernes
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England, UK
| | - Meike Mai
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective
- Independent researcher, Slattum, Norway
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England, UK
- Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme
- Independent researcher, Slattum, Norway
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England, UK
- Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective
- Independent researcher, Slattum, Norway
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England, UK
- Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tree of Life Core Informatics collective
- Independent researcher, Slattum, Norway
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England, UK
- Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Festa F, Ancillotto L, Santini L, Pacifici M, Rocha R, Toshkova N, Amorim F, Benítez-López A, Domer A, Hamidović D, Kramer-Schadt S, Mathews F, Radchuk V, Rebelo H, Ruczynski I, Solem E, Tsoar A, Russo D, Razgour O. Bat responses to climate change: a systematic review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:19-33. [PMID: 36054527 PMCID: PMC10087939 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how species respond to climate change is key to informing vulnerability assessments and designing effective conservation strategies, yet research efforts on wildlife responses to climate change fail to deliver a representative overview due to inherent biases. Bats are a species-rich, globally distributed group of organisms that are thought to be particularly sensitive to the effects of climate change because of their high surface-to-volume ratios and low reproductive rates. We systematically reviewed the literature on bat responses to climate change to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge, identify research gaps and biases and highlight future research needs. We found that studies are geographically biased towards Europe, North America and Australia, and temperate and Mediterranean biomes, thus missing a substantial proportion of bat diversity and thermal responses. Less than half of the published studies provide concrete evidence for bat responses to climate change. For over a third of studied bat species, response evidence is only based on predictive species distribution models. Consequently, the most frequently reported responses involve range shifts (57% of species) and changes in patterns of species diversity (26%). Bats showed a variety of responses, including both positive (e.g. range expansion and population increase) and negative responses (range contraction and population decrease), although responses to extreme events were always negative or neutral. Spatial responses varied in their outcome and across families, with almost all taxonomic groups featuring both range expansions and contractions, while demographic responses were strongly biased towards negative outcomes, particularly among Pteropodidae and Molossidae. The commonly used correlative modelling approaches can be applied to many species, but do not provide mechanistic insight into behavioural, physiological, phenological or genetic responses. There was a paucity of experimental studies (26%), and only a small proportion of the 396 bat species covered in the examined studies were studied using long-term and/or experimental approaches (11%), even though they are more informative about the effects of climate change. We emphasise the need for more empirical studies to unravel the multifaceted nature of bats' responses to climate change and the need for standardised study designs that will enable synthesis and meta-analysis of the literature. Finally, we stress the importance of overcoming geographic and taxonomic disparities through strengthening research capacity in the Global South to provide a more comprehensive view of terrestrial biodiversity responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Festa
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Research and Innovation Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 32, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Michela Pacifici
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 32, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Nia Toshkova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.,National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Francisco Amorim
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ana Benítez-López
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cartuja TA-10, Edificio I, C. Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Calle Prof. Vicente Callao, 3, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Adi Domer
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Daniela Hamidović
- Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, Institute for Environment and Nature, Radnička cesta 80, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Biospelological Society, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiona Mathews
- University of Sussex, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Viktoriia Radchuk
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ireneusz Ruczynski
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Estelle Solem
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Asaf Tsoar
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Southern District Omer Industrial Park, P.O. Box 302, Omer, Israel
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Orly Razgour
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Streatham Campus, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
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Andrews PT, Andrews MM, McOwat TP, Culyer P, Haycock RJ, Haycock AN, Harries DJ, Andrews NP, Stebbings RE. Foraging Time and Temperature Affected Birth Timing of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Predicted Year-To-Year Changes for 25 Years in a Population in West Wales, U.K. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Andrews
- Department of Physics, Liverpool University, Liverpool L69 5BX, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M. Andrews
- Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P. McOwat
- 19 Parc Puw, Drefach Velindre, Llandysul, Wales, SA44 5UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Culyer
- Natural Resources Wales, Stackpole, Wales, SA71 5DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Haycock
- CCW, Stackpole, 1 Rushmoor Martletwy, Pembrokeshire, Wales, SA67 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Ann N. Haycock
- 1 Rushmoor Martletwy, Pembrokeshire, Wales, SA67 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Harries
- Somerton Cottage, Hundleton, Pembrokeshire, Wales, SA71 5RX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert E. Stebbings
- ITE, Willowbrook House, 76 Park Street, King's Cliffe, Peterborough, PE8 6XN, United Kingdom
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7
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Rydell J, Elfström M, Eklöf J, Sánchez-Navarro S. Dramatic decline of northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii in Sweden over 30 years. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191754. [PMID: 32257332 PMCID: PMC7062070 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We monitored northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) acoustically along a 27 km road transect at weekly intervals in 1988, 1989 and 1990, and again in 2016 and 2017. The methodology of data collection and the transect were the same throughout, except that the insect-attracting mercury-vapour street-lights along parts of the road were replaced by sodium lights between the two survey periods. Counts along sections of the transect with and without street-lights were analysed separately. The frequency of bat encounters in unlit sections showed an average decline of 3.0% per year, corresponding to a reduction of 59% between 1988 and 2017. Sections with street-lights showed an 85% decline over the same period (6.3% per year). The decline represents a real reduction in the abundance of bats rather than an artefact of changed distribution of bats away from roads. Our study conforms with another long-term survey of the same species on the Baltic island of Gotland. Our results agree with predictions based on climate change models. They also indicate that the decline was caused directly by the disuse of the insect-attracting mercury-vapour street-lights, which may have resulted in lower availability of preferred prey (moths). In the 1980s, E. nilssonii was considered the most common bat in Sweden, but the subsequent decline would rather qualify it for vulnerable or endangered status in the national Red List of Threatened Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rydell
- Biology Department, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Elfström
- EnviroPlanning AB, Lilla Bommen 5C, 411 04 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Natural Resources and Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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