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Robles Jimenez LE, Aguirre EA, Cruz MDLAC, Schettino-Bermúdez B, Gutiérrez-Tolentino R, Chay-Canul AJ, Garcia-Herrera RA, Ghavipanje N, Castelan Ortega OA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M. Inclusion of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) and pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata) in dairy sheep diets. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300864. [PMID: 38635849 PMCID: PMC11025919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed (CS) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed (PS) are used in ruminant diets as energy sources. The current experiment studied the impact of dietary inclusion of CS and PS on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition of dairy sheep. Twelve primiparous Texel × Suffolk ewes [70 ± 5 days in milk (DIM); 0.320 ± 0.029 kg milk yield] were distributed in a 4 × 3 Latin square design and fed either a butter-based control diet [CON; 13 g/kg dry matter] or two diets with 61 g/kg DM of either CS or PS. Dietary inclusion of CS and PS did not alter live weight (p >0.1) and DM intake (p >0.1). However, compared to the CON, dietary inclusion of both CS and PS increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (p <0.001) and acid detergent lignin (p < 0.001). Milk production (p = 0.001), fat-corrected milk (p < 0.001), and feed efficiency (p < 0.001) were enhanced with PS, while the highest milk protein yield (p < 0.05) and lactose yield (p < 0.001) were for CS-fed ewes. Compared to the CON diet, the ingestion of either CS and/or PS decreased (p < 0.001) the C16:0 in milk. Moreover, both CS and PS tended to enhance the content of C18:3n6 (p > 0.05) and C18:3n3 (p > 0.05). Overall short-term feeding of CS and/or PS (up to 6.1% DM of diet) not only maintains the production performance and digestibility of nutrients but also positively modifies the milk FA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth E. Robles Jimenez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edgar Aranda Aguirre
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Beatriz Schettino-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Rey Gutiérrez-Tolentino
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Alfonso J. Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Ricardo A. Garcia-Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Navid Ghavipanje
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Octavio A. Castelan Ortega
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
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Zhang F, Luo J, Shi C, Zhu L, He Q, Tian H, Wu J, Zhao J, Li C. Genome-wide analysis of the acyl-coenzyme A synthetase family and their association with the formation of goat milk flavour. Front Genet 2022; 13:980463. [PMID: 36160020 PMCID: PMC9490004 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.980463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk is rich in fat and protein, thus, has high nutritional values and benefits human health. However, goaty flavour is a major concern that interferes with consumer acceptability of goat milk and the 4-alkyl-branched-chain fatty acids (vBCFAs) are the major substances relevant to the goaty flavour in goat milk. Previous research reported that the acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSs) play a key role in the activation of fatty acids, which is a prerequisite for fatty acids entering anabolic and catabolic processes and highly involved in the regulation of vBCFAs metabolism. Although ACS genes have been identified in humans and mice, they have not been systematically characterized in goats. In this research, we performed genome-wide characterization of the ACS genes in goats, identifying that a total of 25 ACS genes (without ACSM2A) were obtained in the Capra hircus and each ACS protein contained the conserved AMP-binding domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that out of the 25 genes, 21 belonged to the ACSS, ACSM, ACSL, ACSVL, and ACSBG subfamilies. However, AACS, AASDH, ACSF, and ACSF3 genes were not classified in the common evolutionary branch and belonged to the ACS superfamily. The genes in the same clade had similar conserved structures, motifs and protein domains. The expression analysis showed that the majority of ACS genes were expressed in multi tissues. The comparative analysis of expression patterns in non-lactation and lactation mammary glands of goat, sheep and cow indicated that ACSS2 and ACSF3 genes may participate in the formation mechanisms of goaty flavour in goat milk. In conclusion, current research provides important genomic resources and expression information for ACSs in goats, which will support further research on investigating the formation mechanisms of the goaty flavour in goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Luo
- *Correspondence: Jun Luo, ; Cong Li,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cong Li
- *Correspondence: Jun Luo, ; Cong Li,
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3
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Huang L, Luo J, Gao W, Song N, Tian H, Zhu L, Jiang Q, Loor JJ. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Knockout of miR-24 Reduces Cholesterol and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Content in Primary Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:2012. [PMID: 35885255 PMCID: PMC9316712 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In nonruminants, microRNA (miRNA)-24 plays an important role in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and the liver. Although the abundance of miR-24 in ruminant mammary glands is the highest during peak lactation, its potential role in regulating the synthesis and secretion of fat into milk is unclear. This study aimed to identify the function of miR-24 in these processes using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). A single clone containing a 66-nucleotide deletion between two sgRNAs mediating double-strand break (DSB) sites was obtained. The abundance of miR-24-3p and miR-24-5p encoded by the deleted sequence was decreased, whereas the target genes INSIG1 and FASN increased. In addition, miR-24 knockout reduced the gene abundance of genes associated with fatty acid and TAG synthesis and transcription regulator. Similarly, the content of cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) C18:1 decreased, whereas that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) C18:2, C20:3, C20:4 and C20:5 increased. Subsequently, knocking down of INSIG1 but not FASN reversed the effect of miR-24 knockout, indicating that miR-24 modulated cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis mainly by targeting INSIG1. Overall, the present in vitro data demonstrated a critical role for miR-24 in regulating lipid and fatty acid synthesis and highlighted the possibility of manipulating milk components in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wenchang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ning Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (W.G.); (N.S.); (H.T.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Pedersen NC, Khushvakov J, Ye Y, Dhakal R, Hansen HH, Ahrné L, Khakimov B. Effect of Supplementing Dairy Goat Diets With Rapeseed Oil or Sunflower Oil on Performance, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and in vitro Fermentation Kinetics. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899314. [PMID: 35782564 PMCID: PMC9244143 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing dairy goat diets with rapeseed oil and sunflower oil on performance, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and in vitro fermentation kinetics. Nine Danish Landrace goats with 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days. Animals received a basal diet, formulated with 85:15 forage:concentrate ratio, and the basal diet was supplemented with either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil at 4% of dry matter. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. Milk composition was similar between treatments. From day 14 to day 42, milk yield increased (1.03 vs. 1.34 kg/d), while milk fat (2.72 vs. 1.82 g/d) and total solids (11.2 vs. 9.14 %) were reduced. Compared to control and rapeseed oil, sunflower decreased (P < 0.05) C4:0 (1.56, and 1.67 vs. 1.36 g/100 g) and both oils decreased (P < 0.05) C18:3n3 (0.60 vs. 0.20 and 0.10 g/100g). Rapeseed oil increased (P < 0.05) C18:2 cis9, trans11 compared to control and sunflower oil (0.37 vs. 0.13 and 0.19 g/100 g). Untargeted milk foodomics revealed slightly elevated (P < 0.05) gluconic acid and decreased hippuric acid (P < 0.05) in the milk of oil-fed goats compared to control. In vitro dry matter degradation (63.2 ± 0.02 %) was not affected by dietary treatments, while individual volatile fatty acid proportions, total volatile fatty acids (35.7 ± 2.44 mmol/l), CO2 (18.6 ± 1.15 mol), and CH4 (11.6 ± 1.16 mol) were not affected by dietary treatments. Sunflower oil and rapeseed oil decreased (P < 0.05) total gas production at 24 and 48 h compared with control. Overall, the use of sunflower oil or rapeseed oil at 4% DM inclusion did not compromise animal performance and milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
| | - Nanna Camilla Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jaloliddin Khushvakov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Yongxin Ye
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rajan Dhakal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne H. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lilia Ahrné
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Bekzod Khakimov
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5
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Dauber C, Carreras T, Casarotto Daniel G, Cabrera F, Liscano A, Vicente G, Britos A, Carro S, Cajarville C, Gámbaro A, Vieitez I. Adding sunflower or soybean oil to goat’s pasture-based diet improves the lipid profile without changing the sensory characteristics of milk. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2056464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Dauber
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tatiana Carreras
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Casarotto Daniel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Cabrera
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Leche, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Liscano
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Leche, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Vicente
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Leche, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Britos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Carro
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Leche, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Cajarville
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Gámbaro
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Vieitez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Huang L, Luo J, Song N, Gao W, Zhu L, Yao W. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of miR-130b Affects Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content via PPARG-PGC1α Axis in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3640. [PMID: 35409000 PMCID: PMC8998713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-130b, as a regulator of lipid metabolism in adipose and mammary gland tissues, is actively involved in lipogenesis, but its endogenous role in fatty acid synthesis remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of miR-130b in fatty acid synthesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in primary goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC). A single clone with deletion of 43 nucleotides showed a significant decrease in miR-130b-5p and miR-130b-3p abundances and an increase of target genes PGC1α and PPARG. In addition, knockout of miR-130b promoted triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol accumulation, and decreased the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) C16:1, C18:1 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) C18:2, C20:3, C20:4, C20:5, C22:6. Similarly, the abundance of fatty acid synthesis genes ACACA and FASN and transcription regulators SREBP1c and SREBP2 was elevated. Subsequently, interference with PPARG instead of PGC1α in knockout cells restored the effect of miR-130b knockout, suggesting that PPARG is responsible for miR-130b regulating fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, disrupting PPARG inhibits PGC1α transcription and translation. These results reveal that miR-130b directly targets the PPARG-PGC1α axis, to inhibit fatty acid synthesis in GMEC. In conclusion, miR-130b could be a potential molecular regulator for improving the beneficial fatty acids content in goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (L.H.); (N.S.); (W.G.); (L.Z.); (W.Y.)
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7
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Khushvakov J, Ye Y, Pedersen NC, Hansen HH, Ahrné L, Khakimov B. Goat Milk Foodomics. Dietary Supplementation of Sunflower Oil and Rapeseed Oil Modify Milk Amino Acid and Organic Acid Profiles in Dairy Goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:837229. [PMID: 35400103 PMCID: PMC8987497 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.837229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary supplementation of vegetable oils is known to improve the dietary energy density as well as milk fatty acid profile; however, the impacts on the milk foodome is largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of two different sources of unsaturated fatty acids, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, as a feeding supplement on the milk foodome from dairy goats. Nine Danish Landrace goats at 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days with three animals per group. A control group received a basal diet made of forage and concentrate at an 85:15 ratio. On top of the basal diet, the second and third groups received rapeseed oil or sunflower oil supplements at 4% of dry matter, respectively. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. The milk foodome was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The milk levels of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, oxaloacetic acid, and taurine were higher in the milk from goats fed with sunflower oil compared to the control group. More glucose-1-phosphate was found in the milk from goats fed with rapeseed oil compared to the control group. Amino acids, valine and tyrosine, and 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid and oxaloacetic acid were higher in the sunflower group compared to the rapeseed group, while the milk from the rapeseed-fed goats had greater levels of ethanol and 2-oxoglutaric acid compared to the sunflower group. Thus, results show that foodomics is suitable for studying how milk chemistry changes as a function of feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
| | - Jaloliddin Khushvakov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Yongxin Ye
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Camilla Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Helene Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lilia Ahrné
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Bekzod Khakimov
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8
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Luo S, Song Y, Wang R, Yao J, Dai Y, Chen J, Yu D, Wang L. Preparation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by Ultrasound-assisted Nanonickel Catalyst Isomerization of Sunflower Oil. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1357-1366. [PMID: 34497182 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A homemade nanonickel catalyst was made by the ultrasonic liquid-phase reduction method, characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and applied to the isomerization reaction of high linoleic acid sunflower oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis showed that the homemade nickel particles were spherical, uniformly dispersed, less agglomerated, 20 to 75 nm in size, and nanoscale nickel powder. Compared with commercially available Raney nickel, the homemade nanonickel powder has a larger specific surface area, smaller pore size and higher catalytic activity. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the homemade nanonickel powder had distinct diffraction peaks at its characteristic peaks which indicated that the powder was pure nickel. The nanometal nickel particles are fully dispersed in high oleic sunflower oil under the action of ultrasound. The results showed that it could effectively reduce the activation reaction time of nanonickel, and the conversion rate of conjugated linoleic acid could reach 86.24%. The process of activating the catalyst is omitted, the number of times of repeated uses of the nanonickel catalyst is increased, and the environmental pollution of the production is avoided. To obtain sunflower oil rich in CLA, it also provides a new idea for the preparation of conjugated linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunian Luo
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce.,Jiusan Food Co., LTD
| | - Yang Song
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce
| | - Ruiying Wang
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce
| | - Jing Yao
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce
| | - Yajie Dai
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Dianyu Yu
- School of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Liqi Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce.,School of Computer and Information Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce
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9
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Effect of Linseeds and Hemp Seeds on Milk Production, Energy and Nitrogen Balance, and Methane Emissions in the Dairy Goat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092717. [PMID: 34573683 PMCID: PMC8470940 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The inclusion of whole oilseeds in the diets of ruminants can be a useful strategy for reducing methane emissions and improving milk quality. This study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of whole hemp seeds or linseeds in the diet of dairy goats. The results showed that neither seed caused a reduction in methane emission or an increase in milk yield, but both seeds improved the milk quality in terms of fatty acid composition. Abstract The effect of whole linseeds or hemp seeds on milk production, energy and nitrogen balance, and methane emission was studied in 12 Alpine goats using respiration chambers. Diets tested were a control diet (C) and two diets supplemented with whole linseeds (L) or hemp seeds (H) at 9.3% on a dry matter (DM) basis. DM intake was similar among treatments, whereas DM and organic matter digestibility were lower for L compared to C. Milk yield (2.30 kg/d on average) and rumen fermentation profile were not affected by treatments. Treatment also did not affect the milk composition, with the exception of fat, which was higher in H and L compared to C (4.21, 3.94, and 3.20%, respectively). Oilseed supplementation caused a reduction in the concentration of de novo fatty acids (FA) (41.1, 48.8, and 64.1% of FA, for L, H, and C, respectively). Moreover, L and H diets reduced the sum of saturated FA, and increased monounsaturated FA, whereas only the L diet increased the concentration of polyunsaturated FA. Regarding methane production, and nitrogen and energy balances, no differences were registered among the diets. Our research indicates that including whole linseeds and hemp seeds in the dairy goat diet is an effective strategy for increasing milk fat content and positively modifying the milk FA composition, without a change in nitrogen and energy balances, but also without a reduction in enteric methane emission.
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Elaboration of goat cheese with increased content of conjugated linoleic acid and transvaccenic acid: Fat, sensory and textural profile. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Cosentino C, Colonna MA, Musto M, Dimotta A, Freschi P, Tarricone S, Ragni M, Paolino R. Effects of dietary supplementation with extruded linseed and oregano in autochthonous goat breeds on the fatty acid profile of milk and quality of Padraccio cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1445-1453. [PMID: 33309367 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of linseed and oregano supplementation to the diet of goats on fatty acid profile and sensory properties of Padraccio, a typical cheese produced during spring through summer in the Basilicata region (southern Italy). Extruded linseed and dried oregano inflorescences were integrated in the pelleted concentrate supplementation (500 g/head per day) in 21 grazing goats that were randomly assigned, 7 per group, to the following experimental treatments: concentrate, concentrate with addition of linseed, and concentrate with addition of linseed and oregano. Pooled milk from each group was used in cheesemaking. From a nutritional perspective, integration of extruded linseed in the goat diet improved the fatty acid profile of Padraccio cheese. Moreover, the cheese from this group evidenced the highest scoring on color, flavor, texture, and overall liking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cosentino
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - M A Colonna
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario Ernesto Quagliariello, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Musto
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - A Dimotta
- Earth and Eco-System Expertise for Environmental Modeling and Restoration Company (EESEEMR), Synergy Center ITT Dublin, TU Dublin - Tallaght Campus, Dublin 24, D24 A386, Ireland
| | - P Freschi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - S Tarricone
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario Ernesto Quagliariello, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - M Ragni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario Ernesto Quagliariello, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Paolino
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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12
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Robles-Jimenez LE, Ayala-Hernández R, Romero-Bernal J, Pescador-Salas N, Castelán-Ortega OA, González-Ronquillo M. Effects of Calcium Soaps from Palm, Canola and Safflower Oils on Dry Matter Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101728. [PMID: 32977669 PMCID: PMC7650822 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of protected dietary oils on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility and milk production in dairy goats. Nine Saanen goats were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 25 days. A basal diet based on barley hay and corn silage was supplemented with 2.7% DM of calcium soaps of either palm (PO), canola (CO) or safflower (SO) oils. Data for dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and milk production was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS. Gas production data was analyzed using the procedure of non-linear regression analysis (PROC NLIN) from SAS. Nutrient intakes were not affected by treatments. However, compared with CO, the digestibility of dry matter (653 vs. 552 and 588 g/kg), organic matter (663 vs. 559 and 606 g/kg) and neutral detergent fiber (616 vs. 460 and 510 g/kg) were lowered (p < 0.001) by SO and PO. Compared with CO, in vitro gas production increased (p < 0.001) in PO and SO (174 vs. 201 and 206 mL gas/g incubated DM). Compared with PO and CO, milk production increased (p < 0.001) with SO (0.88 and 0.95 vs. 1.10 kg/d, respectively). With regard to PO and SO, CO decreased fat (34 and 35 vs. 32 g/d) and protein (35 and 38 vs. 30 g/d) in milk. In conclusion, compared to the traditional use of calcium soaps manufactured from PO, protected SO resulted in increased milk yield without negative effects on digestibility and nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (M.G.-R.)
| | - Lizbeth Esmeralda Robles-Jimenez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, CP 50000 Toluca, Mexico; (L.E.R.-J.); (R.A.-H.); (J.R.-B.); (N.P.-S.); (O.A.C.-O.)
| | - Rafael Ayala-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, CP 50000 Toluca, Mexico; (L.E.R.-J.); (R.A.-H.); (J.R.-B.); (N.P.-S.); (O.A.C.-O.)
| | - Jose Romero-Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, CP 50000 Toluca, Mexico; (L.E.R.-J.); (R.A.-H.); (J.R.-B.); (N.P.-S.); (O.A.C.-O.)
| | - Nazario Pescador-Salas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, CP 50000 Toluca, Mexico; (L.E.R.-J.); (R.A.-H.); (J.R.-B.); (N.P.-S.); (O.A.C.-O.)
| | - Octavio Alonso Castelán-Ortega
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, CP 50000 Toluca, Mexico; (L.E.R.-J.); (R.A.-H.); (J.R.-B.); (N.P.-S.); (O.A.C.-O.)
| | - Manuel González-Ronquillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, CP 50000 Toluca, Mexico; (L.E.R.-J.); (R.A.-H.); (J.R.-B.); (N.P.-S.); (O.A.C.-O.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.-B.-P.); (M.G.-R.)
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13
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Productive Performance, Milk Composition and Milk Fatty Acids of Goats Supplemented with Sunflower and Linseed Whole Seeds in Grass Silage-Based Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071143. [PMID: 32640645 PMCID: PMC7401592 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine productive performance, milk composition and milk fatty acids (FA) of goats supplemented with sunflower and linseed whole seeds in grass silage-based diets. Nine Alpine goats were grouped in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (n = 3), that included three 21-d periods. Treatments were based on grass silage offered ad libitum and a concentrate mixture supplemented with either 40 g/d of Megalac-R® (control), 80 g/d of sunflower seed (SF), or 80 g/d of linseed (LS). Dry matter intake (1292 ± 14.0 g/d) and digestibility (g/kg) of dry matter (640 ± 32.1), organic matter (668 ± 32.4), neutral detergent fiber (628 ± 41.4) and acid detergent fiber (567 ± 60.9) was not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). Treatment did not affect milk fat yield (39.9 ± 1.24 g/d), protein content (4.5 ± 0.03 %) and protein yield (34.7 ± 1.22 g/d). Compared to control, SF and LS, decreased C16:0 (28.2 vs. 23.1 and 22.4 g/100 g), and increased total C18:1 (24.1 vs. 27.6 and 28.4 g/100 g) respectively. Overall, SF and LS resulted an effective strategy for altering the FA composition of goat´s milk towards a healthier profile for humans without deleterious effects on animal performance.
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Effect of dietary inclusion of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) on goat cheese fatty acid profile and conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Boccia AC, Cusano E, Scano P, Consonni R. NMR Lipid Profile of Milk from Alpine Goats with Supplemented Hempseed and Linseed Diets. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071491. [PMID: 32218333 PMCID: PMC7181232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of goat diets with natural products to obtain milk with nutraceutical components is a common practice. In these last years, the influence of supplementation of specifically designed diets has been studied with different analytical tools in order to explore possible beneficial effects in human consumption of animal milk and milk-derived products. In this study, the lipid fraction of milk from Alpine goats undergoing different dietary regimens was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Alpine goats were fed with linseed or hempseed supplements, and after 14 weeks of treatment, milk was collected and analyzed. Results showed that feeding diets supplemented with seeds positively affected the fatty acid composition with a pronounced increase in unsaturated fatty acids for both diets compared to a control diet. Specifically, linolenic acid content was more than doubled for linseed diet compared with the hempseed and control groups, while linoleic acid greatly increased only upon hempseed supplementation. However, a number of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and higher levels of fatty acids with trans configuration were found in supplemented diets, particularly in the linseed diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Caterina Boccia
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”—SCITEC, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2369-9212
| | - Erica Cusano
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”—SCITEC, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Paola Scano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Roberto Consonni
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”—SCITEC, via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.C.)
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16
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Veshkini A, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Alamouti AA, Kouhkan F, Salehi A. Maternal supplementation with fish oil modulates inflammation-related MicroRNAs and genes in suckling lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1561-1572. [PMID: 31820306 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary n-3 long-chain fatty acids (n-3 LCFA) have been shown to modify lipid metabolism and immune function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of periparturient fish oil (FO) supplementation on the inflammation and metabolic health of ewes and their lambs at a molecular level. Prepartum ewes were fed control diet (CON, n = 12) or CON supplemented with 2% DM of calcium soap of FO (n = 12) from 28 days before until 21 days after parturition. The ewes were evaluated for plasma metabolites and milk composition. The experiment was followed by analyzing the relative transcript abundance of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma and targeted miRNA/mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in both ewes and lambs. FO treatment decreased prepartum feed intake (1812 ± 35 vs 1674 ± 33 g/day, P < 0.01), whereas the influence on plasma metabolites was negligible. Dietary FO supplementation decreased milk fat percentage (8.82 ± 0.49 vs 7.03 ± 0.45, P = 0.02) and reduced milk n-6/n-3 (P < 0.05). Also, it altered the expression of plasma-circulating miRNAs in both ewe and lamb (P < 0.05). Furthermore, maternal nutrition of FO downregulated the relative expression of miR-33a and miR-146b and transcript abundance of genes IL-1β (0.41-fold) and NF-κB (0.25-fold) in lambs' PBMC. In conclusion, results showed that FO supplementation starting antepartum affects milk composition and circulating miRNA in dams and the inflammatory markers in lambs delivered by the supplemented ewes. These may provide a strategy to maintain immune balance during gestation and develop the immune system in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Veshkini
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 3391653755, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 3391653755, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali A Alamouti
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 3391653755, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kouhkan
- Stem Cell Biology Department, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Salehi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 3391653755, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Effects of Fat Supplementation in Dairy Goats on Lipid Metabolism and Health Status. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110917. [PMID: 31689973 PMCID: PMC6912558 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an increasing demand for information on the nutraceutical properties of food. Due to its bioactive components and high digestibility, goat milk is an excellent functional food. Dietary fat supplementation can further enrich the value of goat milk by modifying its acidic profile. Nevertheless, animal health can also benefit from lipids supplied with rations. In this review, the relationships between dietary fats and goat health status are summarized. Particular attention is paid to describing the effects of specific fatty acids on lipid metabolism and immune functionality. Abstract Fat supplementation has long been used in dairy ruminant nutrition to increase the fat content of milk and supply energy during particularly challenging production phases. Throughout the years, advances have been made in the knowledge of metabolic pathways and technological treatments of dietary fatty acids (FAs), resulting in safer and more widely available lipid supplements. There is an awareness of the positive nutraceutical effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to fat supplementation, which provides consumers with healthier animal products through manipulation of their characteristics. If it is true that benefits to human health can be derived from the consumption of animal products rich in bioactive fatty acids (FAs), then it is reasonable to think that the same effect can occur in the animals to which the supplements are administered. Therefore, recent advances in fat supplementation of dairy goats with reference to the effect on health status have been summarized. In vivo trials and in vitro analysis on cultured cells, as well as histological and transcriptomic analyses of hepatic and adipose tissue, have been reviewed in order to assess documented relationships between specific FAs, lipid metabolism, and immunity.
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18
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Zhang H, Ao C, Khas‐Erdene, Dan N. Effects of isonitrogenous and isocaloric total mixed ration composed of forages with different quality on milk fatty acid composition and gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes in mid‐lactating dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:214-221. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyInner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tong Liao Inner Mongolia P. R. China
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Changjin Ao
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Khas‐Erdene
- College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia P. R. China
| | - Ni Dan
- College of Life ScienceInner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tong Liao Inner Mongolia P. R. China
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19
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Lou X, Li J, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang C. Variations in fatty acid composition of Laoshan goat milk from partum to 135 days postpartum. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1628-1638. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinman Lou
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest Agriculture and Forest University; Yangling China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shandong Agricultural University; Taian China
| | - Cunfang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan China
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20
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Wang H, Zhu J, He Q, Loor JJ, Luo J. Association between the expression of miR-26 and goat milk fatty acids. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1478-1482. [PMID: 30058225 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA that regulate protein abundance and are involved in diverse aspects of cellular function including aspects of lipid metabolism in mammary gland of ruminants. Although our previous studies showed that the miR-26 family and its host genes control components of the cellular fatty acid metabolic machinery in goat mammary epithelial cells, a direct relationship between the miR-26 family and milk fatty acids remains unknown. Bioinformatics analysis in this study indicated that the miR-26 family targets belong to the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Studies on the relationship of miR-26 family and their host genes with milk composition during mid-lactation revealed that the expression of the miR-26 family and their host genes were associated with total fat yield and short-chain, medium-chain and long-chain fatty acid content, but not lactose or milk protein content. In addition, a significant positive correlation was detected for the expression of the miR-26 family with C16:1 and C18:3 in milk fat. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the expression of miR-26 is directly related to milk fatty acid composition and underscores the significance of miRNAs in milk fat synthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuya He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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21
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Clark S, Mora García MB. A 100-Year Review: Advances in goat milk research. J Dairy Sci 2018; 100:10026-10044. [PMID: 29153153 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the century of research chronicled between 1917 and 2017, dairy goats have gone from simply serving as surrogates to cows to serving as transgenic carriers of human enzymes. Goat milk has been an important part of human nutrition for millennia, in part because of the greater similarity of goat milk to human milk, softer curd formation, higher proportion of small milk fat globules, and different allergenic properties compared with cow milk; however, key nutritional deficiencies limit its suitability for infants. Great attention has been given not only to protein differences between goat and cow milk, but also to fat and enzyme differences, and their effect on the physical and sensory properties of goat milk and milk products. Physiological differences between the species necessitate different techniques for analysis of somatic cell counts, which are naturally higher in goat milk. The high value of goat milk throughout the world has generated a need for a variety of techniques to detect adulteration of goat milk products with cow milk. Advances in all of these areas have been largely documented in the Journal of Dairy Science (JDS), and this review summarizes such advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Clark
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-0152.
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Aguiar ACRD, Rocha Júnior VR, Caldeira LA, Ruas JRM, Almeida Filho SHCD, Monção FP, Melo MTPD, Pimentel PRS. Quality of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows fed diets with different sources of nitrogen compounds. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000192015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate yield, fatty acid profile, physical, chemical and sensory composition of Minas fresh cheese made with milk from cows fed diets containing different sources of nitrogen compounds (soybean meal, urea, sunflower meal and detoxified castor bean meal). Eight F1 Holstein/Zebu cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 were distributed in two 4 × 4 Latin squares, consisting of four treatments (diets), four animals and four experimental periods. Cheese was produced on the last day of each experimental period. The physical and chemical composition, yield and texture of cheese were similar between diets. The used diets influenced the concentration of fatty acid C11:0, which was higher for diets with soybean meal and sunflower meal; C18:2 C9-T11 (CLA) was higher for diets with urea, soybean meal and sunflower meal and C20:3 for diets with soybean meal and urea. For the other saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, differences were not detected. Different sources of nitrogen compounds in the diet for cows with average production of 20 kg milk corrected to 3.5% fat day-1 have no effect on the physical or chemical composition, yield, as well as acceptance of Minas fresh cheese. However, it can influence the fatty acid profile in the cheese fat.
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Schettino B, Vega S, Gutiérrez R, Escobar A, Romero J, Domínguez E, González-Ronquillo M. Fatty acid profile of goat milk in diets supplemented with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.). J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:6256-6265. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen Z, Luo J, Zhang C, Ma Y, Sun S, Zhang T, Loor JJ. Mechanism of prolactin inhibition of miR‐135b via methylation in goat mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:651-662. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYang lingShaanxiPR China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYang lingShaanxiPR China
| | - ChangHui Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYang lingShaanxiPR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYang lingShaanxiPR China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYang lingShaanxiPR China
| | - Tianyin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityYang lingShaanxiPR China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology GenomicsDepartment of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois
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Santurino C, Calvo M, Gómez-Candela C, Fontecha J. Characterization of naturally goat cheese enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids for human clinical trial in overweight and obese subjects. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen Z, Luo J, Sun S, Cao D, Shi H, Loor JJ. miR-148a and miR-17-5p synergistically regulate milk TAG synthesis via PPARGC1A and PPARA in goat mammary epithelial cells. RNA Biol 2017; 14:326-338. [PMID: 28095188 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1276149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of '18-25' nt RNA molecules which regulate gene expression and play an important role in several biologic processes including fatty acid metabolism. Here we used S-Poly (T) and high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the expression of miRNA and mRNA during early-lactation and in the non-lactating ("dry") period in goat mammary gland tissue. Results indicated that miR-148a, miR-17-5p, PPARGC1A and PPARA are highly expressed in the goat mammary gland in early-lactation and non-lactating periods. Utilizing a Luciferase reporter assay and Western Blot, PPARA, an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation, and PGC1a (PPARGC1A), a major regulator of fat metabolism, were demonstrated to be targets of miR-148a and miR-17-5p in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). It was also revealed that miR-148a expression can regulate PPARA, and miR-17-5p represses PPARGC1A in GMECs. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-148a and miR-17-5p promoted triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis while the knockdown of miR-148a and miR-17-5p impaired TAG synthesis in GMEC. These findings underscore the importance of miR-148a and miR-17-5p as key components in the regulation of TAG synthesis. In addition, miR-148a cooperates with miR-17-5p to regulate fatty acid metabolism by repressing PPARGC1A and PPARA in GMECs. Further studies on the functional role of miRNAs in lipid metabolism of ruminant mammary cells seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Shuang Sun
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Duoyao Cao
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- a Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture , College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Juan J Loor
- b Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences , University of Illinois , Urbana , IL , USA
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miR-30e-5p and miR-15a Synergistically Regulate Fatty Acid Metabolism in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells via LRP6 and YAP1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111909. [PMID: 27854329 PMCID: PMC5133906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates the expression of genes and influences a series of biological processes, including fatty acid metabolism. We screened the expression of miRNA in goat mammary glands during peak-lactation and non-lactating (“dry”) periods, and performed an in vitro study with goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) prior to sequencing analysis. Results illustrated that miR-30e-5p and miR-15a were highly expressed. Utilizing a luciferase reporter assay and Western blot, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1) genes were demonstrated to be a target of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in GMEC. Moreover, we demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in GMEC promoted fat metabolism while their knockdown impaired fat metabolism. These findings extend the discovery of a key role of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in mediating adipocyte differentiation by suggesting a role in promoting milk fat synthesis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that miR-30e-5p, together with miR-15a, represses expression of LRP6 and promotes fat metabolism in GMEC. The data expanded our knowledge on the function of miRNAs in milk fat metabolism and synthesis in ruminant mammary cells.
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Chen Z, Shi H, Sun S, Xu H, Cao D, Luo J. MicroRNA-181b suppresses TAG via target IRS2 and regulating multiple genes in the Hippo pathway. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:66-74. [PMID: 27616141 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat metabolism is a complex procedure controlled by several factors. MiRNAs (microRNAs) regulate expression of genes and influence a series of biological procedures, such as fatty acid metabolism. Here we screened expression of goat mammary gland's miRNA during peak-lactation and late-lactation, and found that miR-181b expresses remarkably. Moreover, we illustrated that the over-expression of miR-181b impaired fat metabolism while the knockdown of miR-181b promoted fat metabolism in GMEC. These findings extend the discovery of miR-181b functioning in mediating adipocyte differentiation, by suggesting its role in impairing fat metabolism, which develops our cognition on the importance of miRNAs in milk fat metabolism and synthesis. In this study, we find that over expressed miR-181b impaired adipogenesis and inhibited miR-181b promoted adipogenesis in GMEC. Using Luciferase reporter assay and Western Blot, IRS2 was illustrated to be a miR-181b's potential target gene. What is interesting is that miR-181b regulates multiple key components in the Hippo pathway, such as LATS1 and YAP1 in GMECs. In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR-181b suppress fat metabolism by means of regulating multiple genes in the Hippo pathway and target IRS2, which promotes further study on the function of miRNAs in milk fat metabolism and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - HuaiPing Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - HuiFen Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Santillo A, Caroprese M, Marino R, Sevi A, Albenzio M. Quality of buffalo milk as affected by dietary protein level and flaxseed supplementation. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7725-7732. [PMID: 27423960 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effects of protein level and flaxseed supplementation on the yield and quality of buffalo milk. In particular, the fatty acid profile of milk from buffalo cows subjected to different diets has been investigated. A 2×3 factorial design was tested with buffalo cows receiving 2 dietary crude protein (CP) and 3 flaxseed (FS) supplementation levels. Treatments were (1) low dietary CP level [12% of dry matter (DM)] and no flaxseed supplementation (LP); (2) low dietary CP level (12% of DM) and low flaxseed supplementation (500g/d) (LPFS500); (3) low dietary CP level (12% of DM) and moderate flaxseed supplementation (1,000g/d) (LPFS1000); (4) moderate dietary CP level (15% of DM) and no flaxseed supplementation (MP); (5) moderate dietary CP level (15% of DM) and low flaxseed supplementation (500g/d) (MPFS500); and (6) moderate dietary CP level (15% of DM) and moderate flaxseed supplementation (1,000g/d) (MPFS1000). Milk protein and casein were affected by flaxseed supplementation being higher in MP, intermediate in LP, and lower in flaxseed-supplemented diets. However, the results from the present study highlighted that low protein diets sustained milk yield, protein, and casein synthesis in milk when whole flaxseed was administered. Short-chain fatty acids, in particular C8:0 and C10:0, were the lowest in milk from buffalo cows fed the highest level of flaxseed supplementation. Medium-chain fatty acids were the lowest in FS1000, intermediate in FS500, and the highest in the HP and LP groups. Long-chain fatty acids were the highest in FS1000, intermediate in FS500 groups, and the lowest in milk from buffalo receiving no flaxseed supplementation. Protein level of the diet influenced the percentage of C18:0, which was higher in MP than LP groups. Total conjugated linoleic acid content evidenced the same trend of long-chain fatty acids, with an increase of about 7% in FL500 and of 22% in FL1000 than the control. Apart from protein level of the diet, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and n-6/n-3 were the lowest in FS1000 groups; thrombogenic index and n-6/n-3 were intermediate in milk from animals receiving FS500. Nutritional value of the acidic profile in buffalo milk is influenced by flaxseed supplementation, and its improvement reflects the level of dietary flaxseed supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santillo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - M Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - R Marino
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - A Sevi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - M Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Pomegranate seed pulp, pistachio hulls, and tomato pomace as replacement of wheat bran increased milk conjugated linoleic acid concentrations without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and performance of Saanen dairy goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Z, Luo J, Ma L, Wang H, Cao W, Xu H, Zhu J, Sun Y, Li J, Yao D, Kang K, Gou D. MiR130b-Regulation of PPARγ Coactivator- 1α Suppresses Fat Metabolism in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142809. [PMID: 26579707 PMCID: PMC4651502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat metabolism is a complicated process regulated by a series of factors. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of negative regulator of proteins and play crucial roles in many biological processes; including fat metabolism. Although there have been some researches indicating that miRNAs could influence the milk fat metabolism through targeting some factors, little is known about the effect of miRNAs on goat milk fat metabolism. Here we utilized an improved miRNA detection assay, S-Poly-(T), to profile the expression of miRNAs in the goat mammary gland in different periods, and found that miR-130b was abundantly and differentially expressed in goat mammary gland. Additionally, overexpressing miR-130b impaired adipogenesis while inhibiting miR-130b enhanced adipogenesis in goat mammary epithelial cells. Utilizing 3'-UTR assay and Western Blot analusis, the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC1α), a major regulator of fat metabolism, was demonstrated to be a potential target of miR-130b. Interestingly, miR-130b potently repressed PGC1α expression by targeting both the PGC1α mRNA coding and 3' untranslated regions. These findings have some insight of miR-130b in mediating adipocyte differentiation by repressing PGC1α expression and this contributes to further understanding about the functional significance of miRNAs in milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - LiuAn Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - WenTing Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - HuiFei Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - JiangJiang Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - YuTing Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - DaWei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Kang
- College of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Deming Gou
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, China
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Li R, Beaudoin F, Ammah AA, Bissonnette N, Benchaar C, Zhao X, Lei C, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Deep sequencing shows microRNA involvement in bovine mammary gland adaptation to diets supplemented with linseed oil or safflower oil. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:884. [PMID: 26519053 PMCID: PMC4628385 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk fat composition is responsive to dietary manipulation providing an avenue to modify the content of fatty acids and especially some specific unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) isomers of benefit to human health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression but their specific roles in bovine mammary gland lipogenesis are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the expression pattern of miRNAs following mammary gland adaptation to dietary supplementation with 5 % linseed or safflower oil using next generation RNA-sequencing. METHODS Twenty-four Canadian Holstein dairy cows (twelve per treatment) in mid lactation were fed a control diet (total mixed ration of corn:grass silages) for 28 days followed by a treatment period (control diet supplemented with 5 % linseed or safflower oil) of 28 days. Milk samples were collected weekly for fat and individual fatty acid determination. RNA from mammary gland biopsies harvested on day-14 (control period) and on days +7 and +28 (treatment period) from six randomly selected cows per treatment was subjected to small RNA sequencing. RESULTS Milk fat percentage decreased significantly (P < 0.001) during treatment with the two diets as compared to the control period. The individual saturated fatty acids C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C14:0 and C16:0 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while five USFAs (C14:1, C18:1n11t, C20:3n3, C20:5n3 and CLA:t10c12) increased remarkably (P < 0.05) in response to both treatments. Analysis of 361 million sequence reads generated 321 known bovine miRNAs and 176 novel miRNAs. The expression of fourteen and twenty-two miRNAs was affected (P < 0.05) by linseed and safflower oil treatments, respectively. Seven miRNAs including six up-regulated (bta-miR-199c, miR-199a-3p, miR-98, miR-378, miR-148b and miR-21-5p) and one down-regulated (bta-miR-200a) were found to be regulated (P < 0.05) by both treatments, and thus considered core differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. The gene targets of core DE miRNAs have functions related to gene expression and general cellular metabolism (P < 0.05) and are enriched in four pathways of lipid metabolism (3-phosphoinositide biosynthesis, 3-phosphoinositide degradation, D-myo-inisitol-5-phosphate metabolism and the superpathway of inositol phosphate compounds). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DE miRNAs in this study might be important regulators of bovine mammary lipogenesis and metabolism. The novel miRNAs identified in this study will further enrich the bovine miRNome repertoire and contribute to understanding mammary gland biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Adolf A Ammah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Chaouki Benchaar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
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Taboada N, Van Nieuwenhove C, Alzogaray SL, Medina R. Influence of autochthonous cultures on fatty acid composition, esterase activity and sensory profile of Argentinean goat cheeses. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang H, Ao CJ, Khas-Erdene, Song LW, Zhang XF. Effects of different model diets on milk composition and expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland of lactating dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4619-28. [PMID: 25981073 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of different roughage diets on milk composition and the expression of key genes associated with fatty acid (FA) synthesis in the mammary gland of lactating dairy goats. Eight multiparous lactating goats (body weight=43.6±2.5kg, 90±12 d in milk) fitted with external pudic artery and subcutaneous abdominal vein catheters were assigned to 2 treatments in a crossover design. The goats were fed different roughage diets with a similar concentrate-to-roughage ratio. The diets were (1) a high-quality roughage treatment (HQR) containing 28.5% Chinese wildrye hay, 19% corn silage, 9.5% alfalfa, and 43% concentrate or (2) a low-quality roughage treatment (LQR) containing 28% Chinese wildrye hay, 28% corn stover, and 44% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Each feeding period lasted 21 d. The first 18 d served as an adaptation period, and the last 3 d served as a sample collection period. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition were measured. Milk and blood samples were collected for FA analysis. Mammary gland biopsies were performed after milking on the last day of each period and the tissues were analyzed for the mRNA expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-α (ACACA), FA synthase (FASN), stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by the treatments. Milk fat (3.16 vs. 2.96%) and protein (2.99 vs. 2.89%) contents were higher in HQR goats than in LQR goats, and milk fat yield tended to be higher in HQR goats (16.7 vs. 15.1g/d). Milk FA composition was not different between treatments, except for C18:3n-3 (0.27 vs. 0.15g/100g). Compared with LQR goats, HQR goats had a higher vein concentration of total FA (0.62 vs. 0.44mg/mL). In HQR goats, the mammary balance of total FA increased (9.17 vs. 5.51g/d), whereas the clearance rate of total FA decreased (103.03 vs. 138.25 L/d). No differences were found in mammary blood flow, artery concentration, and mammary uptake of FA between treatments. Compared with LQR, the expression of FASN and ACACA tended to be increased by 20 and 18%, and the expression of LPL and SCD were increased by 39 and 50% in HQR, respectively. The results demonstrated that diets with HQR can increase milk fat content and yield as well as the expression of LPL and SCD in the mammary gland of dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, P. R. China
| | - C J Ao
- Department of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, P. R. China.
| | - Khas-Erdene
- Department of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, P. R. China
| | - L W Song
- Department of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, P. R. China
| | - X F Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, P. R. China
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Razzaghi A, Valizadeh R, Naserian A, Danesh Mesgaran M, Rashidi L. Effects of sucrose and sunflower oil addition to diet of Saanen dairy goats on performance and milk fatty acid profile. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effects of olive and fish oil Ca soaps in ewe diets on milk fat and muscle and subcutaneous tissue fatty-acid profiles of suckling lambs. Animal 2014; 8:1178-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tsiplakou E, Zervas G. The effect of fish and soybean oil inclusion in goat diet on their milk and plasma fatty acid profile. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Martínez Marín A, Gómez-Cortés P, Gómez Castro G, Juárez M, Pérez Alba L, Pérez Hernández M, de la Fuente M. Time-dependent variations in milk fatty acid content of goats fed 3 different plant oils. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3238-46. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effect of extruded linseed supplementation on blood metabolic profile and milk performance of Saanen goats. Animal 2013; 7:1464-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Martínez Marín AL, Gómez-Cortés P, Gómez Castro G, Juárez M, Pérez Alba L, Pérez Hernández M, de la Fuente MA. Effects of feeding increasing dietary levels of high oleic or regular sunflower or linseed oil on fatty acid profile of goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1942-55. [PMID: 22459841 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of increasing amounts of 3 plant oils in diets on the fatty acid (FA) profile of goat milk were studied. The study consisted of 3 experiments, one per oil tested (linseed oil, LO; high oleic sunflower oil, HOSFO; and regular sunflower oil, RSFO). The 3 experiments were conducted successively on 12 Malagueña goats, which were assigned at random to 1 of 4 treatments: 0, 30, 48, and 66 (H) g of added oil/d. A basal diet made of alfalfa hay and pelleted concentrate (33:67) was used in all of the experiments. For each animal, milk samples collected after 15 d on treatments were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, and FA composition, whereas individual milk yield was measured the last 3 d of each experiment. Oil supplementation affected neither dry matter intake nor milk production traits. Increasing the oil supplementation decreased the content of saturated FA (especially 16:0) in milk fat and increased mono- and polyunsaturated FA in a linear manner. Vaccenic acid content linearly increased with the oil supplementation by 370, 217, and 634% to 5.32, 2.66, and 5.09 g/100 g of total FA methyl esters with the H diet in LO, HOSFO, and RSFO experiments, respectively. Rumenic acid content linearly increased with LO and RSFO supplementation by 298 and 354% from 0.53 and 0.41 g/100 g of total FA methyl esters with the 0 g of added oil/d diet. The content of trans-10-18:1 was not affected by LO supplementation but showed an increasing linear trend with HOSFO supplementation and linearly increased with RSFO supplementation. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated FA in milk fat was decreased by about 70% with the H diet in the LO experiment and it was increased by 54 and 82% with the H diet in the HOSFO and RSFO experiments. In conclusion, LO supplementation in this work seemed to be the most favorable alternative compared with HOSFO or RSFO supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Martínez Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal (Universidad de Córdoba), Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, s/n. Campus de Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Intorre F, Venneria E, Finotti E, Foddai MS, Toti E, Catasta G, Palomba L, Azzini E, Fumagalli A, Maiani G. Fatty acid content of serum lipid fractions and blood lipids in normolipidaemic volunteers fed two types of cheese having different fat compositions: a pilot study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 64:185-93. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.710893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li X, Yan C, Lee H, Choi C, Song M. Influence of dietary plant oils on mammary lipogenic enzymes and the conjugated linoleic acid content of plasma and milk fat of lactating goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abecia L, Toral P, Martín-García A, Martínez G, Tomkins N, Molina-Alcaide E, Newbold C, Yáñez-Ruiz D. Effect of bromochloromethane on methane emission, rumen fermentation pattern, milk yield, and fatty acid profile in lactating dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2027-36. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Caroprese M, Albenzio M, Bruno A, Fedele V, Santillo A, Sevi A. Effect of solar radiation and flaxseed supplementation on milk production and fatty acid profile of lactating ewes under high ambient temperature. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3856-67. [PMID: 21787922 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of protection from solar radiation and whole flaxseed supplementation on milk yield and milk fatty acid profile in lactating ewes exposed to high ambient temperature. The experiment was conducted during summer and involved 40 ewes divided into 4 groups. The ewes were either exposed (not offered shade) or protected from solar radiation (offered shade). For each solar radiation treatment, ewes were supplemented with whole flaxseed or not. Milk samples from each ewe were collected at the morning and afternoon milking every week, and analyzed for pH, total protein, casein, fat, and lactose content, somatic cell count, and renneting parameters (clotting time, rate of clot formation, and clot firmness after 30 min). At the beginning of the experiment, and then at d 23 and 44, milk samples were analyzed for milk fatty acids using gas chromatography. Flaxseed supplementation significantly increased milk yield, fat, protein, and casein yields, and somatic cell count, and increased fat and lactose contents of milk. A decrease of saturated fatty acids from C6:0 to C16:0 and an increase of C18:1 trans-11 and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 was observed in milk from flaxseed-supplemented ewes. Flaxseed supplementation decreased saturated fatty acids content and increased total monounsaturated fatty acids content, the total content of isomers of conjugated linoleic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids content in milk. Flaxseed also increased the α-linolenic acid content of milk. As a result, milk from supplemented groups showed an increase in n-3 fatty acid content. Flaxseed supplementation decreased short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids, and increased long-chain fatty acid content of milk. On average, flaxseed supplementation increased the C18:2 cis-9,trans-11/C18:1 trans-11 Δ(9)-desaturase index starting from d 23 of the experiment, in correspondence with the highest C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 content of milk from flaxseed-supplemented ewes. Flaxseed decreased atherogenic and thrombogenic indices of milk. Protection from solar radiation during summer did not improve yield and composition of ewe milk. Nevertheless, milk from ewes exposed to solar radiation showed decreased long-chain fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents, and in particular, decreased vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, and total conjugated linoleic acid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caroprese
- Department of Production and Innovation in Mediterranean Agriculture and Food Systems (PriMe), Università di Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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Martínez Marín A, Gómez-Cortés P, Gómez Castro A, Juárez M, Pérez Alba L, Pérez Hernández M, de la Fuente M. Animal performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats fed diets with different unsaturated plant oils. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:5359-68. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Barłowska J, Szwajkowska M, Litwińczuk Z, Król J. Nutritional Value and Technological Suitability of Milk from Various Animal Species Used for Dairy Production. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Modaresi J, Fathi Nasri M, Rashidi L, Dayani O, Kebreab E. Short communication: Effects of supplementation with pomegranate seed pulp on concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and punicic acid in goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4075-80. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Intorre F, Foddai MS, Azzini E, Martin B, Montel MC, Catasta G, Toti E, Finotti E, Palomba L, Venneria E, Raguzzini A, Fumagalli A, Testa MF, Rossi L, Maiani G. Differential effect of cheese fatty acid composition on blood lipid profile and redox status in normolipidemic volunteers: a pilot study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 62:660-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.569491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mansoori H, Aghazadeh A, Nazeradl K. Sunflower Oil Seed (Raw-or Heat-Treated) in Lactating Dairy Cow's Diets: Effects on Milk Fatty Acids Profile and Milk Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2011.470.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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