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Put H, Gerstmans H, Vande Capelle H, Fauvart M, Michiels J, Masschelein J. Bacillus subtilis as a host for natural product discovery and engineering of biosynthetic gene clusters. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38465694 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to October 2023Many bioactive natural products are synthesized by microorganisms that are either difficult or impossible to cultivate under laboratory conditions, or that produce only small amounts of the desired compound. By transferring biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) into alternative host organisms that are more easily cultured and engineered, larger quantities can be obtained and new analogues with potentially improved biological activity or other desirable properties can be generated. Moreover, expression of cryptic BGCs in a suitable host can facilitate the identification and characterization of novel natural products. Heterologous expression therefore represents a valuable tool for natural product discovery and engineering as it allows the study and manipulation of their biosynthetic pathways in a controlled setting, enabling innovative applications. Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that is widely used in industrial biotechnology as a host for the production of proteins from diverse origins, including enzymes and vaccines. However, despite numerous successful examples, Bacillus species remain underexploited as heterologous hosts for the expression of natural product BGCs. Here, we review important advantages that Bacillus species offer as expression hosts, such as high secretion capacity, natural competence for DNA uptake, and the increasing availability of a wide range of genetic tools for gene expression and strain engineering. We evaluate different strain optimization strategies and other critical factors that have improved the success and efficiency of heterologous natural product biosynthesis in B. subtilis. Finally, future perspectives for using B. subtilis as a heterologous host are discussed, identifying research gaps and promising areas that require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Put
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hans Gerstmans
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery & Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vande Capelle
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery & Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Fauvart
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- imec, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joleen Masschelein
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery & Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Langa S, Peirotén Á, Curiel JA, Arqués JL, Landete JM. Promoters for the expression of food-grade selectable markers in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7845-7856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang G, Guo Z, Zhang X, Wu H, Bai X, Zhang H, Hu R, Han S, Pang Y, Gao Z, Yan L, Huang C, Zhang L, Pan C, Liu X. Heterologous expression of pediocin/papA in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:104. [PMID: 35643507 PMCID: PMC9148482 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen. Pediocin is a group IIα bacteriocin with anti-listeria activity that is naturally produced by Pediococcus acidilactic and Lactobacillus plantarum. The pedA/papA gene encodes pediocin/plantaricin. In native hosts, the expression and secretion of active PedA/PapA protein rely on the accessory protein PedC/PapC and ABC transporter PedD/PapD on the same operon. The excretion machines were also necessary for pediocin protein expression in heterologous hosts of E. coli, Lactobacillus lactis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In this study, two vectors carrying the codon sequence of the mature PapA peptide were constructed, one with and one without a His tag. Both fragments were inserted into the plasmid pHT43 and transformed into Bacillus subtilis WB800N. The strains were induced with IPTG to secrete the fused proteins PA1 and PA2. Supernatants from both recombinant strains can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes ATCC54003 directly. The fused protein possesses inhibition activity as a whole dispense with removal of the leading peptide. This is the first report of active pediocin/PapA expression without the assistance of PedCD/PapCD in heterogeneous hosts. In addition, the PA1 protein can be purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) metal affinity chromatography.
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Acuña L, Corbalán N, Quintela-Baluja M, Barros-Velázquez J, Bellomio A. Expression of the hybrid bacteriocin Ent35-MccV in Lactococcus lactis and its use for controlling Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli in milk. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Back A, Borges F, Mangavel C, Paris C, Rondags E, Kapel R, Aymes A, Rogniaux H, Pavlović M, van Heel AJ, Kuipers OP, Revol-Junelles AM, Cailliez-Grimal C. Recombinant pediocin in Lactococcus lactis: increased production by propeptide fusion and improved potency by co-production with PedC. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 9:466-77. [PMID: 26147827 PMCID: PMC4919988 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the impact of two propeptides and PedC on the production yield and the potency of recombinant pediocins produced in Lactococcus lactis. On the one hand, the sequences encoding the propeptides SD or LEISSTCDA were inserted between the sequence encoding the signal peptide of Usp45 and the structural gene of the mature pediocin PA‐1. On the other hand, the putative thiol‐disulfide oxidoreductase PedC was coexpressed with pediocin. The concentration of recombinant pediocins produced in supernatants was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The potency of recombinant pediocins was investigated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration by agar well diffusion assay. The results show that propeptides SD or LEISSTCDA lead to an improved secretion of recombinant pediocins with apparently no effect on the antibacterial potency and that PedC increases the potency of recombinant pediocin. To our knowledge, this study reveals for the first time that pediocin tolerates fusions at the N‐terminal end. Furthermore, it reveals that only expressing the pediocin structural gene in a heterologous host is not sufficient to get an optimal potency and requires the accessory protein PedC. In addition, it can be speculated that PedC catalyses the correct formation of disulfide bonds in pediocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Back
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), ENSAIA, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Frédéric Borges
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), ENSAIA, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Cécile Mangavel
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), ENSAIA, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Cédric Paris
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), ENSAIA, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Emmanuel Rondags
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS-UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Romain Kapel
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS-UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Arnaud Aymes
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS-UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA Unité Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (UR1268), Rue de la Géraudière, Nantes, 44316, France
| | - Marija Pavlović
- INRA Unité Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages (UR1268), Rue de la Géraudière, Nantes, 44316, France
| | - Auke J van Heel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, GBB Institute, University of Gronningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, GBB Institute, University of Gronningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Revol-Junelles
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), ENSAIA, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
| | - Catherine Cailliez-Grimal
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), ENSAIA, Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54518, France
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Wan X, Saris PEJ, Takala TM. Genetic characterization and expression of leucocin B, a class IId bacteriocin from Leuconostoc carnosum 4010. Res Microbiol 2015; 166:494-503. [PMID: 25957244 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leuconostoc carnosum 4010 is an antimicrobial strain used as a protective culture in vacuum-packed meats. In this study, we showed that, in addition to antilisterial class IIa bacteriocins leucocin A and C, the strain also produces class IId bacteriocin leucocin B, the antimicrobial activity of which is limited to the genera Leuconostoc and Weissella. Two novel genes, lebBI encoding the leucocin B precursor with a double-glycine-type leader and putative immunity protein LebI, were identified on L. carnosum 4010 plasmid pLC4010-1. LebI contains three transmembrane spans and shares 55% identity with the mesentericin B105 immunity protein. Genes lebBI were shown to be transcribed in 4010 by RT-PCR analysis. The secretion of leucocin B in L. carnosum 4010 was shown by spot-on-lawn and SDS-gel overlay methods with a Leuconostoc strain sensitive to leucocin B but resistant to leucocins A and C. In addition, leucocins A and B from L. carnosum 4010 were cloned as SSusp45 fusions in heterologous host Lactococcus lactis and the secretion of active bacteriocins was detected on indicator plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wan
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Per E J Saris
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo M Takala
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki, Finland.
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O' Shea EF, Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. Strategies to improve the bacteriocin protection provided by lactic acid bacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:130-4. [PMID: 23337424 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a wide variety of antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) which contribute to the safety and preservation of fermented foods. This review discusses strategies that have been or could be employed to further enhance the commercial application of bacteriocins and/or bacteriocin-producing LAB for food use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen F O' Shea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Genetic characterisation and heterologous expression of leucocin C, a class IIa bacteriocin from Leuconostoc carnosum 4010. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:3509-18. [PMID: 23053070 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Leuconostoc carnosum 4010 is a protective culture for meat products. It kills the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes by producing two class IIa (pediocin-like) bacteriocins, leucocin A and leucocin C. The genes for leucocin A production have previously been characterised from Leuconostoc gelidum UAL 187, whereas no genetic studies about leucocin C has been published. Here, we characterised the genes for the production of leucocins A and C in L. carnosum 4010. In this strain, leucocin A and leucocin C operons were localised in different plasmids. Unlike in L. gelidum, leucocin A operon in L. carnosum 4010 only contained the structural and the immunity genes lcaAB without transporter genes lcaECD. On the contrary, leucocin C cluster included two intact operons. Novel genes lecCI encode the leucocin C precursor and the 97-aa immunity protein LecI, respectively. LecI shares 48 % homology with the immunity proteins of sakacin P and listeriocin. Another leucocin C operon lecXTS, encoding an ABC transporter and an accessory protein, was 97 % identical with the leucocin A transporter operon lcaECD of L. gelidum. For heterologous expression of leucocin C in Lactococcus lactis, the mature part of the lecC gene was fused with the signal sequence of usp45 in the secretion vector pLEB690. L. lactis secreted leucocin C efficiently, as shown by large halos on lawns of L. monocytogenes and Leuconostoc mesenteroides indicators. The function of LecI was then demonstrated by expressing the gene lecI in L. monocytogenes. LecI-producing Listeria was less sensitive to leucocin C than the vector strain, thus corroborating the immunity function of LecI.
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Li R, Takala TM, Qiao M, Xu H, Saris PEJ. Nisin-selectable food-grade secretion vector for Lactococcus lactis. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:797-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Renye JA, Somkuti GA. Nisin-induced expression of pediocin in dairy lactic acid bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:2142-51. [PMID: 19929951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether a single vector, nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system could be used to regulate expression of the pediocin operon in Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus casei. METHODS AND RESULTS The intact pediocin operon was cloned immediately into pMSP3535 downstream of the nisA promoter (PnisA). The resulting vector, pRSNPed, was electrotransformed into Strep. thermophilus ST128, L. lactis subsp. lactis ML3 and Lact. casei C2. Presence of the intact vector was confirmed by PCR, resulting in the amplification of a 0.8-kb DNA fragment, and inhibition zones were observed for all lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transformants following induction with 50 ng ml(-1) nisin, when Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was used as the target bacterium. Using L. monocytogenes NR30 as target, the L. lactis transformants produced hazy zones of inhibition, while the Lact. casei transformants produced clear zones of inhibition. Zones of inhibition were not observed when the Strep. thermophilus transformants were tested against NR30. CONCLUSIONS The LAB hosts were able to produce enough pediocin to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes Scott A; the growth of L. monocytogenes NR30 was effectively inhibited only by the Lact. casei transformants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first time that the NICE system has been used to express the intact pediocin operon in these LAB hosts. This system could allow for the in situ production of pediocin in fermented dairy foods supplemented with nisin to prevent listeria contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Renye
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
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