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Räisänen SE, Zhu X, Zhou C, Lage CFA, Fetter M, Silvestre T, Stefenoni H, Wasson DE, Cueva SF, Eun JS, Moon JO, Park JS, Hristov AN. Production effects and bioavailability of N-acetyl-l-methionine in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:313-328. [PMID: 34756433 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the production effects of N-acetyl-l-methionine (NALM; experiment 1) and to estimate its bioavailability (BA) and rumen escape (RE; experiment 2), respectively, in lactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, 18 multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated, 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with three 28-d periods. Treatments were (1) basal diet estimated to supply 45 g/d digestible Met (dMet) or 1.47% of metabolizable protein (MP; control), (2) basal diet top-dressed with 32 g/d of NALM to achieve dMet supply of 2.2% of MP, and (3) basal diet top-dressed with 56 g/d of NALM to achieve dMet supply of 2.6% of MP. The NALM treatments supplied estimated 17 and 29 g/d dMet from NALM, respectively, based on manufacturer's specifications. In experiment 2, 4 rumen-cannulated lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with four 12-d periods. A 12-d period for baseline data collection and 4 d for determination of RE of NALM preceded the Latin square experiment. For determination of RE, 30 g of NALM were dosed into the rumen simultaneously with Cr-EDTA (used as a rumen fluid kinetics marker) and samples of ruminal contents were collected at 0 (before dosing), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, and 24 h after dosing. Rumen escape of NALM was calculated using the estimated passage rate based on the measured Cr rate of disappearance. Bioavailability of abomasally dosed NALM was determined using the area under the curve of plasma Met concentration technique. Two doses of l-Met (providing 7.5 and 15 g of dMet) and 2 doses of NALM (11.2 and 14.4 g dMet) were separately pulse-dosed into the abomasum of the cows and blood was collected from the jugular vein for Met concentration analysis at 0 (before dosing), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24 h after dosing. Supplementation of NALM did not affect DMI, milk yield, feed efficiency, or milk protein and lactose concentrations and yields in experiment 1. Milk fat concentration and energy-corrected milk yield decreased linearly with NALM dose. Plasma Met concentration was not affected by NALM dose. The estimated relative BA of abomasally dosed NALM (experiment 2) was 50% when dosed at 14.4 g/cow (11.2 g/d dMet from NALM) and 24% when dosed at 28.8 g/cow (14.4 g/d dMet from NALM). The estimated RE of NALM was 19% based on the measured kp of Cr at 11%/h. The total availability of ingested NALM was estimated at 9.5% for the lower NALM dose when taking into account RE (19%) and bioavailability in the small intestine (50%). Overall, NALM supplementation to mid-lactation dairy cows fed a MP-adequate basal diet below NRC (2001) recommendations (45 g/d or 1.47% Met of MP) decreased milk fat and energy-corrected milk yields but did not affect milk or milk true protein yields. Further evaluation of BA of NALM at different doses is warranted. In addition, intestinal conversion of NALM to Met needs additional investigation to establish a possible saturation of the enzyme aminoacylase I at higher NALM doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Räisänen
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - X Zhu
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 0731, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Zhou
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C F A Lage
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Tulare 93274
| | - M Fetter
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - T Silvestre
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - H Stefenoni
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J-S Eun
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ Blossom Park, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - J O Moon
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ Blossom Park, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - J S Park
- Institute of Biotechnology, CJ Blossom Park, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - A N Hristov
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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Pereira MN, Morais Júnior NN, Caputo Oliveira R, Salvati GGS, Pereira RAN. Methionine precursor effects on lactation performance of dairy cows fed raw or heated soybeans. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:2996-3007. [PMID: 33455756 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMBi) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of HMBi in diets with 15.3% crude protein (CP) and with different proportions of rumen-degradable and undegradable protein. Variation in rumen-degradable and undegradable protein was achieved by replacing raw with heated soybeans. Experiment 2 was an on-farm trial to evaluate HMBi with a large number of observations and using a farm-formulated diet (17.2% CP). In experiment 1, 20 Holsteins at 100 ± 41 d in milk were allocated to 5 replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. Treatments were formed by a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of raw or heated soybeans with or without HMBi. Paper capsules with HMBi were orally administered twice daily to each cow. Dosage of HMBi was 7.6 g of digestible Met/cow per day. There was no interaction between soybean type and HMBi. Heat-treated soybeans increased the yields of milk, protein, fat, and lactose, and reduced urea N in milk and plasma (PUN) compared with raw soybeans. Rumen microbial yield, dry matter intake (DMI), and the total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients did not differ between soybean types. There was no evidence for HMBi-driven effects on DMI, milk and components yield, or diet digestibility. Urinary purine derivative excretion and PUN concentration were reduced in HMBi-fed cows compared with cows fed diets without HMBi. In experiment 2, 294 Holstein cows were blocked by parity and milk yield, and randomly assigned to HMBi (8.9 g of digestible Met/cow per day) or control. The final data set had 234 cows (215 ± 105 days in milk; 96 primiparous and 138 multiparous; 114 on control and 120 on HMBi) housed in 4 freestall groups (1 group/treatment per parity). The freestall group was the experimental unit for DMI, diet and orts composition, and feed availability. The HMBi supplement was top dressed for 28 d on the first daily meal of each cow, immediately after feed delivery of the same batch of feed to all 4 freestall groups (3 times per day). Sample collection and feed analysis occurred during the last 5 d. Spot urine samples and blood samples from each cow were obtained for analysis of the urinary allantoin to creatinine ratio and PUN. Feed availability, the contents of CP and neutral detergent fiber in diets and orts, and DMI did not differ. Cows fed with HMBi had greater milk protein yield and concentration compared with control and had no change in milk fat and lactose. Rumen microbial yield was greater and PUN was lower in HMBi-fed cows compared with control. In experiment 1, HMBi decreased rumen microbial yield and did not affect lactation performance, but it increased ruminal microbial yield and the secretion of milk protein in experiment 2. These results suggest that lactation response to HMBi may be partially mediated by ruminal events. Heated soybeans increased the efficiency of N utilization and the yields of milk, protein, fat, and lactose, but did not interact with HMBi supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - N N Morais Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil; Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus Itapina, Colatina, ES 29717-000, Brazil
| | | | - G G S Salvati
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - R A N Pereira
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG 37200-970, Brazil
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Fagundes M, Yang S, Eun JS, Hall J, Moon J, Park J. Influence of supplementing a methionine derivative, N-acetyl-l-methionine, in dairy diets on production and ruminal fermentation by lactating cows during early to mid lactation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7082-7094. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lean I, de Ondarza M, Sniffen C, Santos J, Griswold K. Meta-analysis to predict the effects of metabolizable amino acids on dairy cattle performance. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:340-364. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Baghbanzadeh-Nobari B, Taghizadeh A, Khorvash M, Parnian-Khajehdizaj F, Maloney SK, Hashemzadeh-Cigari F, Ghaffari AH. Digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and antioxidant status in ewes supplemented with DL-methionine or hydroxy-4 (methylthio) butanoic acid isopropyl ester. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:e266-e277. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Taghizadeh
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - M. Khorvash
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | | | - S. K. Maloney
- Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology (M311); University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
| | - F. Hashemzadeh-Cigari
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture Science; University of Guilan; Rasht Iran
| | - A. H. Ghaffari
- Department of Animal Science; College of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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Mullins C, Weber D, Block E, Smith J, Brouk M, Bradford B. Short communication: Supplementing lysine and methionine in a lactation diet containing a high concentration of wet corn gluten feed did not alter milk protein yield. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5300-5. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Brake DW, Titgemeyer EC, Brouk MJ, Macgregor CA, Smith JF, Bradford BJ. Availability to lactating dairy cows of methionine added to soy lecithins and mixed with a mechanically extracted soybean meal. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3064-74. [PMID: 23498012 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated a product containing methionine mixed with soy lecithins and added to a mechanically extracted soybean meal (meSBM-Met). Lactational responses of cows, plasma methionine concentrations, and in vitro degradation of methionine were measured. Twenty-five Holstein cows were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design and fed a diet designed to be deficient in methionine or the same diet supplemented either with 4.2 or 8.3g/d of supplemental methionine from a ruminally protected source or with 2.7 or 5.3g/d of supplemental methionine from meSBM-Met. All diets were formulated to provide adequate amounts of metabolizable lysine. Concentration of milk true protein was greater when methionine was provided by the ruminally protected methionine than by meSBM-Met, but milk protein yield was not affected by treatment. Milk yields and concentrations and yields of fat, lactose, solids-not-fat, and milk urea nitrogen were not affected by supplemental methionine. Body condition scores increased linearly when methionine from meSBM-Met was supplemented, but responses were quadratic when methionine was provided from a ruminally protected source. Nitrogen retention was not affected by supplemental methionine. Plasma methionine increased linearly when methionine was supplemented from a ruminally protected source, but plasma methionine concentrations did not differ from the control when supplemental methionine from meSBM-Met was provided. In vitro degradation of supplemental methionine from meSBM-Met was complete within 3h. Data suggest that meSBM-Met provides negligible amounts of metabolizable methionine to dairy cows, and this is likely related to extensive ruminal destruction of methionine; however, cow body condition may be improved by ruminally available methionine provided by meSBM-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Brake
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
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Whelan S, Pierce K, Flynn B, Mulligan F. Effect of supplemental concentrate type on milk production and metabolic status in early-lactation dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass-based pasture. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4541-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Whelan S, Pierce K, McCarney C, Flynn B, Mulligan F. Effect of supplementary concentrate type on nitrogen partitioning in early lactation dairy cows offered perennial ryegrass-based pasture. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4468-77. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xia K, Xi WB, Wang ZB, Wang Y, Zhang YG. Effects of feeding methylthio butyric Acid isopropyl ester on postpartum performance and metabolism in dairy cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:659-64. [PMID: 25049611 PMCID: PMC4093103 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of HMBi on the production performance and metabolism in dairy cows. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows under similar conditions were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments; i) Control, a basal diet; ii) T1, a basal diet plus HMBi (0 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum); and iii) T2, a basal diet plus HMBi (10 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum). Treatments were initiated 21 d before expected calving and continued through 91 d postpartum. HMBi was top-dressed onto the total mixed ration of each cow. Treatments did not affect dry matter intake, plasma urea nitrogen, peak milk yield, days to peak milk yield, nonesterified fatty acid, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic oxalaetic transaminase, milk fat content, milk protein content, milk lactose content, and milk solid non-fat content. The milk composition yields were increased by the HMBi-supplemented treatment. The T1 and T2 treatments increased the yields of 4% fat-corrected milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and milk lactose compared with the control. Although there was no difference in the milk composition of the control and T2-treated cows, the T2-treated cows exhibited higher milk fat yield (increased by 74 g/d), lower milk urea nitrogen (reduced by 3.41%), and plasma β-hydroxy butyrate than the control cows. The results indicate that HMBi supplementation to diet has beneficial effects, and that there is no difference between supplementation at prepartum and starting only at parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xia
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - W B Xi
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Z B Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Whelan S, Mulligan F, Flynn B, McCarney C, Pierce K. Effect of forage source and a supplementary methionine hydroxy analog on nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows offered a low crude protein diet. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:5080-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dalbach K, Larsen M, Raun B, Kristensen N. Effects of supplementation with 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid isopropyl ester on splanchnic amino acid metabolism and essential amino acid mobilization in postpartum transition Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3913-27. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ordway R, Boucher S, Whitehouse N, Schwab C, Sloan B. Effects of providing two forms of supplemental methionine to periparturient Holstein dairy cows on feed intake and lactational performance. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:5154-66. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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