1
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The effect of fermented wheat protein hydrolysate on the exercise performance in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Applications of Plant Protein in the Dairy Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081067. [PMID: 35454654 PMCID: PMC9024996 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of double protein dairy products have appeared on the market. It is a dairy product made by replacing parts of animal protein with plant protein and then using certain production methods. For some countries with limited milk resources, insufficient protein intake and low income, double protein dairy products have a bright future. More and more studies have found that double protein dairy products have combined effects which can alleviate the relatively poor functional properties of plant protein, including solubility, foaming, emulsifying and gelling. In addition, the taste of plant protein has been improved. This review focuses on the current state of research on double protein dairy products. It covers some salient features in the science and technology of plant proteins and suggests strategies for improving their use in various food applications. At the same time, it is expected that the fermentation methods used for those traditional dairy products as well as other processing technologies could be applied to produce novelty foods based on plant proteins.
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3
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Effects of the carbohydrate and protein compositions in the milk replacer on the growth performance and gastrointestinal development of the Holstein calves from 35–70 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Wang S, Hu F, Diao Q, Li S, Tu Y, Bi Y. Comparison of Growth Performance, Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, and Liver Transcriptome of Calves between Whole Milk and Plant Protein-Based Milk Replacer under the Same Energy and Protein Levels. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020270. [PMID: 35204153 PMCID: PMC8868243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-cost milk proteins necessitate cheaper, effective milk replacer alternatives, such as plant proteins. To examine plant protein-based milk replacer’s impact on growth performance, serum immune and antioxidant indicators, and liver transcriptome profiles in suckling calves. We assigned 28 newborn Holstein calves (41.60 ± 3.67 kg of body weight at birth) to milk (M) or milk replacer (MR) and starter diets pre-weaning (0–70 d of age) but with the same starter diet post-weaning (71–98 d of age). During the pre-weaning period, compared with the M group, MR group had significantly lower body weight, withers height, heart girth, average daily gain, feed efficiency, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M concentration, superoxide dismutase concentration, and total antioxidant capacity; whereas they had significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration. During the post-weaning period, MR group presented significantly higher average daily gain, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malonaldehyde concentrations; whereas they had significantly lower serum IgA and IgM concentrations than the M group. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1, 120 and 293 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; MR vs. M group) in the calves from pre- and post-weaning periods, respectively. The DEGs related to xenobiotic and lipid metabolism and those related to energy metabolism, immune function, and mineral metabolism were up- and downregulated, respectively, during the pre-weaning period; during the post-weaning period, the DEGs related to osteoclast differentiation and metabolic pathways showed difference. In this study, compared with M group, MR group had the same growth performance during the overall experimental period; however, MR affected the hepatic metabolism, immune, and antioxidant function of calves. These observations can facilitate future studies on milk replacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (F.H.); (Q.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (F.H.); (Q.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (F.H.); (Q.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (F.H.); (Q.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (F.H.); (Q.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (S.W.); (F.H.); (Q.D.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (Y.B.)
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5
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Wu Y, Wang W, Kim IH, Yang Y. Dietary hydrolyzed wheat gluten supplementation ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunctions of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli O78. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101615. [PMID: 34952261 PMCID: PMC8715217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate a protective effect of hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunctions in broilers. Broilers fed a basal diet unsupplemented or supplemented with HWG (0.5% or 1%) were intraperitoneally injected with either E. coli O78 suspension (108 CFU/mL) or equal volume of vehicle on d 18 of age. Blood and tissue samples were collected 3rd d post infection. The results showed that E. coli-infection increased immune-organ indexes of spleen and thymus, enhanced serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level, impaired ileal villus structure and reduced tight junction mRNA levels (Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1, P < 0.05), while increased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and TLR4 in the ileum of broilers (P < 0.05). The effects of E. coli O78 challenge on organ indexes of spleen and thymus, serum DAO level, mRNA levels of tight junctions were alleviated by 1% HWG supplementation, the upregulations of IL-1β and TLR4 were prevented by 0.5% HWG supplementation (P < 0.05). In addition, increased IFN-γ of E. coli-infected broilers was abrogated by 0.5% or 1% HWG supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary HWG supplementation ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunctions triggered by E. coli-infection in the ileum of broilers. HWG supplementation might be a nutritional strategy to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Nantong Tiancheng Modern Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226634 China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, 330-714 Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
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6
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van Niekerk JK, Fischer-Tlustos AJ, Wilms JN, Hare KS, Welboren AC, Lopez AJ, Yohe TT, Cangiano LR, Leal LN, Steele MA. ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: New frontiers in calf and heifer nutrition-From conception to puberty. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8341-8362. [PMID: 34053756 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dairy calf nutrition is traditionally one of the most overlooked aspects of dairy management, despite its large effect on the efficiency and profitability of dairy operations. Unfortunately, among all animals on the dairy farm, calves suffer from the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. These challenges have catalyzed calf nutrition research over the past decade to mitigate high incidences of disease and death, and improve animal health, growth, welfare, and industry sustainability. However, major knowledge gaps remain in several crucial stages of development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the key concepts of nutritional physiology and programming from conception to puberty and their subsequent effects on development of the calf, and ultimately, future performance. During fetal development, developmental plasticity is highest. At this time, maternal energy and protein consumption can influence fetal development, likely playing a critical role in calf and heifer development and, importantly, future production. After birth, the calf's first meal of colostrum is crucial for the transfer of immunoglobulin to support calf health and survival. However, colostrum also contains numerous bioactive proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that may play key roles in calf growth and health. Extending the delivery of these bioactive compounds to the calf through a gradual transition from colostrum to milk (i.e., extended colostrum or transition milk feeding) may confer benefits in the first days and weeks of life to prepare the calf for the preweaning period. Similarly, optimal nutrition during the preweaning period is vital. Preweaning calves are highly susceptible to health challenges, and improved calf growth and health can positively influence future milk production. Throughout the world, the majority of dairy calves rely on milk replacer to supply adequate nutrition. Recent research has started to re-evaluate traditional formulations of milk replacers, which can differ significantly in composition compared with whole milk. Transitioning from a milk-based diet to solid feed is critical in the development of mature ruminants. Delaying weaning age and providing long and gradual step-down protocols have become common to avoid production and health challenges. Yet, determining how to appropriately balance the amount of energy and protein supplied in both liquid and solid feeds based on preweaning milk allowances, and further acknowledging their interactions, shows great promise in improving growth and health during weaning. After weaning and during the onset of puberty, heifers are traditionally offered high-forage diets. However, recent work suggests that an early switch to a high-forage diet will depress intake and development during the time when solid feed efficiency is greatest. It has become increasingly clear that there are great opportunities to advance our knowledge of calf nutrition; yet, a more concentrated and rigorous approach to research that encompasses the long-term consequences of nutritional regimens at each stage of life is required to ensure the sustainability and efficiency of the global dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K van Niekerk
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - A J Fischer-Tlustos
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - J N Wilms
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2; Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - K S Hare
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - A C Welboren
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - A J Lopez
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - T T Yohe
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - L R Cangiano
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - L N Leal
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2.
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7
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Terré M, Ortuzar I, Graffelman J, Bassols A, Vidal M, Bach A. Using compositional mixed-effects models to evaluate responses to amino acid supplementation in milk replacers for calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7808-7819. [PMID: 33865583 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of supplementing Lys, Met, and Thr in milk replacers (MR) for calves have been widely studied, but scarce information exists about potential roles of other AA (whether essential or not). The effects on growth performance of supplementation of 4 different AA combinations in a mixed ration (25.4% crude protein and 20.3% fat) based on skim milk powder and whey protein concentrate were evaluated in 76 Holstein male calves (3 ± 1.7 d old). The 4 MR were as follows: CTRL with no AA supplementation; PG, supplying additional 0.3% Pro and 0.1% Gly; FY, supplying additional 0.2% Phe and 0.2% Tyr; and KMT, providing additional 0.62% Lys, 0.22% Met, and 0.61% Thr. All calves were fed the same milk allowance program and were weaned at 56 d of study. Concentrate intake was limited to minimize interference of potential differences in solid feed intake among treatments. Animals were weighed weekly, intakes recorded daily, and blood samples obtained at 2, 5, and 7 wk of study to determine serum urea and plasma AA concentrations. Plasma AA concentrations were explored using compositional data analysis, and their isometric log-ratio transformations were used to analyze their potential influence on ADG and serum urea concentration using a linear mixed-effects model. We detected no differences in calf performance and feed intake. Plasma relative concentration of the AA supplemented in the KMT and PG treatments increased in their respective treatments, and, in PG calves, a slight increase in the proportion of plasma Gly, Glu, and branched-chain AA was also observed. The proportions of plasma branched-chain AA, His, and Gln increased, and those of Thr, Arg, Lys, and Glu decreased with calves' age. A specific log-contrast balance formed by Arg, Thr, and Lys was found to be the main driver for lowering serum urea concentrations and increasing calf growth. The use of compositional mixed-effects models identified a cluster formed by the combination of Arg, Thr, and Lys, as a potential AA to optimize calf growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Terré
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - I Ortuzar
- Department of Statistics and Operation Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Graffelman
- Department of Statistics and Operation Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vidal
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - A Bach
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain; ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Lysine and Methionine Supplementation for Dairy Calves Is More Accurate through the Liquid than the Solid Diet. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020332. [PMID: 33525676 PMCID: PMC7912555 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves supplemented with lysine and methionine in milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in Control without supplementation (1) and; Lysine and Methionine supplementation to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the SC (2) and to achieve of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the MR (3). MR was fed (6 L/d) until the 8th week of life when weaning occurred. Calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly. Blood samples were collected biweekly to evaluate the intermediate metabolism. The AA supplementation resulted in lower body weight at weaning and week 10. Calves fed SC Lys:Met had lower SC intake and lower total feed intake at weaning when compared to control. Calves fed control had higher heart girth, hip-width, and plasma glucose concentration. The supplementation with Lys and Met did not benefit dairy calves' performance nor metabolism in this study. Supplementation through the MR was more efficient than SC to result in adequate daily intakes of AA. Further studies are needed to understand the negative effects of AA on calf starter intake.
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9
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Effects of hydrolyzed cottonseed protein added to poor or good quality colostrum and milk on performance, health, and metabolism in Holstein dairy calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Bai Y, Liu T, Hultquist K, Wu J, Casper DP. Feeding an amino acid formulated milk replacer for Holstein calves. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa099. [PMID: 32266373 PMCID: PMC7323258 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The milk-fed calf has a requirement for amino acids (AA) instead of crude protein (CP); however, most milk replacers (MR) are still formulated for CP concentrations. Previous work has demonstrated that feeding a modified MR (24:20; CP:fat @ 0.64 kg/d) improved calf growth performance compared with standard (20:20 @ 0.57 kg/d) and accelerated MR (26:16 @ 0.78 kg/d). The 56-d study objective was to determine if feeding an MR formulated using synthetic AA to achieve the AA concentrations of a 24:20 MR while reducing CP results in similar or enhanced growth performance and/or reduce cost compared with standard MR formulations. Eighty 3- to 5-d-old Holstein bull calves received in two lots (40) within the same week were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of four MR treatments consisting of 20:20 (20), 22:20 (22), 24:20 (24), and a 22:20 having the AA concentrations of the 24, but with reduced CP (22AA). All MR contain decoquinate and were fed at 0.57 kg/calf daily split into 2×/d feeding for 14 d via bucket, increased to 0.85 kg/calf daily in two feedings until 35 d, and then fed 1×/d at 0.41 kg/calf daily with weaning after day 42. Calves were housed in straw-bedded hutches with ad libitum access to water and pelleted calf starter (CS). All data were statistically analyzed as a randomized complete block design with block considered random with week as a repeated measurement. Initial BW was similar (P > 0.10) across all treatments (42.4 ± 2.2 kg). Calves fed 22AA MR demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) BW compared with calves fed the 24 MR, and calves fed the 20 and 22 MR being intermediate and similar (P > 0.10; 78.7, 78.8, 76.5, and 81.8 kg for 20, 22, 24, and 22AA, respectively). CS intake was greater (P < 0.05) for calves fed 22AA (0.74, 0.78, 0.65, and 0.81 kg/d) compared with calves fed the 20 and 24, but similar (P > 0.10) to calves fed 22. Calves fed 24 MR demonstrated the lowest CS intake. This study demonstrates that similar growth performance can be achieved by feeding an AA fortified MR having a lesser CP concentration, which might reduce feed costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agricultural Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | | | - Jianping Wu
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agricultural Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
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11
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Gerrits W. Symposium review: Macronutrient metabolism in the growing calf. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3684-3691. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Chagas JCC, Ferreira MA, Campos MM, Machado FS, Silva LC, Faciola A, Marcondes MI. Energy and protein requirements of crossbred Holstein × Gyr calves fed commercial milk replacer and amino acid supplement. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to estimate the energy and protein requirements for Holstein × Gyr calves up to 60 days of age fed with milk replacer and amino acid supplement. Fifty male calves were used, of which seven were randomly allocated into the reference group and slaughtered at 8 days of age, seven were randomly allocated into the maintenance group slaughtered at 30 days of age, and the 36 remaining calves were included in the experiment at 8 days of age and randomly supplied with four dietary methionine+cysteine:lysine ratios (RMCL; 44%, 48%, 52%, and 56%) through amino acid supplement added as 1 kg/day of milk replacer reconstituted at 13.8% of dry matter. Different RMCL were tested for the models, and there were no significant effects on energy and protein requirements. The net energy requirement for maintenance was 75.2 kcal/empty bodyweight (EBW)0.75.day, with an energy use efficiency for maintenance of 67.38%. The prediction equation of net energy requirement for gain (Mcal/day) was energy retained = 0.0879 × EBW0.75 × empty bodyweight gain (EBWG)0.7580, with an energy use efficiency for gain of 47.57%. The estimated requirements for metabolisable protein for maintenance were 4.83 g/EBW0.75.day. The estimated equation for net protein requirements for gain (g/day) was NPg = EBWG × 246.73 × EBW–0.1204, with a protein use efficiency for gain of 71.55%. The estimated requirements for energy and proteins were greater than the values reported for calves fed with milk. Milk replacers are less efficiently used by calves up to 60 days of age when compared with whole milk.
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Yu K, Matzapetakis M, Valent D, Saco Y, De Almeida AM, Terré M, Bassols A. Skeletal muscle metabolomics and blood biochemistry analysis reveal metabolic changes associated with dietary amino acid supplementation in dairy calves. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13850. [PMID: 30218007 PMCID: PMC6138728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of different amino acid (AA) supplementations of milk protein-based milk replacers in pre-ruminant calves from 3 days to 7 weeks of age were studied. Animals were divided into 4 groups: Ctrl) Control group fed with milk protein-based milk replacer without supplementation; GP) supplementation with 0.1% glycine and 0.3% proline; FY) supplementation with 0.2% phenylalanine and 0.2% tyrosine; MKT) supplementation with 0.62% lysine, 0.22% methionine and 0.61% threonine. For statistical analysis, t-test was used to compare AA-supplemented animals to the Ctrl group. At week 7, body weight and average daily gain (ADG) were measured and blood samples and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken. Blood biochemistry analytes related to energy metabolism were determined and it was shown that MKT group had higher serum creatinine and higher plasma concentration of three supplemented AAs as well as arginine compared with the Ctrl group. GP group had similar glycine/proline plasma concentration compared with the other groups while in FY group only plasma phenylalanine concentration was higher compared with Control. Although the AA supplementations in the GP and FY groups did not affect average daily gain and metabolic health profile from serum, the metabolome analysis from skeletal muscle biopsy revealed several differences between the GP-FY groups and the Ctrl-MKT groups, suggesting a metabolic adaptation especially in GP and FY groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manolis Matzapetakis
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniel Valent
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Saco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - André M De Almeida
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Terré
- Departament de Producció de Remugants, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries Caldes de Montbui, 08140, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Chagas J, Ferreira M, Faciola A, Machado F, Campos M, Entjes M, Donzele J, Marcondes M. Effects of methionine plus cysteine inclusion on performance and body composition of liquid-fed crossbred calves fed a commercial milk replacer and no starter feed. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6055-6065. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Morrison S, Campbell J, Drackley J. Amino acid supplementation of calf milk replacers containing plasma protein. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4637-4649. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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