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Chen M, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang D, Shi QS, Zhong XQ, Guo Y, Xie XB. High value valorization of lignin as environmental benign antimicrobial. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100520. [PMID: 36590981 PMCID: PMC9800644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a natural aromatic polymer of p-hydroxyphenylpropanoids with various biological activities. Noticeably, plants have made use of lignin as biocides to defend themselves from pathogen microbial invasions. Thus, the use of isolated lignin as environmentally benign antimicrobial is believed to be a promising high value approach for lignin valorization. On the other hand, as green and sustainable product of plant photosynthesis, lignin should be beneficial to reduce the carbon footprint of antimicrobial industry. There have been many reports that make use of lignin to prepare antimicrobials for different applications. However, lignin is highly heterogeneous polymers different in their monomers, linkages, molecular weight, and functional groups. The structure and property relationship, and the mechanism of action of lignin as antimicrobial remains ambiguous. To show light on these issues, we reviewed the publications on lignin chemistry, antimicrobial activity of lignin models and isolated lignin and associated mechanism of actions, approaches in synthesis of lignin with improved antimicrobial activity, and the applications of lignin as antimicrobial in different fields. Hopefully, this review will help and inspire researchers in the preparation of lignin antimicrobial for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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Géry A, Séguin V, Eldin de Pécoulas P, Bonhomme J, Garon D. Aspergilli series Versicolores: importance of species identification in the clinical setting. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35758008 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2082267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The moulds of the genus Aspergillus section Nidulantes series Versicolores are ubiquitous and particularly recurrent in indoor air. They are considered present in 70% of the bioaerosols to which we are exposed most of our time spent indoors. With the taxonomic revision proposed in 2012 and the discovery of four new species, the series Versicolores currently includes 18 species. These moulds, although considered as cryptic (except Aspergillus sydowii), are opportunistic pathogens that can exhibit increased minimal inhibitory concentrations to conventional antifungal agents. In this review, we discuss the ecology and clinical implications of each species belonging to the series Versicolores. This survey also highlights the lack of consideration for taxonomic revisions in clinical practice and in scientific studies which greatly limits the acquisition of specific knowledge on species belonging to the series Versicolores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Géry
- Unicaen and Unirouen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Centre F. Baclesse, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Virginie Séguin
- Unicaen and Unirouen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Centre F. Baclesse, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | | | - Julie Bonhomme
- Unicaen and Unirouen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Centre F. Baclesse, Normandie Univ, Caen, France.,Department of Microbiology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - David Garon
- Unicaen and Unirouen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Centre F. Baclesse, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
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Leon-Tinoco A, Guimarães B, Almeida S, Reyes D, Rivera S, Killerby M, Wu C, Perkins B, Knight C, Romero J. Effect of lignosulfonates on the dry matter loss, nutritional value, and microbial counts of high moisture alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Leon-Tinoco AY, Annis SL, Almeida ST, Guimarães BC, Killerby M, Zhang J, Wu C, Perkins LB, Ma Z, Jeong KC, Romero JJ. Evaluating the potential of lignosulfonates and chitosans as alfalfa hay preservatives using in vitro techniques. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6576121. [PMID: 35486739 PMCID: PMC9175294 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to compare the antifungal activity of 5 lignosulfonates, and 2 chitosans against fungi isolated from spoiled hay, and assess the effects of an optimized lignosulfonate, chitosan, and propionic acid (PRP) on high-moisture alfalfa hay. In experiment 1, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of 4 sodium lignosulfonates, 1 magnesium lignosulfonate, 2 chitosans, and PRP (positive control) against Aspergillus amoenus, Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium solitum, and Debaromyces hansenii at pH 4 and 6. Among sodium lignosulfonates, the one from Sappi Ltd. (NaSP) was the most antifungal at pH 4. However, chitosans had the strongest fungicidal activity with the exception of M. circinelloides at both pH 4 and 6. PRP had more antifungal effects than NaSP and was only better than chitosans for M. circinelloides. In experiment 2, we evaluated the effects of 3 additives (ADV): optimized NaSP (NaSP-O, UMaine), naïve chitosan (ChNv, Sigma-Aldrich), and PRP on high-moisture alfalfa hay. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design replicated 5 times. Treatment design was the factorial combination of 3 ADV× 5 doses (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% w/w fresh basis). Additives were added to 35 g of sterile alfalfa hay (71.5 ± 0.23% DM), inoculated with a mixture of previously isolated spoilage fungi (5.8 log cfu/fresh g), and aerobically incubated in vitro for 23 d (25°C). After incubation, DM losses were reduced by doses as low as 0.25% for both NaSP-O and PRP (x=1.61) vs. untreated hay (24.0%), partially due to the decrease of mold and yeast counts as their doses increased. Also, hay NH3-N was lower in NaSP-O and PRP, with doses as low as 0.25%, relative to untreated hay (x= 1.13 vs 7.80% of N, respectively). Both NaSP-O and PRP increased digestible DM recovery (x= 69.7) and total volatile fatty acids (x= 94.3), with doses as low as 0.25%, compared with untreated hay (52.7% and 83.8 mM, respectively). However, ChNv did not decrease mold nor yeast counts (x= 6.59 and x= 6.16 log cfu/fresh g; respectively) and did not prevent DM losses relative to untreated hay. Overall, when using an alfalfa hay substrate in vitro, NaSP-O was able to prevent fungal spoilage to a similar extent to PRP. Thus, further studies are warranted to develop NaSP-O as a hay preservative under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seanna L Annis
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono , ME, 04469, USA
| | - Saulo T Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lavras , Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bianca C Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lavras , Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Killerby
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono , ME, 04469, USA
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark , DE, 19716, USA
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark , DE, 19716, USA
| | - Lewis B Perkins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono , ME, 04469, USA
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville , FL, 32608, USA
| | - Kwangcheol C Jeong
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville , FL, 32608, USA
| | - Juan J Romero
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Maine, Orono , ME, 04469, USA
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Killerby MA, Almeida STR, Hollandsworth R, Guimaraes BC, Leon-Tinoco A, Perkins LB, Henry D, Schwartz TJ, Romero JJ. Effect of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on the dry matter loss, nutritional value, microbial counts, and ruminal in vitro gas production kinetics of wet brewer's grain silage. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6555706. [PMID: 35350073 PMCID: PMC9109006 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on spoilage, ruminal in vitro fermentation, and methane production of wet brewer's grain (WBG) silage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 10 g/kg fresh WBG (NaL1) and 20 g/kg (NaL2), propionic acid at 5 g/kg fresh WBG (PRP, 99%), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu/fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). Fresh WBG was treated and then ensiled for 60 d, after which mini silos were opened and aerobically exposed (AES) for 10 d. Data were analyzed as a RCBD (5 blocks) with a 5 TRT × 3 stages (STG; Fresh, Ensiled, and AES) factorial arrangement. Results showed that Ensiled PRP-treated WBG markedly preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates and starch than all other Ensiled TRT (P<0.001). Dry matter losses of Ensiled PRP-treated WBG were 48% lower than all other Ensiled TRT (P=0.009) but were not different than CON in AES (P=0.350). Due to its greater concentration of digestible nutrients, PRP-treated AES was less aerobically stable than CON (P=0.03). Preservation was not improved by INO, NaL1 or NaL2 but the latter prevented the increase of neutral detergent fiber across STG (P=0.392). Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) decreased only in Ensiled CON, INO and NaL1 relative to Fresh WBG and AES NaL2 had greater IVDMD than all other AES TRT (P≤0.032). In vitro ruminal fermentation of Fresh WBG resulted in a greater methane concentration and yield than the other STG (P<0.033). In conclusion, PRP was the most effective at preserving WBG during ensiling but failed to improve aerobic stability under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A Killerby
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Saulo T R Almeida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rachel Hollandsworth
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Bianca C Guimaraes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Angela Leon-Tinoco
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Lewis B Perkins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Darren Henry
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Thomas J Schwartz
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Juan J Romero
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Killerby MA, Reyes DC, White R, Romero JJ. Meta-analysis of the effects of chemical and microbial preservatives on hay spoilage during storage. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6539998. [PMID: 35230425 PMCID: PMC8903179 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of chemical (50 articles) and microbial (21 articles) additives on hay preservation during storage. Multilevel linear mixed-effects models were fit with response variables calculated as predicted differences (Δ) between treated and untreated samples. Chemical preservatives were classified into five groups such as propionic acid (PropA), buffered organic acids (BOA), other organic acids (OOA), urea, and anhydrous ammonia (AA). Moderators of the models included preservative class (PC), forage type (FT; grass, legumes, and mixed hay), moisture concentration (MC), and application rate (AR). Dry matter (DM) loss during storage was affected by PC × FT (P = 0.045), PC × AR (P < 0.001), and PC × MC (P = 0.009), relative to the overall effect of preservatives (-0.37%). DM loss in PropA-treated hay was numerically reduced to a greater extent in grasses (-16.2), followed by mixed hay (-1.76), but it increased (+2.2%) in legume hay. Increasing AR of PropA resulted in decrease in DM loss (slope = -1.34). Application of BOA, OOA, PropA, and AA decreased visual relative moldiness by -22.1, -29.4, -45.5, and -12.2 percentage points, respectively (PC; P < 0.001). Sugars were higher in treated grass hay (+1.9) and lower in treated legume hay (-0.8% of DM) relative to their untreated counterparts (P < 0.001). The application of all preservatives resulted in higher crude protein (CP) than untreated hay, particularly urea (+7.92) and AA (+5.66% of DM), but PropA, OOA, and BOA also increased CP by 2.37, 2.04, and 0.73 percentage points, respectively. Additionally, preservative application overall resulted in higher in vitro DM digestibility (+1.9% of DM) relative to the untreated hay (x¯=58.3%), which increased with higher AR (slope = 1.64) and decreased with higher MC (slope = -0.27). Microbial inoculants had small effects on hay spoilage because the overall DM loss effect size was -0.21%. Relative to untreated (x¯=4.63% DM), grass hay preserved more sugars (+1.47) than legumes (+0.33) when an inoculant was applied. In conclusion, organic acid-based preservatives prevent spoilage of hay during storage, but their effectiveness is affected by FT, MC, and AR. Microbial inoculants had minor effects on preservation that were impaired by increased MC. Moreover, legume hay was less responsive to the effects of preservatives than grass hay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A Killerby
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Diana C Reyes
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Robin White
- Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Juan J Romero
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA,Corresponding author:
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Mishra B, Mishra AK, Kumar S, Mandal SK, NSV L, Kumar V, Baek KH, Mohanta YK. Antifungal Metabolites as Food Bio-Preservative: Innovation, Outlook, and Challenges. Metabolites 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 35050134 PMCID: PMC8778586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perishable food spoilage caused by fungi is a major cause of discomfort for food producers. Food sensory abnormalities range from aesthetic degeneration to significant aroma, color, or consistency alterations due to this spoilage. Bio-preservation is the use of natural or controlled bacteria or antimicrobials to enhance the quality and safety of food. It has the ability to harmonize and rationalize the required safety requirements with conventional preservation methods and food production safety and quality demands. Even though synthetic preservatives could fix such issues, there is indeed a significant social need for "clean label" foods. As a result, consumers are now seeking foods that are healthier, less processed, and safer. The implementation of antifungal compounds has gotten a lot of attention in recent decades. As a result, the identification and characterization of such antifungal agents has made promising advances. The present state of information on antifungal molecules, their modes of activity, connections with specific target fungi varieties, and uses in food production systems are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwambhar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101, India;
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Lakshmayya NSV
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India
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