Rai C, Priyadarshini P. Whey protein hydrolysates improve high-fat-diet-induced obesity by modulating the brain-peripheral axis of GLP-1 through inhibition of DPP-4 function in mice.
Eur J Nutr 2023;
62:2489-2507. [PMID:
37154934 DOI:
10.1007/s00394-023-03162-4]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE
Obesity is a growing global health concern. Recent literature indicates a prominent role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in glucose metabolism and food intake. The synergistic action of GLP-1 in the gut and brain is responsible for its satiety-inducing effect, suggesting that upregulation of active GLP-1 levels could be an alternative strategy to combat obesity. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an exopeptidase known to inactivate GLP-1, suggesting that its inhibition could be a crucial strategy for effectively extending the half-life of endogenous GLP-1. Peptides derived from partial hydrolysis of dietary proteins are gaining traction due to their inhibitory activity on DPP-4.
METHODS
Whey protein hydrolysate from bovine milk (bmWPH) was produced using simulated in situ digestion, purified using RP-HPLC, and characterized for DPP-4 inhibition. The antiadipogenic and antiobesity activity of bmWPH was then studied in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD) mice model, respectively.
RESULTS
The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of bmWPH on the catalytic activity of DPP-4 was observed. Additionally, bmWPH suppressed adipogenic transcription factors and DPP-4 protein levels, leading to a negative effect on preadipocyte differentiation. In an HFD mice model, co-administration of WPH for 20 weeks downregulated adipogenic transcription factors, resulting in a concomitant reduction in whole body weight and adipose tissues. Mice fed with bmWPH also showed a marked reduction in DPP-4 levels in WAT, liver, and serum. Furthermore, HFD mice fed with bmWPH exhibited increased serum and brain GLP levels, which led to a significant decrease in food intake.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, bmWPH reduces body weight in HFD mice by suppressing appetite through GLP-1, a satiety-inducing hormone, in both the brain and peripheral circulation. This effect is achieved through modulation of both the catalytic and non-catalytic activity of DPP-4.
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