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Jimenez CR, Moretti DB, da Silva TP, Corrêa PS, da Costa RLD, Siu TM, Louvandini H. Cottonseed (gossypol) intake during gestation and lactation does affect the ovarian population in ewes and lambs? Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:557-567. [PMID: 33541712 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate if the cottonseed intake during gestation and lactation affects the ovarian population in ewes and lambs. Therefore, 39 ewes were evaluated during 10 months under two treatments: Cottonseed and soybeans. The quantification of ovarian follicular dynamics was analyzed by ultrasound and the determination of progesterone and estradiol levels was interpreted by radioimmunoassay. After weaning, ovaries of lambs (n = 10) were collected by ovariectomy and fixed for the assessment of follicular parameters as normality, classification, diameter, ultrastructure, stereology, and as well as immunoexpression of the α-estradiol receptor α (ER-α). The results showed that the cottonseed consumption altered neither the ovarian nor the hormonal follicular dynamics of Santa Inês ewes after calving and did not affect the normality, classification, diameter, stereology and follicular ultrastructure of offspring. Nevertheless, the offspring of ewes fed with cottonseed showed high ER-α immunoexpression in the ovarian structures. It is concluded that cottonseed did not affect the maternal-descendant follicular dynamics. However, lambs' ovaries had highest α-ER immunoexpression in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells and corpus luteum. This fact warns of a possible change in the future steroidogenic response of these lambs that had progenitors consuming cottonseed in their reproductive period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodriguez Jimenez
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Débora Botéquio Moretti
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Tairon Pannunzio da Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Spoto Corrêa
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lopes Dias da Costa
- Reference Laboratory on Classification and Evaluation of Animal Products, Institute of Zootechnics, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - Tsai Mui Siu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Jimenez CR, Moretti DB, Corrêa PS, da Costa RLD, Mui TS, Machado-Neto R, Louvandini H. Morphological-metric, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical effects of gossypol on cultured granulosa cells and oocytes of ewes using MOEPF. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 201:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Câmara ACL, Gadelha ICN, Borges PAC, de Paiva SA, Melo MM, Soto-Blanco B. Toxicity of Gossypol from Cottonseed Cake to Sheep Ovarian Follicles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143708. [PMID: 26600470 PMCID: PMC4658018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypol, a polyphenol compound produced by cotton plant, has proven reproductive toxicity, but the effects of gossypol on sheep ovaries are unknown. This study was aimed to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of gossypol on the ovarian follicles of sheep. This trial was divided into two experiments. In the first one, we used twelve non-pregnant, nulliparous, Santa Inês crossbred ewes, which were randomly distributed into two equal groups and fed diets with and without cottonseed cake. Feed was offered at 1.5% of the animal’s body weight for 63 days. The concentrations of total and free gossypol in the cottonseed cake were 3.28 mg/g and 0.11 mg/g, respectively. Throughout the trial period, no animal showed clinical signs of toxicity and no effects on body weight were observed. However, there was a significantly lower number of viable ovarian follicles (20.6%) and higher number of atretic follicles (79.4%) in the gossypol-fed sheep compared to the control (85.1 and 34.9%, respectively). These findings were observed at all stages of follicular development. In the second experiment, eight ovaries from slaughterhouse were cultured with different concentrations of gossypol acetic acid (0, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL) for 24 hours or seven days. The in vitro action of gossypol resulted in a significant decrease in viable ovarian follicles, especially the primary and transition follicles, and a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles after 24 hours of culture. These follicles were greatly affected when cultured with gossypol for seven days. It is concluded that gossypol present in cotton seeds directly acts on ovarian follicles in sheep to increase atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Carlos Lopes Câmara
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota 572, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Ivana Cristina Nunes Gadelha
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota 572, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Cordeiro Borges
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota 572, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Silvano Alves de Paiva
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota 572, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Melo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Gadelha ICN, Fonseca NBS, Oloris SCS, Melo MM, Soto-Blanco B. Gossypol toxicity from cottonseed products. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:231635. [PMID: 24895646 PMCID: PMC4033412 DOI: 10.1155/2014/231635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gossypol is a phenolic compound produced by pigment glands in cotton stems, leaves, seeds, and flower buds (Gossypium spp.). Cottonseed meal is a by-product of cotton that is used for animal feeding because it is rich in oil and proteins. However, gossypol toxicity limits cottonseed use in animal feed. High concentrations of free gossypol may be responsible for acute clinical signs of gossypol poisoning which include respiratory distress, impaired body weight gain, anorexia, weakness, apathy, and death after several days. However, the most common toxic effects is the impairment of male and female reproduction. Another important toxic effect of gossypol is its interference with immune function, reducing an animal's resistance to infections and impairing the efficiency of vaccines. Preventive procedures to limit gossypol toxicity involve treatment of the cottonseed product to reduce the concentration of free gossypol with the most common treatment being exposure to heat. However, free gossypol can be released from the bound form during digestion. Agronomic selection has produced cotton varieties devoid of glands producing gossypol, but these varieties are not normally grown because they are less productive and are more vulnerable to attacks by insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cristina N. Gadelha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR 110 Km 47, 59628-360 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Nayanna Brunna S. Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR 110 Km 47, 59628-360 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Marília M. Melo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Villaseñor M, Coscioni A, Galvão K, Chebel R, Santos J. Gossypol Disrupts Embryo Development in Heifers. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3015-24. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Elevated temperature can reduce developmental competence of the preimplantation embryo. Whether an embryo survives elevated temperature depends on its genotype, stage of development, exposure to regulatory molecules and redox status. Following fertilization, the embryo is very sensitive to heat shock. By Days 4-5 after insemination, however, the embryo has acquired increased resistance to elevated temperature. One system that may potentiate embryonic survival at later stages of embryonic development is the apoptosis response-inhibition of apoptosis responses at Day 4 exacerbated effects of heat shock on development. Embryo responses to heat shock at Days 4-5 also depend upon genotype because Bos indicus embryos are more resistant than embryos from non-adapted B. taurus. Some experiments (although not all) indicate that survival following heat shock can be increased by reducing oxygen tension, suggesting involvement of reactive oxygen species or hypoxia-induced factors. Embryonic responses to heat shock are also affected by regulatory molecules that act to modify cellular physiology and improve cell survival. The best characterized of these is insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Actions of IGF-1 to allow development following heat shock are independent of its anti-apoptotic actions because inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway through which IGF-1 blocks apoptosis does not prevent thermoprotective effects of IGF-1 on development. Identification of specific determinants of embryonic survival creates the opportunity for new strategies to improve pregnancy rates in animals exposed to heat stress. Many environmental perturbations activate similar cellular responses. Therefore, molecular and cellular systems that improve embryonic survival to heat shock may confer protection from other embryotoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA.
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Galvão KN, Santos JEP, Coscioni AC, Juchem SO, Chebel RC, Sischo WM, Villaseñor M. Embryo survival from gossypol-fed heifers after transfer to lactating cows treated with human chorionic gonadotropin. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:2056-64. [PMID: 16702269 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of gossypol exposure during early embryo development on embryonic survival after transfer of frozen and thawed embryos to lactating dairy cows treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Holstein cows (n = 269) were either treated or not treated with 3,300 IU of hCG on d 5 of the estrous cycle and received an embryo collected from heifers fed or not fed gossypol. Embryo donor heifers consumed either 0 or 12 g/d of free gossypol for 76 d prior to embryo collection, resulting in mean plasma gossypol concentrations of 0 and 7.38 microg/mL, respectively. Embryos were transferred on d 7 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy diagnosed 21 and 35 d later. Progesterone was analyzed in plasma collected on d 5 and 12 of the estrous cycle. Treatment with hCG increased the total luteal area on d 12 (818.0 vs. 461.1 mm2) because of increased number of corpora lutea (2.0 vs. 1.0) and increased area of the original corpora lutea (522.7 vs. 443.5 mm2). Plasma progesterone concentrations were similar between treatments on d 5, but increased by d 12 in hCG-treated cows (6.46 vs. 4.78 ng/ mL). Pregnancy rates on d 28 and 42 were not affected by hCG. However, after transfer into lactating cows, embryos collected from heifers not fed gossypol resulted in higher pregnancy rates at 28 d (33.3 vs. 23.1%) and 42 d (29.6 vs. 20.2%) of gestation compared with embryos collected from heifers fed gossypol. Our data suggest that the negative effects of gossypol on fertility are mediated by changes in embryo viability in spite of similar grade quality at transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Galvão
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California-Davis, Tulare 93274, USA
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