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van Gastelen S, Dijkstra J, Nichols K, Bannink A. Abomasal infusion of ground corn and ammonium chloride in early-lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows to induce hindgut and metabolic acidosis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4174-4191. [PMID: 33485681 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Next to rumen acidosis, other forms of acidosis may also affect lactational performance of cows. Therefore, the effects of hindgut acidosis, induced via abomasal infusion of ground corn, and metabolic acidosis, induced via abomasal infusion of NH4Cl, were studied in cows in early lactation. Observations were made on intake and digestibility of nutrients, lactation performance, energy and N partitioning, blood acid-base status, and rumen and hindgut fermentation characteristics. In a 6 × 6 Latin square design, 6 rumen-fistulated, second-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (48 ± 17 d in milk) were subjected to 5 d of continuous abomasal infusions of water as control, or solutions of 2.5 mol of NH4Cl/d, 5.0 mol of NH4Cl/d, 3.0 kg of ground corn/d, or the combination of ground corn with either of the 2 NH4Cl levels, followed by 2 d of rest. Treatment solutions were administered via peristaltic pumps through infusion lines attached to the rumen cannula plug and an abomasal infusion line with a flexible disk (equipped with holes to allow digesta passage) to secure its placement through the sulcus omasi. A total mixed ration consisting of 70% grass silage and 30% concentrate (on dry matter basis) was fed at 95% of ad libitum intake of individual cows. The experiment was conducted in climate respiration chambers to determine feed intake, lactation performance, and energy and N balance. Abomasal infusion of NH4Cl affected the acid-base status of the cows, but more strongly when in combination with abomasal infusion of ground corn. Metabolic acidosis (defined as a blood pH < 7.40, blood HCO3 concentration < 25.0 mmol/L, and a negative base excess) was observed with 5.0 mol of NH4Cl/d, 3.0 kg of ground corn/d + 2.5 mol of NH4Cl/d, and 3.0 kg of ground corn/d + 5.0 mol of NH4Cl/d. Metabolic acidosis was associated with decreased milk lactose content, metabolic body weight, energy retained as protein, and fecal N excretion, and increased urine N excretion, and tended to decrease intake of nutrients. Digestibility of several nutrients increased with 5.0 mol of NH4Cl/d, likely as a result of decreased intake. Abomasal ground corn infusion resulted in hindgut acidosis, where fecal pH decreased from 6.86 without ground corn to 6.00 with ground corn, regardless of NH4Cl level. The decrease in fecal pH was likely the result of increased hindgut fermentation, evidenced by increased fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations. Hindgut acidosis was associated with decreased digestibility of nutrients, except for starch, which increased, and crude fat, which was not affected. No systemic inflammatory response was observed, suggesting that the hindgut epithelium was not severely affected by the more acidic conditions or barrier damage. Abomasal infusion of ground corn increased milk yield, milk protein and lactose yield, fecal N excretion, N use efficiency, and total energy retained as well as energy retained in fat, and reduced milk fat content and urine N excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Nichols
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Al-Qaisi M, Horst EA, Kvidera SK, McCarthy CS, Mayorga EJ, Abeyta MA, Goetz B, Upah NC, McKilligan DM, Kolstad BW, Timms LL, Baumgard LH. Effects of dietary electrolytes, osmolytes, and energetic compounds on body temperature indices in heat-stressed lactating cows. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:42-48. [PMID: 32480187 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of a product containing electrolytes, osmolytes, and energetic compounds (EOEC) on body temperature indices in heat-stressed (HS) Holstein cows. Lactating cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) a control diet (n = 10) or 2) a control diet supplemented with 113 g/d of EOEC (n = 10; Bovine BlueLite® Pellets; TechMix LLC, Stewart, MN). The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P). During P1 (4 d), cows were fed their respective treatments and housed in thermoneutral conditions. During P2 (4 d), HS was artificially induced using an electric heat blanket (EHB). Overall, HS markedly increased vaginal temperature (Tv), rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature (Ts), and respiration rate (RR) (P < .01). There were no dietary treatment differences in Tv, Tr, or RR; however, during P2 EOEC-supplemented cows had increased Ts (0.8 °C; P = .04). Compared to P1, HS decreased DMI and milk yield (45 and 27%, respectively, P < .01) similarly amongst treatments. Relative to P1, circulating insulin decreased (41%; P = .04) in CON cows, whereas it remained unaffected in EOEC-supplemented cows, resulting in a 2-fold increase in EOEC compared with CON-fed cows (P < .01) during P2. Relative to P1, HS increased circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; 63%; P < .01). During P2, there tended to be a treatment by day interaction on circulating NEFA, as concentrations decreased from d 2 to 4 of P2 in EOEC-fed cows but continued to increase in CON cows. In summary, feeding EOEC altered some key aspects of energetic metabolism and increased Ts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Animal Production, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Erin A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sara K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Edith J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Megan A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brady Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leo L Timms
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Nguyen T, Chaiyabutr N, Chanpongsang S, Thammacharoen S. Dietary cation and anion difference: Effects on milk production and body fluid distribution in lactating dairy goats under tropical conditions. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:105-113. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiet Nguyen
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Narongsak Chaiyabutr
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Somchai Chanpongsang
- Department of Husbandry Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sumpun Thammacharoen
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
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Alfonso-Avila A, Charbonneau É, Chouinard P, Tremblay G, Gervais R. Potassium carbonate as a cation source for early-lactation dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1751-1765. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang B, Zhao FQ, Zhang BX, Liu JX. An insufficient glucose supply causes reduced lactose synthesis in lactating dairy cows fed rice straw instead of alfalfa hay1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4771-4780. [PMID: 27898934 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - F.-Q. Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, 211 Terrill Building, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05505
| | - B.-X. Zhang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - J.-X. Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Iwaniuk ME, Erdman RA. Intake, milk production, ruminal, and feed efficiency responses to dietary cation-anion difference by lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8973-85. [PMID: 26409960 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous meta-analyses of the effects of dietary cation anion difference (DCAD; mEq/kg; Na + K - Cl - S) in lactating dairy cow diets used studies conducted after the development of the DCAD concept. Dietary buffers, such as NaHCO3 and K2CO3, increase DCAD and have been used in lactating dairy cow diets for several decades. However, most published studies on buffer feeding were conducted before the development of the DCAD concept. Our objective was to determine the intake, milk production, ruminal, and feed efficiency responses to DCAD using previous studies with dietary buffer addition and more recent studies that focused on DCAD as dietary treatments. The database consisted of 43 articles that were published between 1965 and 2011. The studies included 196 dietary treatments and 89 treatment comparisons with a range in DCAD from -68 to 811mEq/kg of diet DM, with the vast majority between 0 and 500mEq/kg of diet DM. For studies that lacked analyses of one or more of the dietary strong ions (Na, K, Cl, or S), ion percentages were estimated from ingredient composition using the 2001 dairy National Research Council software. Two basic models were used to evaluate DCAD responses using the NLMIXED procedure in SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC): (1) a simple linear model, Y=A + B × (DCAD), where A=intercept and B=the increment (slope) in performance per unit DCAD (mEq/kg of diet DM); and (2) a nonlinear model, Y=A + M[1 - e((K × DCAD))], where M=maximal increment in performance from DCAD and K=the rate constant. In both models, study was designated as the random effect. The DCAD effects best described by the linear model included milk fat percent, fat yield, ruminal pH, NDF digestibility, and feed efficiency [3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM; kg)/dry matter intake (DMI; kg)] where a 100mEq/kg increase in DCAD resulted in respective increases of 0.10%, 36g/d, 0.032 pH units, 1.5% NDF digestibility, and 0.013 FCM/DMI units. The DMI, milk yield, and 3.5% FCM were best described by the nonlinear model where the maximal responses were 1.92, 1.11, and 4.82kg/d, respectively. The expected increments in DMI, milk production, and 3.5% FCM by increasing DCAD from 0 to 500mEq/kg were 1.7, 1.2, and 3.4kg/cow per day, respectively. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that DCAD has significant effects on intake, milk production and composition, digestion, and feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Iwaniuk
- Animal and Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - R A Erdman
- Animal and Avian Sciences Department, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
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Evaluation of calcareous marine algae supplements on production and metabolic parameters of early lactation dairy cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15232/pas.2014-01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Razzaghi A, Aliarabi H, Tabatabaei MM, Saki AA, Valizadeh R, Zamani P. Effect of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference during Prepartum and Postpartum Periods on Performance, Blood and Urine Minerals Status of Holstein Dairy Cow. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:486-95. [PMID: 25049589 PMCID: PMC4092900 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty four periparturient cows were used to determine the effects of DCAD on acid-base balance, plasma and urine mineral concentrations, health status, and subsequent lactation performance. Each group of 12 cows received either a diet containing −100 DCAD or +100 DCAD for 21 d prepartum. Both anionic and cationic groups were divided into two groups, one received a +200 DCAD and the other +400 DCAD diet for 60 d postpartum. Prepartum reduction of DCAD decreased DMI, urinary and blood pH, urinary concentrations of Na or K and increased plasma and urinary Ca, Mg, Cl and S. Also cows fed −100 DCAD diet consumed the most dry matter in the first 60 d after calving. Postpartum +400 DCAD increased milk fat and total solid percentages, urinary and blood pH and urinary Na and K concentrations, but urinary Ca, P, Cl and S contents decreased. Greater DMI, FCM yields were observed in cows fed a diet of +400 DCAD than +200 DCAD. No case of milk fever occurred for any diets but feeding with a negative DCAD diet reduced placenta expulsion time. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in late gestation period and high DCAD in early lactation improves performance and productivity of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Razzaghi
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - H Aliarabi
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - M M Tabatabaei
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - A A Saki
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - R Valizadeh
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - P Zamani
- Department of Animal science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Greghi GF, Netto AS, Schalch UM, Bonato CS, Santana RS, Cunha JA, Silva SDLE, Zanetti MA. Suplemento mineral aniônico para vacas no periparto: parâmetros sanguíneos, urinários e incidência de patologias de importância na bovinocultura leiteira. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fim de avaliar o efeito do suplemento mineral aniônico sobre parâmetros sanguíneos, urinários e incidência de hipocalcemia e retenção de placenta, dezoito vacas de aptidão leiteira com grau de sangue 7/8 Holandesa preta e branca, com 440-620 kg e 5-10 anos, foram divididas com delineamento em blocos em função da ordem de parto em dois grupos: controle (BCAD=46,38mEq/kg de MS) e tratamento (com adição de suplemento mineral aniônico e BCAD = -249,28mEq/kg de MS). Foram monitorados níveis de cálcio total e pH na urina e soro sanguíneo; TCO2, pCO2, HCO3, excesso de base, cálcio ionizado, Na, K, Se no sangue; escore de condição corporal, hematócrito e hemoglobina. Os dados sanguíneos, urinários e ECC foram submetidos ao Proc Means do SAS (2000) com análise de variância a 5% e teste de Tukey e a incidência de retenção de placenta analisada por Mann-Whitney (P<0,07) e a concentração sérica de Se por teste t de Student (P<0,05), ambos pelo GraphPad Prism 5.0. O suplemento mineral aniônico diminuiu os valores de TCO2, pCO2, HCO3 e EB no sangue com menor perda de peso, mas a variação de pH e cálcio foi restrita ao tempo. O suplemento mineral aniônico não provocou leve acidose metabólica desejada e, consequentemente, não preveniu a hipocalcemia. Contudo, por apresentar Se em sua composição, proporcionou maior concentração deste micronutriente no soro e contribuiu para menor retenção de placenta.
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Harrison J, White R, Kincaid R, Block E, Jenkins T, St-Pierre N. Effectiveness of potassium carbonate sesquihydrate to increase dietary cation-anion difference in early lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3919-25. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Correa L, Zanetti M, Del Claro G, Paiva F. Resposta em parâmetros sanguíneos e urinários de vacas leiteiras ao aumento no balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estudou-se efeito de quatro níveis de dietas catiônicas sobre os parâmetros ácido-base do sangue e o pH urinário de vacas em lactação. Para a manipulação dos níveis do balanço cátion-amônico da dieta (BCAD), foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações de bicarbonato de sódio às dietas, obtendo-se os seguintes tratamentos: +150, +250, +400 e +500mEq/kg de matéria seca. O experimento foi realizado durante o verão, por um período total de 72 dias, utilizando-se oito vacas da raça Holandesa após o pico de lactação, distribuídas em quadrado latino (4x4), replicado, em que cada período teve duração de 18 dias. O pH urinário e o bicarbonato, o pH, o CO2 total e a pCO2 do sangue aumentaram linearmente (P<0,01) com o aumento do BCAD. As concentrações de sódio e potássio do sangue não foram modificadas (P>0,05) pelo BCAD. A concentração de cloro no sangue diminuiu linearmente (P<0,01) com o aumento do BCAD. O aumento do BCAD afetou o equilíbrio ácido-base das vacas, promovendo efeito alcalinogênico, o que poderia levar a diferenças significativas no desempenho do animal.
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Aasif Shahzad M, Sarwar M, Mahr-un-Nisa. Influence of varying dietary cation anion difference on serum minerals, mineral balance and hypocalcemia in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hu W, Kung L, Murphy MR. Relationships between dry matter intake and acid–base status of lactating dairy cows as manipulated by dietary cation–anion difference. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of growing male buffalo calves fed varying level of dietary cation anion difference. Livest Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hu W, Murphy MR, Constable PD, Block E. Dietary Cation-Anion Difference Effects on Performance and Acid-Base Status of Dairy Cows Postpartum. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:3367-75. [PMID: 17582122 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to examine the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on performance and acid-base status of cows postpartum. Sixteen Holstein and 8 Jersey multiparous cows were used immediately after calving to compare 2 DCAD [22 or 47 milliequivalents (Na + K - Cl - S)/100 g of dry matter (DM)] in a completely randomized design. The corn silage-based diets were formulated to contain 19.0% crude protein, 25.4% neutral detergent fiber, 15.0% acid detergent fiber, and 1.69 Mcal of net energy for lactation per kilogram (on a DM basis). An additional 2.3 kg of alfalfa hay was fed during the first 5 d postpartum, and then milk, blood, and urine samples were collected weekly for 6 wk. Repeated-measures (with an extra between-cow effect) mixed model analysis indicated that DCAD did not affect DM intake (18.2 and 18.3 kg/d), milk production (33.5 and 33.3 kg/d), milk composition (3.96 and 4.11% fat, 3.11 and 3.00% protein, and 8.95 and 8.83% solids-not-fat), jugular venous blood pH (7.395 and 7.400), HCO3(-) concentration (27.3 and 27.6 mEq/L), or partial pressure of CO2 (46.7 and 46.5 mmHg). Elevated coccygeal venous plasma branched-chain AA (431 and 558 microM) and ratio of essential AA to total AA (0.390 and 0.434) in cows with DCAD of 22 vs. 47 mEq/100 g of DM indicated that N metabolism in the rumen was affected, probably resulting in more microbial protein flowing to the small intestine. Urinary pH tended to increase with DCAD (8.12 vs. 8.20). Higher net acid excretion in cows with DCAD of 22 vs. 47 mEq/100 g of DM (-24 and -41 mM:mM) suggested that net acid excretion was much more indicative of acid load than blood acid-base parameters in cows postpartum. Intake of DM and performance of cows postpartum were not improved when DCAD increased from 22 to 47 mEq/100 g of DM, likely because cows immediately after calving respond more variably to dietary treatments and that makes treatment effects difficult to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
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Chan PS, West JW, Bernard JK. Effect of Prepartum Dietary Calcium on Intake and Serum and Urinary Mineral Concentrations of Cows. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89:704-13. [PMID: 16428639 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nine multiparous and 12 primiparous cows were fed diets containing an anionic salt supplement and moderate Ca (0.99%) or high Ca (1.50%) concentrations for 21 d prepartum to determine the effects of dietary Ca concentration on serum and urine electrolytes and on postpartum intake and milk yield. Blood samples were collected during 21 to 1 d prepartum, 0 to 2 d postpartum, and 3 to 21 d postpartum. Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) for prepartum diets was approximately -6 mEq/100 g of dry matter (Na + K - Cl - S). Immediately postpartum, cows were fed diets with positive DCAD with greater than 1.00% Ca concentration. Mean serum Ca concentrations 21 to 1 d prepartum, 0 to 2 d postpartum, and 3 to 21 d postpartum were 9.62, 8.41, and 9.38 mg/dL. There were no treatment effects on serum Ca concentration. Mean serum Ca concentration was higher for primiparous than multiparous cows (9.34 vs. 8.93 mg/dL) for the trial and at calving (8.77 vs. 8.13 mg/dL). Mean serum HCO(3)(-) and urinary pH, respectively, were 20.32 mEq/L and 5.67 prepartum, 25.82 mEq/L and 7.62 at calving, and 26.08 mEq/L and 8.25 postpartum. No differences due to treatment were observed for serum and urinary concentrations of HCO(3)(-), pH, Mg, Na, K, and Cl. Milk yield was similar for 0.99 and 1.50% Ca treatments (22.8 and 20.7 kg/d). Diets containing 0.99 or 1.5% Ca maintained serum Ca at adequate levels around parturition and resulted in similar dry matter intake and postpartum milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Chan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793-0748, USA
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