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Bueso-Ródenas J, Romero G, Roca A, Moya F, Alejandro M, Díaz JR. Optimal Parameters to Milk Murciano-Granadina Goats in Mid and Low-Line Milking Parlours. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071155. [PMID: 37048409 PMCID: PMC10093187 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent short-term studies on Murciano-Granadina goats have established that the optimal parameters to set up the milking machines are different according to the milk pipes height. Two groups of 52 fresh goats each were employed in 2 different experiments to confirm during an entire lactation period the best combinations of system vacuum pulsation rate and pulsator ratio in low-line and mid-line milking parlours. The experiment performed in the low-line milking parlour included one group milked with 40 KPa vacuum system level, 90 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation and a second group milked with 38 KPa vacuum system level, 90 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation ratio. The experiment carried out in mid-line included one group milked with 40 KPa vacuum system level, 90 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation ratio and a second group milked with 40 KPa vacuum system level, 120 puls/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsation ratio. Variables studied included milking efficiency, milk composition, cortisol, SCC and intramammary infections, teat-end oedema after milking and vacuum dynamics during milking. Considering the results of an entire lactation period, it was confirmed that when milking in mid-line, the combination of 40 KPa system vacuum, 90 cycles/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsator ratio showed optimal results of the above-mentioned variables. On the other hand, the use of 40 KPa in a low-line system increased the milk cortisol values (0.34 ± 0.1 vs. 0.44 ± 0.1 ng/mL) without any other advantage. Thus, the recommendation is to use a combination of 38 KPa system vacuum, 90 cycles/min pulsation rate and 60/40 pulsator ratio to enhance animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Bueso-Ródenas
- Departamento Producción Animal y Salud Pública, Universidad Católica de Valencia (UCV), C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gema Romero
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (G.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Amparo Roca
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (G.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Francisco Moya
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (G.R.); (A.R.)
| | | | - José Ramón Díaz
- Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (G.R.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96674-9728
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Jiang A, Ankersmit-Udy A, Turner SA, Scholtens M, Littlejohn MD, Lopez-Villalobos N, Proser CG, Snell RG, Lehnert K. A Capra hircus chromosome 19 locus linked to milk production influences mammary conformation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:4. [PMID: 35144696 PMCID: PMC8832686 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Economically important milk production traits including milk volume, milk fat and protein yield vary considerably across dairy goats in New Zealand. A significant portion of the variation is attributable to genetic variation. Discovery of genetic markers linked to milk production traits can be utilised to drive selection of high-performance animals. A previously reported genome wide association study across dairy goats in New Zealand identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 19. The most significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker for this locus is located at position 26,610,610 (SNP marker rs268292132). This locus is associated with multiple milk production traits including fat, protein and volume. The predicted effect of selection for the beneficial haplotype would result in an average production increase of 2.2 kg fat, 1.9 kg protein and 73.6 kg milk yield. An outstanding question was whether selection for the beneficial allele would co-select for any negative pleiotropic effects. An adverse relationship between milk production and udder health traits has been reported at this locus. Therefore, a genome wide association study was undertaken looking for loci associated with udder traits. Results The QTL and production associated marker rs268292132 was identified in this study to also be associated with several goat udder traits including udder depth (UD), fore udder attachment (FUA) and rear udder attachment (RUA). Our study replicates the negative relationship between production and udder traits with the high production allele at position 19:26,610,610 (SNP marker rs268292132) associated with an adverse change in UD, FUA and RUA. Conclusions Our study has confirmed the negative relationship between udder traits and production traits in the NZ goat population. We have found that the frequency of the high production allele is relatively high in the NZ goat population, indicating that its effect on udder conformation is not significantly detrimental on animal health. It will however be important to monitor udder conformation as the chromosome 19 locus is progressively implemented for marker assisted selection. It will also be of interest to determine if the gene underlying the production QTL has a direct effect on mammary gland morphology or whether the changes observed are a consequence of the increased milk volume. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00667-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jiang
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex Ankersmit-Udy
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Mathew D Littlejohn
- AL Rae Centre of Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos
- Dairy Cattle Breeding and Genetics, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Russell G Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Effects of automatic prestimulation in the milking of Manchega sheep. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Automatic Prestimulation on Dairy Goats: Milking Efficiency and Teat-End Status. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010121. [PMID: 33429914 PMCID: PMC7827487 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the literature reviewed, there were no studies about how automatic mechanical stimulation affects milking efficiency and teat-end status in dairy goats. Three experiments were performed at the onset, middle, and end of lactation on Murciano-Granadina goats. In each experiment, milking with and without previous mechanical stimulation was tested. Milk fractioning, milking time, milk flows, and teat-end status assessed by ultrasonography and vacuum levels in the short milk tubes and short pulsation tubes were registered. Results showed that, conversely to dairy cows, investing in equipment for performing mechanical prestimulation in dairy goats is not needed, as it did not offer any advantage regarding the above mentioned variables. Abstract Experiments carried out in dairy cows show that mechanical stimulation prior to milking offers a good release of oxytocin without involving changes in milk yield or a reduction of the milking time. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of automatic prestimulation on milk fractioning, milking duration and milk flows, teat-end status, and vacuum levels at the short milk tubes and in the pulsation tubes of dairy goats. With this aim, three experiments in Latin square design were developed employing goats in different moments of the lactation: one of them at the onset of lactation, one at mid-lactation, and the last at the end of lactation. Two treatments were tested: milking with a mechanical prestimulation of 300 ppm for a 20-s period and milking without prestimulation. Results showed that prestimulation at the end of lactation showed slightly lower average milk flow (kg/min) values (0.53 ± 0.02 vs. 0.60 ± 0.02; p = 0.03) and lower maximum vacuum level values (Kpa) in the pulsation tubes (27.08 ± 0.15 vs. 39.48 ± 0.25; p < 0.01). No other differences were found in the variables related to milking efficiency or teat-end status in the three experiments carried out.
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Luigi-Sierra MG, Landi V, Guan D, Delgado JV, Castelló A, Cabrera B, Mármol-Sánchez E, Alvarez JF, Gómez-Carpio M, Martínez A, Such X, Jordana J, Amills M. A genome-wide association analysis for body, udder, and leg conformation traits recorded in Murciano-Granadina goats. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11605-11617. [PMID: 33069406 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Morphological traits are of great importance to dairy goat production given their effect on phenotypes of economic interest. However, their underlying genomic architecture has not yet been extensively characterized. Herein, we aimed to identify genomic regions associated with body, udder, and leg conformation traits recorded in 825 Murciano-Granadina goats. We genotyped this resource population using the GoatSNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) and performed genome-wide association analyses using the GEMMA software. We found 2 genome-wide significant associations between markers rs268273468 [Capra hircus (CHI) 16:69617700] and rs268249346 (CHI 28:18321523) and medial suspensory ligament. In contrast, we did not detect any genome-wide significant associations for body and leg traits. Moreover, we found 12, 19, and 7 chromosome-wide significant associations for udder, body, and leg traits, respectively. Comparison of our data with previous studies revealed a low level of positional concordance between regions associated with morphological traits. In addition to technical factors, this lack of concordance could be due to a substantial level of genetic heterogeneity among breeds or to the strong polygenic background of morphological traits, which makes it difficult to detect genetic factors that have small phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gracia Luigi-Sierra
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Landi
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14071, Spain; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," SP. 62 per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Dailu Guan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | | | - Anna Castelló
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Betlem Cabrera
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Emilio Mármol-Sánchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández Alvarez
- Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caprino de Raza Murciano-Granadina (CAPRIGRAN), 18340 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Amparo Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - Xavier Such
- Group of Research in Ruminants (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Jordana
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
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Arcos-Álvarez D, Canul-Solís J, García-Herrera R, Sarmiento-Franco L, Piñeiro-Vazquez Á, Casanova-Lugo F, Tedeschi LO, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Chay-Canul A. Udder Measurements and Their Relationship with Milk Yield in Pelibuey Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E518. [PMID: 32244883 PMCID: PMC7143058 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between udder measurements and milk yield (MY) in dairy Pelibuey ewes. Udder measurements were taken twice a week for eight weeks before (initial) and after (final) milking, including udder depth (UD), udder circumference (UC), udder width (UW), teat length (TL) and teat diameter (TD) in 38 multiparous ewes. Additionally, udder volume (UV) and the difference (VDF) between initial UV (UVi) and final (UVf) was calculated as VDF = UVi - UVf. The MY varied from 0.10 kg/d to 1.04 kg/d, with a mean of 0.39 kg/d, ± 0.18 kg/d. Initial UC (UCi) ranged from 25.80 cm to 53.30 cm, and VDF varied from 1 cm3 to 2418 cm3. The TL and TD were not correlated with MY (p > 0.05), while UCi, UVi and VDF were positively correlated with MY (p < 0.0001; r = from 0.66 to 0.74). For the prediction of MY, the obtained equations had an r2 ranging from 0.54 to 0.63. The UCi, UDf, UWi and UWf were included in these models (p < 0.05). It is concluded that there was an acceptable correlation (r = 0.60) between the measurements of the udder, the volume of the udder and the daily milk yield in Pelibuey sheep. When direct measurements of milk production cannot be performed in practice, the measurement of udders and their volume could be a viable alternative to estimate milk yield production as an indirect method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Arcos-Álvarez
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 86280 Villahermosa, Mexico; (D.A.-Á.); (R.G.-H.)
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, 97345 Conkal, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Canul-Solís
- Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I. T. Tizimin, 97700 Tizimín, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo García-Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 86280 Villahermosa, Mexico; (D.A.-Á.); (R.G.-H.)
| | - Luis Sarmiento-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97100 Mérida, Mexico;
| | - Ángel Piñeiro-Vazquez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, 97345 Conkal, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Casanova-Lugo
- Instituto Tecnológico de la Zona Maya, Tecnológico Nacional de México, 77960 Othón P. Blanco, Mexico;
| | - Luis O. Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA;
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, 50000 Toluca, Mexico;
| | - Alfonso Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 86280 Villahermosa, Mexico; (D.A.-Á.); (R.G.-H.)
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, 97345 Conkal, Mexico;
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Abstract
Small ruminants not only differ on mammary gland anatomy, milk's properties and the amount of milk yielded comparable to those of dairy cattle, but also on the milking routine strategies and machine milking settings to maximize daily milk secretion. The udder compartment is proportionally larger in dairy sheep and goats, which requires modifications in the milking machine settings, milking procedures and allows the use of different milking strategies as they better tolerate extension of milking intervals. Depending on the breed, cisternal milk in goats varies from 70% to 90%, whereas in dairy sheep it varies from 50% to 78% of the total gland capacity. This explains why these species are commonly milked without pre-milking teat preparation, while in goats it is applied only in cases of high prevalence of intramammary infection in the herd. Recent French researchers observed that 40% of the goats presented an unbalanced udder as well as unbalanced morphology (21% to 30%) and functional milk flow (around 10% to 20% more) which could induce overmilking. In dairy sheep, selection for higher milk production increases teat angle insertion. Thus, to increase machine milk fraction, it is recommended to use either the 'Sagi hook' as an alternative for lifting up the 'pendulous' udder during milking or to perform machine stripping. There are three cluster removal strategies for small ruminants: manual, timed and milk flow driven automatic cluster removal (ACR). Automatic cluster removal reduces overmilking, improves teat condition, enables labour saving and provides a consistent milking routine in small ruminants. There are three to five main milk flow profiles in ewes and goats, which result in curves with one or two peaks (or plateau) and different patterns of the milk flow decreasing phase due to the degree of mammary gland imbalance and teat characteristics. When taking into account our current knowledge, ACR recommended take-off settings for goats are: 200 g/min+10 s delay time (DT) for a long decreasing phase or two plateau curves and 500 g/min+5 s DT for a short decreasing phase and one plateau curve. The ACR take-off settings for ewes are: 150 g/min +10 s DT for long decreasing phase and 200 g /min+5 s DT for a short decreasing phase. This review is intended to be useful for scientists and producers seeking basic knowledge of milking routines and cluster detachment settings for parlour performance and milk quality.
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Castro N, Gómez-González LA, Earley B, Argüello A. Use of clinic refractometer at farm as a tool to estimate the IgG content in goat colostrum. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1546585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Castro
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lenny Andrea Gómez-González
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Ireland
| | - Anastasio Argüello
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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Wang J, Shi H, Zhang T, Huang J, Li Z, Ma G, Zhang X. The lactoferrin content variation and its related factors in milk of Xinong Saanen goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1453818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongzhen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yanglin, People’s Republic of China
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Mingoas KJP, Awah-Ndukum J, Dakyang H, Zoli PA. Effects of body conformation and udder morphology on milk yield of zebu cows in North region of Cameroon. Vet World 2017; 10:901-905. [PMID: 28919680 PMCID: PMC5591476 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.901-905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of udder morphological characteristics on milk yield in zebu cows of Cameroon. Materials and Methods: The diameter and height of the udder, length and diameter of the teat, and the milk yield were measured in 29 Djafun (Red Mbororo) and 19 Aku (White Fulani) cows in Louggueré zootechnical station in the North region of Cameroon. Results: Overall, strong positive correlation (rp=0.60) between the diameter (240.21±28.58 mm) and height (131.12±23.64 mm) of udders (p<0.001) and between length (39.51±6.44 mm) and diameter (19.85±3.08 mm) of teats (rp=0.78) were found in the zebu cows. Udder morphologic characteristics varied significantly (p<0.005) according to breed, lactation stage and parity, and height at whiters. There was significant (p<0.001) correlations between udder diameter (rp=0.541) and height (rp=0.549) with milk yield. Conclusion: This study ascertained udder morphological characteristics values in local zebu cows, and showed that udder size is strong and positively correlated to milk yield. The findings are useful in genetic improvement programs of zebu cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilekoung Jean-Pierre Mingoas
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Julius Awah-Ndukum
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Houinga Dakyang
- Department of Biotechnology of Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Pagnah André Zoli
- Department of Biotechnology of Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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Blasco E, Gomez EA, Vicente C, Vidal G, Peris C. Factors affecting milking speed in Murciano-Granadina breed goats. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:10102-10108. [PMID: 27665139 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk flow during the first minute of milking was analyzed using data from 1,132 Murciano-Granadina breed goats belonging to 17 herds. During the individual lactations, 2 test days were scheduled for recording several milk flow traits, total milk, milk composition (fat and protein percentages), and somatic cell count. Average lag time from teatcup attachment to arrival of milk at the milk claw (T0) was 4.9 s and at the milk meter (T1) was 15.8 s. Average milk flow after 30 s (MF0.5) was 0.29kg/30 s (0 to 1.1kg/30 s) and milk flow at 60 s or milking speed (MF1) was 0.67kg/min (0.1 to 2.1kg/min). Repeatabilities of T0, T1, MF0.5, and MF1 were 0.45, 0.58, 0.62, and 0.68, respectively. The MF1 showed high phenotypic correlation withT1(-0.63) and MF0.5 (0.90), medium values withT0(-0.42) and total milk (0.22), and very low values (-0.04 to -0.12) with fat, protein, and somatic cell count. We found no differences between flows during the first 3 lactations, with a reduction as the lactation number increased. Months in milk since parturition affected MF1, being highest in the first 3mo (0.67-0.71kg/min) and decreasing until the end of lactation (0.58kg/min). The effect of herd-test day was significant for all traits. Inclusion of all these effects for the analysis of milk flow traits is considered necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blasco
- Centro de Tecnología Animal - IVIA, Apartado 187, 12400 Segorbe, Castellón, Spain
| | - E A Gomez
- Centro de Tecnología Animal - IVIA, Apartado 187, 12400 Segorbe, Castellón, Spain
| | - C Vicente
- Asociación de Ganaderos de Caprino de Raza Murciano-Granadina de la Comunidad Valenciana (AMURVAL), Calle Santísima Trinidad 1, 46460 Silla, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Vidal
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - C Peris
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Animal - UPV, Camí de Vera s/n, 46020 València, Spain.
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Interrelationships among the length of milk stasis, tight junction permeability to lactose and monovalent cations, rate of milk secretion and composition in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cugno G, Parreira JR, Ferlizza E, Hernández-Castellano LE, Carneiro M, Renaut J, Castro N, Arguello A, Capote J, Campos AMO, Almeida AM. The Goat (Capra hircus) Mammary Gland Mitochondrial Proteome: A Study on the Effect of Weight Loss Using Blue-Native PAGE and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151599. [PMID: 27031334 PMCID: PMC4816393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal weight loss (SWL) is the most important limitation to animal production in the Tropical and Mediterranean regions, conditioning producer’s incomes and the nutritional status of rural communities. It is of importance to produce strategies to oppose adverse effects of SWL. Breeds that have evolved in harsh climates have acquired tolerance to SWL through selection. Most of the factors determining such ability are related to changes in biochemical pathways as affected by SWL. In this study, a gel based proteomics strategy (BN: Blue-Native Page and 2DE: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) was used to characterize the mitochondrial proteome of the secretory tissue of the goat mammary gland. In addition, we have conducted an investigation of the effects of weight loss in two goat breeds with different levels of adaptation to nutritional stress: Majorera (tolerant) and Palmera (susceptible). The study used Majorera and Palmera dairy goats, divided in 4 sets, 2 for each breed: underfed group fed on wheat straw (restricted diet, so their body weight would be 15–20% reduced by the end of experiment), and a control group fed with an energy-balanced diet. At the end of the experimental period (22 days), mammary gland biopsies were obtained for all experimental groups. The proteomic analysis of the mitochondria enabled the resolution of a total of 277 proteins, and 148 (53%) were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins were identified as subunits of the glutamate dehydrogenase complex and the respiratory complexes I, II, IV, V from mitochondria, as well as numerous other proteins with functions in: metabolism, development, localization, cellular organization and biogenesis, biological regulation, response to stimulus, among others, that were mapped in both BN and 2DE gels. The comparative proteomics analysis enabled the identification of several proteins: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit and lamin B1 mitochondrial (up-regulated in the Palmera breed), Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 (up-regulated in the Majorera breed) and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial and Chain D, Bovine F1-C8 Sub-Complex Of Atp Synthase (down-regulated in the Majorera breed) as a consequence of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Cugno
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José R. Parreira
- IBET – Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB/UNL – Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Carneiro
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jenny Renaut
- LIST – Luxemburg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxemburg
| | - Noemí Castro
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Anastasio Arguello
- Animal Science Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Capote
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valle Guerra, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexandre M. O. Campos
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André M. Almeida
- IBET – Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB/UNL – Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- CIISA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Santos DS, Lima MGB, Noznica CF, Lima DM, Batista CF, Gomes RC, Bertagnon HG, Santos BP, Libera AMMPD. Conformação de úbere de caprinos da raça Saanen: parâmetros estéticos ou funcionais? ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMODiversos fatores predisponentes são descritos para as afecções mamárias ou distúrbios secundários que comprometem a qualidade e produtividade de leite de fêmeas nas diferentes espécies. As características fenotípicas do úbere são consideradas na avaliação econômica de uma fêmea caprina, tanto pelo potencial de produção como pelo registro genealógico dessa fêmea. A limitação de estudos correlacionando essas características com a saúde do úbere gera a dúvida a respeito do significado da conformação do mesmo à saúde e produtividade da glândula mamária. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar os parâmetros da conformação do úbere com a celularidade da glândula mamária aferida pelo teste California Mastitis Test (CMT) e contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em 80 cabras da raça Saanen sem alterações no exame clínico da glândula mamária nem no teste de Tamis. Observou-se que a maioria dos parâmetros fenotípicos de úbere não influenciou a CCS, sendo considerados puramente estéticos. A circunferência e profundidade de úbere demonstraram correlação negativa com a celularidade e, por serem características de herdabilidade moderada a alta, podem ser parâmetros considerados para seleção genética de caprinos.
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Establishment of the biochemical and endocrine blood profiles in the Majorera and Palmera dairy goat breeds: the effect of feed restriction. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:416-25. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Feed restriction, and seasonal weight loss (SWL), are major setbacks for animal production in the tropics and the Mediterranean. They may be solved through the use of autochthonous breeds particularly well adapted to SWL. It is therefore of major importance to determine markers of tolerance to feed restriction of putative use in animal selection. Two indigenous breeds from the Canary Islands, Palmera and Majorera, are commonly used by dairy goat farmers and, interestingly, have different phenotype characteristics albeit with a common ancestry. Indeed, Majorera is well adapted to feed restriction whereas the Palmera is susceptible to feed restriction. In addition, regardless of their importance in dairy production, there are only a limited number of reports relating to these breeds and, to the best of our knowledge, there is no description of their blood metabolite standard values under control conditions or as affected by feed restriction. In this study we analysed the blood metabolite profiles in Majorera and Palmera goats aiming to establish the differential responses to feed restriction between the two breeds and to characterise their metabolite standard values under control conditions. We observed significant differences in creatinine, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), cholesterol, IGF-1 and T3 due to underfeeding. Furthermore, a PCA analysis, revealed that animals submitted to undernutrition could be distinguished from the control groups, with the formation of three separate clusters (Palmera individuals after 22 d of subnutrition (PE22); Majorera individuals after 22 d of subnutrition (ME22) and animals assigned to control conditions (MC0, MC22, PC0 and PC22)), highlighting different responses of the two breeds to undernutrition.
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Atasever S, Sen U, Onder H. A study on the determination of body condition score and somatic cell count in Turkish Saanen goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.980418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production--a review. J DAIRY RES 2014; 81:304-18. [PMID: 24901899 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029914000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The importance of small ruminants to the dairy industry has increased in recent years, especially in developing countries, where it has a high economic and social impact. Interestingly and despite the fact that the mammary gland is the specialised milk production organ, very few authors studied the modifications occurring in the mammary gland through the lactation period in production animals, particularly in the small ruminants, sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus). Nevertheless, understanding the different mammary gland patterns throughout lactation is essential to improve dairy production. In addition, associating these patterns with different milking frequencies, lactation number or different diets is also of high importance, directly affecting the dairy industry. The mammary gland is commonly composed of parenchyma and stroma, which includes the ductal system, with individual proportions of each changing during the different periods and yields in a lactation cycle. Indeed, during late gestation, as well as during early to mid-lactation, mammary gland expansion occurs, with an increase in the number of epithelial cells and lumen area, which leads to increment of the parenchyma tissue, as well as a reduction of stroma, corresponding macroscopically to the increase in mammary gland volume. Throughout late lactation, the mammary gland volume decreases owing to the regression of the secretory structure. In general, common mammary gland patterns have been shown for both goats and sheep throughout the several lactation stages, although the number of studies is limited. The main objective of this manuscript is to review the colostrogenesis and lactogenesis processes as well as to highlight the mammary gland morphological patterns underlying milk production during the lactation cycle for small ruminants, and to describe potential differences between goats and sheep, hence contributing to a better description of mammary gland development during lactation for these two poorly studied species.
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Cornale P, Renna M, Lussiana C, Bigi D, Chessa S, Mimosi A. The Grey Goat of Lanzo Valleys (Fiurinà): Breed characteristics, genetic diversity, and quantitative-qualitative milk traits. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Suárez-Trujillo A, Capote J, Argüello A, Castro N, Morales-DelaNuez A, Torres A, Morales J, Rivero MA. Effects of breed and milking frequency on udder histological structures in dairy goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2012.739096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Torres A, Castro N, Hernández-Castellano L, Argüello A, Capote J. Short communication: Effects of milking frequency on udder morphology, milk partitioning, and milk quality in 3 dairy goat breeds. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1071-4. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Samoré A, Román-Ponce S, Vacirca F, Frigo E, Canavesi F, Bagnato A, Maltecca C. Bimodality and the genetics of milk flow traits in the Italian Holstein-Friesian breed. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4081-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Capote J, Castro N, Caja G, Fernández G, Briggs H, Argüello A. Effects of the frequency of milking and lactation stage on milk fractions and milk composition in Tinerfeña dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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