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Fadel C, Łebkowska-Wieruszewskac B, Serih F, Lisowski A, Poapolathep A, Giorgi M. Comparative pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous pantoprazole in sheep and goats. Vet J 2024; 305:106138. [PMID: 38761957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Abomasal ulcers are a significant concern in intensive animal farming due to their impact on animal health and productivity. While proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as pantoprazole (PTZ) show promise in treating these ulcers, data on PTZ's pharmacokinetics (PK) in adult goats and sheep are limited. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating and comparing PTZ's PK in these species following single intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations. Five healthy male goats and sheep were included in the study. PTZ concentrations in plasma samples were determined using a validated analytical method. Non-compartmental analysis was conducted, and statistical comparisons were made between IV and SC administrations and between species. Sheep and goats showed similar systemic exposure levels regardless of the administration route. However, sheep had a shorter t1/2 due to a higher Vd compared to goats. Cl values were comparable in both species, with low extraction ratio values. There were no significant differences in Cmax and Tmax between the two species with regards to SC administration, and complete bioavailability was observed. The MAT exceeded the t1/2 in both species, indicating a potential flip-flop phenomenon. Considering the AUC as a predictor for drug efficacy, and observing no significant differences in systemic exposure between sheep and goats for any route of administration, dosage adjustment between the two species may not be necessary. In field settings, SC administration proves more practical, providing not only complete bioavailability but also a longer half-life compared to IV. Further studies are warranted to explore the PK/PD of PTZ in small ruminants with abomasal ulcers, to fully comprehend its therapeutic efficacy in such scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Fadel
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Pisa, PI 56124, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Faculty of Agronomy Bldg., University Street, Dekwaneh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewskac
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka Street, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - Firas Serih
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, Sassari, SS 07100, Italy
| | - Andrew Lisowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka Street, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Pisa, PI 56124, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, Sassari, SS 07100, Italy.
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Residue Depletion of Imidocarb in Bovine Tissues by UPLC-MS/MS. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010104. [PMID: 36611713 PMCID: PMC9818006 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the residue depletion of imidocarb (IMD) in bovine tissues, and the drug withdrawal time of IMD was determined. Twenty-five clinically healthy cattle (body weight 300 kg ± 15 kg) were randomly divided into five groups of five cattle each. The cattle were treated subcutaneously injecting a single dose of a generic IMD formulation, at the recommended dosage of 3.0 mg/kg. The five groups of cattle were slaughtered respectively at 96, 160, 198, 213, and 228 days after IMD administration. Samples from the liver, kidney, muscle, fat, and injection site were collected from each animal. After subtilis proteinase was used to digest the tissue, the content of IMD in the samples was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS method. In conclusion, the method validation results showed that the method meets the criteria, and the longest withdrawal time of 224 days for the liver can be selected as the conclusive withdrawal time to guarantee consumer safety.
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3
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Wang H, Chen C, Liu M, Chen X, Liu C, Feng Y, Yan X, Liu Y, Li X. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two imidocarb formulations in cattle after subcutaneous injection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270130. [PMID: 35749453 PMCID: PMC9231748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidocarb (IMD) is commonly used for treatment of eperythrozoon, babesia, piroplasma and trypanosoma in animals, but there are few studies on its pharmacokinetics in cattle. The purpose of this study was to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters and assess the bioequivalence of subcutaneous injections of two IMD formulations in cattle. Forty-eight healthy cattle, 24 males and 24 females, were randomLy divided into two groups (test group and reference group) with 12 males and 12 females per group. The generic IMD was injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 3.0 mg/kg in the test group. Reference group animals were given one injection of the marketed IMD at the same dosage. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for IMD in cattle plasma were 0.05 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 88.50% to 92.42%, and the equation of this calibration curve was Y = 13672.1X+187.43. The pharmacokinetics parameters of the test group showed that the maximum concentration of 2257.5±273.62 ng/mL was obtained at 2.14±0.67 h, AUC0-t 14553.95±1946.85 ng·h/mL, AUC∞ 15077.88±1952.19 ng·h/mL, T1/2 31.77±25.75 h, CL/F 0.14±0.02 mL/h/g, and Vz/F 6.53±5.34 mL/g. There was no significant difference in AUC0-t, AUC∞ and Cmax between the test group and the reference group (P>0.05). The 90% confidence interval of AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax in the test group was included in 80%-125% AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and 70%-143% Cmax in the reference group, respectively. Based on these results, the two preparations were found to be bioequivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Wang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Maolin Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuang Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Qilu Animal Health Products Corp. LTD, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Xinbo Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products on Feed-origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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4
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Chen L, Hu X, Sun Y, Xing Y, Zhang G. Immunochromatographic assay based on high-affine monoclonal antibody for the detection of imidocarb in milk. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3413-3421. [PMID: 34268739 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Imidocarb (IM) is an antiprotozoal agent, which is mainly used to treat babesiosis and piroplasmosis for animals. However, overdose or improbable utilization cause IM residues in animal origin products, which would be harmful to human health. Here, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against IM with extremely sensitive and specific features has been successfully prepared from a novel immunogen synthesized by virtue of the active ester method. The concentration of half-maximal inhibition (IC50 ) of the mAb was 0.074 ng/ml and the affinity constant was 4.58 × 1010 L/mol. On the basis of this condition, an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) is proposed that could be applied in milk samples to test IM rapidly. For the ICS, the visual detection limit (cut-off value) was 5 ng/ml, IC50 was 0.4 ng/ml, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.078 ng/ml, the linear detection scope was 0.117 to 1.37 ng/ml. The recovery rates ranged from 88.83% to 91.47% and coefficients of variation (CV) were in the spectrum of 7.31% to 9.43%. In general, the recommended test strip provided an exceedingly simple and reliable detection method for quickly testing the IM. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In our joint efforts, an extremely sensitive monoclonal antibody against imidocarb was obtained and a test strip for the rapid detection of imidocarb in milk was developed. The developed method could be applied to the field and provided great potential for analytical of imidocarb in other matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunrui Xing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Sedik GA, Naguib DM, Morsy F, Zaazaa HE. Validated Stability Indicating Chromatographic Methods for Quantification of Imidocarb Dipropionate; Application for the Determination of Its Residues in Bovine Meat and Milk Samples. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:980-988. [PMID: 33241347 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidocarb dipropionate (IMD) is an immunomodulator agent commonly used for treatment of anaplasmosis in cattle. OBJECTIVE Thus, two sensitive, specific, and precise stability-indicating chromatographic methods have been developed, optimized, and validated for its determination in presence of its acid, alkaline, and oxidative stressed degradation products. METHOD The first method is based on separation of IMD and its forced induced degradation products on reversed phase cyano column using isocratic elution system consisted of sodium acetate buffer-methanol-acetonitrile (55: 30:15, v/v/v), pH 4.6 at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, and UV detection at 254 nm. The second method utilized TLC combined with densitometric determination of the separated bands at 254 nm. The separation was achieved using silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates with a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia-water (8.5:1:0.5:0.2, v/v/v/v) as a developing system. RESULTS HPLC analysis was applied in range of 0.25-40 µg/mL with LOD of 0.073 µg/mL. While densitometric measurements showed linearity in the range of 0.1-1.8 µg/band with LOD of 0.02 µg/band. CONCLUSIONS The suggested methods were validated in compliance with the ICH guidelines and were successfully applied for determination of IMD in its commercial veterinary formulations with good recoveries. Furthermore, the proposed HPLC method was extended to the determination of IMD residues in bovine meat and milk samples. HIGHLIGHTS Bovine meat, HPLC, Imidocarb dipropionate, Milk, TLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doha Mohamed Naguib
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fahima Morsy
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala Elsayed Zaazaa
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Metabolic Pathways Affected by Babesia Infection and Blood Feeding in the Sialoproteome of the Vector Rhipicephalus bursa. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010091. [PMID: 32092882 PMCID: PMC7157752 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on animals and human health is driving research to discover novel targets affecting both vectors and pathogens. The salivary glands are involved in feeding and pathogen transmission, thus are considered as a compelling target to focus research. In this study, proteomics approach was used to characterize Rhipicephalusbursa sialoproteome in response to Babesiaovis infection and blood feeding. Two potential tick protective antigens were identified and its influence in tick biological parameters and pathogen infection was evaluated. Results demonstrate that the R. bursa sialoproteome is highly affected by feeding but infection is well tolerated by tick cells. The combination of both stimuli shifts the previous scenario and a more evident pathogen manipulation can be suggested. Knockdown of ub2n led to a significative increase of infection in tick salivary glands but a brusque decrease in the progeny, revealing its importance in the cellular response to pathogen infection, which is worth pursuing in future studies. Additionally, an impact in the recovery rate of adults (62%), the egg production efficiency (45.75%), and the hatching rate (88.57 %) was detected. Building knowledge on vector and/or pathogen interplay bridges the identification of protective antigens and the development of novel control strategies.
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7
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Rosa C, Asada M, Hakimi H, Domingos A, Pimentel M, Antunes S. Transient transfection of Babesia ovis using heterologous promoters. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:101279. [PMID: 31481343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Babesia species, etiological agents of babesiosis, a recognized emerging tick-borne disease, are a significant animal and human health concern with a worldwide socio-economic impact. The development of genetic manipulation techniques, such as transfection technology, is pivotal to improve knowledge regarding the biology of these poorly studied parasites towards better disease control strategies. For Babesia ovis, responsible for ovine babesiosis, a tick-borne disease of small ruminants, these tools are not yet available. The present study was based on the existence of interchangeable cross-species functional promoters between Babesia species. Herein, we describe for the first time B. ovis transient transfection using two heterologous promoters, the ef-1α-B intergenic regions from B. bovis and B. ovata. Their ability to drive expression of a reporter luciferase in B. ovis supports their cross-species functionality. Also, the ef-1α-B promoter region from B. ovata resulted in statistically significantly higher luminescence values in comparison to the control, thus a possibly suitable promoter for stable gene expression. Evaluation of transfection efficiency using qPCR demonstrated that higher luminescence levels were due to promoter strength rather than a higher transfection efficiency. These findings represent a step forward in the development of methods for B. ovis genetic manipulation, an undoubtedly necessary tool to study this parasite basic biology, including its life cycle, the parasite interactions with host cells and virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rosa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Masahito Asada
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hassan Hakimi
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Ana Domingos
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal; Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pimentel
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Antunes
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT-UNL), R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisboa, Portugal; Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (GHTM-IHMT-UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008, Portugal
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8
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Milnes EL, Delnatte P, Woodbury M, Hering A, Lee S, Smith DA, Nemeth NM, Gu Y, Gehring R, Johnson R. Pharmacokinetics of imidocarb dipropionate in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after single intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2019; 43:33-37. [PMID: 30933371 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of imidocarb, a carbanilide derivative, in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The pharmacokinetic properties of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of imidocarb were determined in 10 deer. A single IM injection of 3.0 mg/kg imidocarb dipropionate was administered, and blood samples were collected prior to, and up to 48 hr after imidocarb administration. Plasma imidocarb concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The disposition of plasma imidocarb was best characterized by a two-compartment open model. The mean ± SE maximal imidocarb concentration in deer was 880.78 ± 81.12 ng/ml at 38.63 ± 5.30 min postinjection. The distribution phase had a half-life (t1/2α ) of 25.90 ± 10.21 min, and plasma imidocarb concentration declined with a terminal elimination half-life (t1/2β ) of 464.06 ± 104.08 min (7.73 ± 1.73 hr). Apparent volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (VZ /F) was 9.20 ± 2.70 L/kg, and apparent total body clearance (Cl/F) was 15.97 ± 1.28 ml min-1 kg-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L Milnes
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Zoo, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Murray Woodbury
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Adam Hering
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sam Lee
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dale A Smith
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Gu
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Veterinary Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Risk Assessment Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Johnson
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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9
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To kill a piroplasm: genetic technologies to advance drug discovery and target identification in Babesia. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:153-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Antunes S, Couto J, Ferrolho J, Rodrigues F, Nobre J, Santos AS, Santos-Silva MM, de la Fuente J, Domingos A. Rhipicephalus bursa Sialotranscriptomic Response to Blood Feeding and Babesia ovis Infection: Identification of Candidate Protective Antigens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:116. [PMID: 29780749 PMCID: PMC5945973 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are among the most prevalent blood-feeding arthropods, and they act as vectors and reservoirs for numerous pathogens. Sialotranscriptomic characterizations of tick responses to blood feeding and pathogen infections can offer new insights into the molecular interplay occurring at the tick-host-pathogen interface. In the present study, we aimed to identify and characterize Rhipicephalus bursa salivary gland (SG) genes that were differentially expressed in response to blood feeding and Babesia ovis infection. Our experimental approach consisted of RNA sequencing of SG from three different tick samples, fed-infected, fed-uninfected, and unfed-uninfected, for characterization and inter-comparison. Overall, 7,272 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were constructed from unfed-uninfected, 13,819 ESTs from fed-uninfected, and 15,292 ESTs from fed-infected ticks. Two catalogs of transcripts that were differentially expressed in response to blood feeding and B. ovis infection were produced. Four genes coding for a putative vitellogenin-3, lachesin, a glycine rich protein, and a secreted cement protein were selected for RNA interference functional studies. A reduction of 92, 65, and 51% was observed in vitellogenin-3, secreted cement, and lachesin mRNA levels in SG, respectively. The vitellogenin-3 knockdown led to increased tick mortality, with 77% of ticks dying post-infestation. The reduction of the secreted cement protein-mRNA levels resulted in 46% of ticks being incapable of correctly attaching to the host and significantly lower female weights post-feeding in comparison to the control group. The lachesin knockdown resulted in a 70% reduction of the levels associated with B. ovis infection in R. bursa SG and 70% mortality. These results improved our understanding of the role of tick SG genes in Babesia infection/proliferation and tick feeding. Moreover, lachesin, vitellogenin-3, and secreted cement proteins were validated as candidate protective antigens for the development of novel tick and tick-borne disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Antunes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferrolho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio Rodrigues
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nobre
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Pólo de Santarém, Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ana S Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas Dr. Francisco Cambournac (CEVDI/INSA), Águas de Moura, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Santos-Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas Dr. Francisco Cambournac (CEVDI/INSA), Águas de Moura, Portugal
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ana Domingos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Zsila F, Juhász T, Kohut G, Beke-Somfai T. Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Binding of the Antiparasitic Drug Imidocarb: Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, and Computational Studies. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1781-1791. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly
Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly
Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kohut
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly
Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly
Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Characterization of a papain-like cysteine protease essential for the survival of Babesia ovis merozoites. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mosqueda J, Olvera-Ramirez A, Aguilar-Tipacamu G, Canto GJ. Current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:1504-18. [PMID: 22360483 PMCID: PMC3355466 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799828355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Babesiosis is a disease with a world-wide distribution affecting many species of mammals principally cattle and man. The major impact occurs in the cattle industry where bovine babesiosis has had a huge economic effect due to loss of meat and beef production of infected animals and death. Nowadays to those costs there must be added the high cost of tick control, disease detection, prevention and treatment. In almost a century and a quarter since the first report of the disease, the truth is: there is no a safe and efficient vaccine available, there are limited chemotherapeutic choices and few low-cost, reliable and fast detection methods. Detection and treatment of babesiosis are important tools to control babesiosis. Microscopy detection methods are still the cheapest and fastest methods used to identify Babesia parasites although their sensitivity and specificity are limited. Newer immunological methods are being developed and they offer faster, more sensitive and more specific options to conventional methods, although the direct immunological diagnoses of parasite antigens in host tissues are still missing. Detection methods based on nucleic acid identification and their amplification are the most sensitive and reliable techniques available today; importantly, most of those methodologies were developed before the genomics and bioinformatics era, which leaves ample room for optimization. For years, babesiosis treatment has been based on the use of very few drugs like imidocarb or diminazene aceturate. Recently, several pharmacological compounds were developed and evaluated, offering new options to control the disease. With the complete sequence of the Babesia bovis genome and the B. bigemina genome project in progress, the post-genomic era brings a new light on the development of diagnosis methods and new chemotherapy targets. In this review, we will present the current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis in cattle and other animals, with additional reference to several apicomplexan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mosqueda
- C.A. Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico.
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Inoue K, Nunome M, Hino T, Oka H. DETERMINATION OF IMIDOCARB IN BOVINE TISSUES AND MILK SAMPLES BY LC-MS/MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.585484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Inoue
- a Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mari Nunome
- b Graduate School of Human Ecology, Kinjo Gakuin University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hino
- a Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Oka
- a Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University , Nagoya, Japan
- b Graduate School of Human Ecology, Kinjo Gakuin University , Nagoya, Japan
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Ishii R, Takahashi K, Matsumoto R. Analysis of imidocarb in livestock and seafood products using LC-MS/MS. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2011; 52:34-9. [PMID: 21383532 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.52.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was investigated for the detection of the antiprotozoal drug imidocarb in 10 livestock and seafood products. Liquid chromatographic separation employed a TSK VMpak-25 column with ammonium acetate-acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in the ESI positive-ion mode. Imidocarb was extracted from all samples using liquid extraction with acetonitrile under basic conditions. For samples other than honey, fat-soluble impurities were removed by acetonitrile-hexane partitioning. The salting-out technique was used for extraction from honey in order to improve the separation of the organic solvent and water added to the honey sample. The limit of quantitation was 0.005 µg/g (expressed as concentration in samples). The recoveries from all samples were 76-109%, and the repeatability and reproducibility were also satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ishii
- Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan.
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Su D, Li XB, Wang ZJ, Wang L, Wu WX, Xu JQ. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of imidocarb dipropionate in swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:366-70. [PMID: 17610411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A two-way crossover study was performed in eight healthy young pigs to determine the pharmacokinetics of imidocarb dipropionate (IMDP) following intravenous (2 mg/kg b.w.) and intramuscular (2 mg/kg b.w.) administrations. Each animal received one intravenous and one intramuscular injection with a 30-day washout period between the two-treatments. Plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with UV detector at regular intervals for up to 24 h post-injection. Intravenous plasma concentration profiles best fit a three-compartmental model yielding a mean system clearance (Cl((s))) of 558 mL/kg.h and a mean half-life of 13.91 h. Mean imidocarb AUC((0-infinity)) (microg.h/mL), V(c) (L/kg), V(d(area))(L/kg) and MRT((0-t)) (h) values were 3.58, 0.11, 14.36 and 1.46, respectively. Compartmental modeling of imidocarb, after intramuscular administration produced best fit for two-compartmental model yielding mean Kalpha (h(-1)), Cmax (microg/mL), tmax (h), and bioavailability (%) of 3.89, 2.02, 0.54, and 86.57 for the 2 mg/kg dose level. The present studies showed that IMDP was rapidly absorbed, widely distributed, and slowly eliminated. No adverse effects were observed in any of the pigs after i.v. and i.m. administrations of IMDP. The favorable PK behavior, such as the long half-life, acceptable bioavailability indicated that it is likely to be effective in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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