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AlJoaid RM, Alshakhori HH, Haji A, Alfaraj D, Alabbad MF. Closed-Loop Bowel Obstruction Induced by Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter Coiling at the Sigmoid Colon: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e49045. [PMID: 38116348 PMCID: PMC10729777 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal obstruction is a rarely encountered complication in patients with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The most common causes of bowel obstruction in this subset of patients include volvulus, formation of a spontaneous knot, and adhesions. Herein, we report a 21-year-old bedridden male with a history of congenital hydrocephalus on VP shunt, spina bifida, neurogenic bladder, and paraplegia who presented with a seven-day history of abdominal discomfort, distention, constipation, vomiting, and intolerance to oral intake. Abdominal x-ray showed dilated bowel loops. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen demonstrated a closed-loop bowel obstruction at the level of the sigmoid colon caused by the coiling of the VP shunt catheter. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed the VP shunt tube coiling around a segment of the sigmoid colon with no signs of bands, ischemia, or perforation. Pulling and shortening of the tube was done. The procedure went uneventfully, and the patient was discharged home in stable condition. Maintaining a high index of suspicion for knotting the peritoneal catheter around the bowel is crucial when a patient on a VP shunt presents with a picture suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Early surgical intervention might be required to prevent further progression and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinad M AlJoaid
- Emergency Department, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Hawra H Alshakhori
- Emergency Department, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Arwaa Haji
- Emergency Department, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Dunya Alfaraj
- Emergency Department, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Murad F Alabbad
- Emergency Department, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, King Fahd University Hospital, Dammam, SAU
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Westmoreland T. Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Spontaneous Knot Formation of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt. Cureus 2022; 14:e31236. [PMID: 36505173 PMCID: PMC9730895 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are frequently placed for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Shunt complications are a common occurrence typically involving infection, disconnections, or blockages. Abdominal complications involving the intraperitoneal portion of the catheter are rare. Spontaneous peritoneal knot formation involving the bowel with subsequent obstruction is even rarer. Spontaneous knot formation of a VP shunt is also not commonly seen in the adult population. In this report, we present the case of an 18-year-old male with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus requiring VP shunt placement who developed a spontaneous knot leading to bowel obstruction requiring emergency laparoscopic surgery.
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Yang X, Yang C, Zhang Y. Case report: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt disconnection resulting in migration of the distal catheter entirely into the abdominal cavity due to seizure. Front Surg 2022; 9:1012720. [PMID: 36211301 PMCID: PMC9537736 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1012720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt disconnection, a VP shunt complication, can be caused by several factors. We report the case of a young man who suffered VP shunt disconnection, and whose entire distal catheter migrated into the abdominal cavity due to a seizure. To our knowledge, risk factors for seizures related to shunt disconnection have not been previously evaluated. We report this rare case to highlight the fact that seizures are not negligible in increasing the probability of disconnection and migration of the entire distal catheter into the abdominal cavity, and the standardized treatment of traumatic seizures is extremely important.
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Xue Y, Mranda GM, Wei T, Wang Y, Zhou XG, Liu ZP, Gao ZX, Ding YL. The shadow in the darkness: Case report on adhesive intestinal obstruction secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter in an elderly patient. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103661. [PMID: 35638005 PMCID: PMC9142647 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shunt placement is an effective therapy for hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt draining excess cerebrospinal fluid connects the cerebral ventricles to the abdominal cavity. However, intestinal obstruction may ensue as an infrequent complication of the shunt. Case presentation A 65 years old female patient presented with abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, and ceased passage of flatus and stool for six days. She had a history of undergoing a VP shunt procedure due to midbrain obstruction and supratentorial hydrocephalus. Conservative treatment at another local hospital couldn't relieve her symptoms. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated CRP and neutrophils. CT scan showed distended small bowel loops with aerated effusion. Thus, she was admitted to our hospital and underwent an emergent laparotomy following diagnostic modalities completion. Discussion Adhesive intestinal obstruction secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a rare but fatal shunt complication. The possible mechanisms involved include rubbing movements between the greater omentum and the catheter, cerebrospinal fluid reaction with abdominal organs, immunological rejection of the catheter, and deposition of brain tumor cells with the resultant abdominal metastatic lesions. Laparoscopic and laparotomy are warranted in the surgical management of the disease. Conclusion A high index of suspicion for adhesive intestinal obstruction is key to timely diagnosis and treatment. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the standard treatment for hydrocephalus. The common complications include bacterial infection and shunt malfunction. Adhesive intestinal obstruction is an infrequent VP catheter complication. Focused history, physical examination, and diagnostic modalities are of value. In emergencies, laparotomy is key in alleviating the disease's detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Geofrey Mahiki Mranda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xing-Guo Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Ping Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Xia Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yin-Lu Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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Morosanu C, Nicolae L. Gastrointestinal complications following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for pediatric hydrocephalus. J Pediatr Neurosci 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_190_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Case report of mesenteric strangulation secondary to longstanding ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2719-2722. [PMID: 33388923 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-05019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are the most common treatment for hydrocephalus in both pediatric and adult patients. Complications resulting from the abdominal portion of shunts include tube disconnection, obstruction of the shunt tip, catheter migration, infection, abdominal pseudocysts, and bowel perforation. However, other less common complications can occur. The authors present a unique case of a patient with a longstanding VP shunt presenting with an acute abdomen secondary to knotting of the peritoneal portion of the catheter tubing. CASE DESCRIPTION A 13-year-old male with past medical history significant for myelomeningocele, requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement at 18 months of age, presented to an outside hospital with chief complaint of abdominal pain. Cross-sectional imaging revealed spontaneous knot formation within the shunt tubing around the base of the small bowel mesentery. He was then transferred to our facility for general and neurosurgical evaluation. His abdominal exam was notable for diffuse distension in addition to tenderness to palpation with guarding and rebound. Given his tenuous clinical status and peritonitis, he was emergently booked for abdominal exploration. He underwent bowel resection, externalization of his shunt, with later re-anastomosis and shunt internalization. He eventually made a full recovery. DISCUSSION Given the potential for significant bowel loss with this and other shunt-related complications, this case serves as a reminder that even longstanding VP shunts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in any patient with a shunt.
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De Jesus O, Rios-Vicil C. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt knotting causing bowel obstruction and necrosis in an adult patient. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e239265. [PMID: 33462047 PMCID: PMC7813377 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Knotting or twisting of the peritoneal catheter around a bowel segment, causing bowel obstruction and necrosis, is extremely rare. Only six cases have been reported in the literature. This report described the second case of an adult patient with spontaneous knotting of the peritoneal catheter around a small-bowel segment, causing bowel obstruction and necrosis. The presentation of a knotted ventriculoperitoneal shunt around a bowel loop is stereotypical. Treatment and general recommendations have been made to help guide clinicians when encountering such cases. Evidence of small-bowel obstruction in a twisted, coiled or knotted peritoneal catheter may need surgical intervention. In the setting of progressive abdominal manifestations, knotting of the peritoneal catheter around bowel loops may cause bowel obstruction and may present with acute life-threatening manifestations. Efficient and expedite diagnosis should be made to coordinate multispecialty intervention and follow-up appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando De Jesus
- Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Christian Rios-Vicil
- Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Cockrell HC, Maready MW, Shiflett JM, Morris MW. Unusual Complication of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement. Am Surg 2020; 86:1043-1044. [PMID: 32730710 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820940281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Cockrell
- 21693 Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Matthew W Maready
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James M Shiflett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael W Morris
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Joy KA, Szewczyk BS, Adamo MA, Whyte MC. Ischemic bowel secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt knotting: a surprisingly rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2020; 25:470-475. [PMID: 32005019 DOI: 10.3171/2019.11.peds19138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Small-bowel obstruction (SBO) and volvulus as a result of ventriculoperitoneal shunting are a rare phenomenon, especially when resulting in bowel necrosis. The authors report the rare event of SBO, bowel strangulation, and necrosis in a pediatric patient after the abdominal catheter became knotted around his small bowel, and they provide a comprehensive review of the literature. The authors argue that shunt configuration is an important consideration for a patient presenting with SBO, and that symptomatic shunt knotting is a reason for surgical correction.
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10
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Ileal Obstruction Secondary to Strangulation of the Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:e85. [PMID: 29543699 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Hori YS, Ebisudani Y, Umakoshi M, Aoi M, Fukuhara T. Peritoneal catheter knot formation in ventriculoperitoneal shunting: an intraoperative artificial phenomenon? Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:31-33. [PMID: 29086001 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal catheter knot formation is a rare complication associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting. In most reports, the knot formation was also considered to be the cause of shunt malfunction. DISCUSSION In this study, we demonstrate the possible misinterpretation of peritoneal catheter knot formation in ventriculoperitoneal shunting. We found a knot in the peritoneal catheter intraoperatively, while no knot was noted on the abdominal X-ray taken 1 day prior to the operation. Our findings indicate that the knot had actually formed intraoperatively. This case suggests that we should not immediately conclude that a knot is the cause of shunt malfunction in such an operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke S Hori
- Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Tamasu 1711-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ebisudani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Tamasu 1711-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1192, Japan
| | - Michiari Umakoshi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Aoi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Tamasu 1711-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1192, Japan
| | - Toru Fukuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Tamasu 1711-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-1192, Japan
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Kaestner S, Fraij A, Deinsberger W, Roth C. I can hear my shunt-audible noises associated with CSF shunts in hydrocephalic patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:981-986. [PMID: 28411322 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts are life-long implants, and patients have reported anecdotally on noises associated with their shunts. There is, however, a marked lack of information regarding acoustic phenomena related to CSF shunts. METHODS We identified all patients who had been treated or followed in our neurosurgical department within a 15-year period from January 2000 up to the end of 2014. After approval of the local ethics committee all patients who were cognitively intact were explored by a questionnaire and by personal interview about acoustic phenomena related to their shunts. RESULTS Three hundred forty-seven patients were eligible for the survey, and 260 patients completed the questionnaire. Twenty-nine patients (11.2%) reported on noises raised by their shunts. All of them experienced short-lasting noises while changing body posture, mainly from a horizontal to an upright position, or while reclining the head. Most of the patients reported on soft sounds, but loud and even very loud noises occurred in some patients. Seventy-six percent of the patients were not bothered by these noises as they considered it as a normal part of the therapy or as proof that the shunt device was functioning. Modern valves with gravitational units are prone to produce noises in young adults, but nearly all valve types can evoke noises. CONCLUSIONS Noises caused by a shunt do occur in a considerable number of patients with shunts. One should be aware of this phenomenon, and these patients must be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kaestner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Kassel, Moencheberg Str. 41-43, 34125, Kassel, Germany.
- Kassel School of Medicine, Universitiy of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Amina Fraij
- Empiric Educational Science FB 01, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Deinsberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Kassel, Moencheberg Str. 41-43, 34125, Kassel, Germany
- Kassel School of Medicine, Universitiy of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian Roth
- Kassel School of Medicine, Universitiy of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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Martínez Fernández J, Guillén Paredes MP, Lirón Ruiz RJ. Nudo del catéter ventrículo-peritoneal con obstrucción y necrosis intestinal: una inusual y grave complicación. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 147:471-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Matsumura H, Kato N, Yamazaki T, Yamamoto T. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction secondary to distal catheter entrapment at the right paracolic gutter. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016; 158:1501-3. [PMID: 27301495 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-2867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, 280 Sakuranosato, Ibaraki-machi, Higashiibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3193, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, 280 Sakuranosato, Ibaraki-machi, Higashiibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3193, Japan
| | - Tomosato Yamazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, 280 Sakuranosato, Ibaraki-machi, Higashiibaraki, Ibaraki, 311-3193, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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McDonald PJ. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure from spontaneous knotting of the peritoneal catheter. CMAJ 2016; 188:E97. [PMID: 26696620 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.150635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McDonald
- Section of Neurosurgery and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.
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16
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Kiat A, Wright DB, Rebello IG. Intraperitoneal knotting of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt causing small bowel obstruction in an adult. ANZ J Surg 2015; 88:E71-E72. [DOI: 10.1111/ans.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kiat
- Medical Allocations and Development Unit, Concord; Concord Repatriation General Hospital; Concord New South Wales Australia
| | - Danette Bianca Wright
- Academic Colorectal Unit, Sydney Medical School; Concord Repatriation General Hospital; Concord New South Wales Australia
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