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Marino S, Dannhoff G, Destrieux C, Maldonado IL. Frontal trans opercular approaches to the insula: building the mental picture from procedure-guided anatomical dissection. Surg Radiol Anat 2024:10.1007/s00276-024-03409-7. [PMID: 38871860 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-024-03409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performing transopercular frontal approaches to the insula, widely used in glioma surgeries, necessitates a meticulous understanding of both cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy. This precision is vital for preserving essential structures and accurately interpreting the results of direct electrical stimulation. Nevertheless, acquiring a compelling mental image of the anatomy of this region can be challenging due to several factors, among which stand out its complexity and the fact that white matter fasciculi are imperceptible to the naked eye in the living brain. AIM In an effort to optimize the study of the anatomy relevant to this topic, we performed a procedure-guided laboratory study using subpial dissection, fiber dissection, vascular coloration, and stereoscopic photography in a "real-life" surgical perspective. METHODS Nine cerebral specimens obtained from body donation were extracted and fixed in formalin. Colored silicone injection and a variant of Klinglers's technique were used to demonstrate vascular and white matter structures, respectively. We dissected and photographed the specimens in a supero-antero-lateral view to reproduce the surgeon's viewpoint. The anatomy related to the development of the surgical corridor and resection cavity was documented using both standard photography and the red-cyan anaglyph technique. RESULTS The anatomy of frontal transopercular approaches to the insula involved elements of different natures-leptomeningeal, cortical, vascular, and fascicular-combining in the surgical field in a complex disposition. The disposition of these structures was successfully demonstrated through the aforementioned anatomical techniques. Among the main structures in or around the surgical corridor, the orbital, triangular, and opercular portions of the inferior frontal gyrus are critical landmarks in the cortical stage, as well as the leptomeninges of the Sylvian fissure and the M2-M4 branches of the middle cerebral artery in the subpial dissection stage, and the inferior fronto-occipital, uncinate and arcuate fasciculi, and the corona radiata in establishing the deep limits of resection. CONCLUSIONS Procedure-guided study of cerebral hemispheres associating subpial, vascular, and fiber dissection from a surgical standpoint is a powerful tool for the realistic study of the surgical anatomy relevant to frontal transopercular approaches to the insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Marino
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- INSERM, Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Dannhoff
- INSERM, Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- CHRU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Destrieux
- INSERM, Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Igor Lima Maldonado
- INSERM, Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
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2
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Charalampopoulou E, Neromyliotis E, Anastasopoulos L, Komaitis S, Drosos E, Skandalakis GP, Kalyvas AV, Stranjalis G, Koutsarnakis C. An Applied Anatomic Guide to Anterior Temporal Lobectomy and Amygdalohippocampectomy: Laboratory Cranial and White Matter Dissections to Inform Surgical Practice. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 25:e315-e323. [PMID: 37668990 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy is a challenging procedure because of the deep surgical trajectory and complex regional neurovascular anatomy. A thorough knowledge of the involved anatomic structures is crucial for a safe and effective procedure. Our objective is to explore the white matter pathways in or around the operative corridor and to illuminate the 3-dimensional relationships of the pertinent operative parenchymal and skull base anatomy, aiming to inform and simplify surgical practice. METHODS Four normal, adult, cadaveric, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres (2 left and 2 right) treated with the Klinger's technique and 2 formalin-fixed and colored-latex-injected cadaveric heads (4 sides) were used. Focused white matter and cadaveric dissections were used to study the relevant anatomy implicated during an anterior temporal lobectomy. Four illustrative cases were also included. Digital photographs from every dissection step were obtained. RESULTS Major white matter pathways that are inevitably traversed during the approach are the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior arm of the cingulum. Tracts that can be potentially injured, should the dissection plane tilt inadvertently superiorly or posteriorly, are the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, Meyer's loop, superior longitudinal fasciculus/arcuate fasciculus complex, and basal ganglia. Consistent cranial and parenchymal landmarks that can act as a roadmap during the procedure are recorded and paired with their intraoperative equivalent to provide a thorough, yet simple, stepwise guide for the surgeon. CONCLUSION White matter dissections, cadaveric cranial dissections, and intraoperative images are put together to provide a simplified stepwise surgical manual for anterior temporal lobectomy. Laboratory investigations that focus on the intricate 3-dimensional relationships of the pertinent operative anatomy from the surgeon's eye may enrich anatomic knowledge and push surgical boundaries, to minimize complication rates and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Charalampopoulou
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens , Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens , Greece
| | - Eleftherios Neromyliotis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens , Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens , Greece
| | - Lykourgos Anastasopoulos
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens , Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens , Greece
| | - Spyridon Komaitis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens , Greece
| | - Evangelos Drosos
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens , Greece
| | | | - Aristotelis V Kalyvas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto , Canada
| | - George Stranjalis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens , Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens , Greece
- Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research, "Petros Kokkalis", Athens , Greece
| | - Christos Koutsarnakis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens , Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens , Greece
- Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research, "Petros Kokkalis", Athens , Greece
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3
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Sun GC, Shu XJ, Zheng XQ, Ma XD, Cheng G, Liu JL, Chen L, Zhang JN. The transfrontal isthmus approach for insular glioma surgery. J Neurosurg 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36681987 DOI: 10.3171/2022.8.jns22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The classic transopercular or transsylvian approach to insular gliomas removes the tumor laterally through the insular cortex. This study describes a new anteroposterior approach through the frontal isthmus for insular glioma surgery. METHODS The authors detailed the surgical techniques for resection of insular gliomas through the transfrontal isthmus approach. Fifty-nine insular gliomas with at least Berger-Sanai zone I involvement were removed with the new approach, and extent of resection and postoperative neurological outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in the study, including 35 men and 24 women, with a mean (range) age 44.3 (19-75) years. According to the Berger-Sanai classification system, the most common tumor was a giant glioma (67.8%), followed by involvement of zones I and IV (18.6%). Twenty-two cases were Yaşargil type 3A/B, and 37 cases were Yaşargil type 5A/B. The average angle between the lateral plane of the putamen and sagittal line was 33.53°, and the average width of the isthmus near the anterior insular point was 33.33 mm. The average angle between the lateral plane of the putamen and the sagittal line was positively correlated with the width of the isthmus near the anterior insular point (r = 0.935, p < 0.0001). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) preoperative tumor volume was 67.82 (57.64-92.19) cm3. Of 39 low-grade gliomas, 26 (66.67%) were totally resected; of 20 high-grade gliomas, 19 (95%) were totally resected. The median (IQR) extent of resection of the whole group was 100% (73.7%-100%). Intraoperative diffusion-weighted imaging showed no cases of middle cerebral artery- or lenticulostriate artery-related stroke. Extent of insular tumor resection was positively correlated with the angle of the lateral plane of the putamen and sagittal line (r = -0.329, p = 0.011) and the width of the isthmus near the anterior insular point (r = -0.267, p = 0.041). At 3 months postoperatively, muscle strength grade exceeded 4 in all cases, and all patients exhibited essentially normal speech. The median (IQR) Karnofsky performance score at 3 months after surgery was 90 (80-90). CONCLUSIONS The transfrontal isthmus approach changes the working angle from lateral-medial to anterior-posterior, allowing for maximal safe removal of insular gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chen Sun
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jun Shu
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Que Zheng
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Liu
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhang
- Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pitskhelauri DI, Ishkinin RE, Bykanov AE, Sanikidze AZ, Buklina SB, Abramyan AA, Pronin IN. [Anterior transperiinsular approach to the head of the caudate nucleus and mediobasal frontal lobe]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2021; 85:54-60. [PMID: 34951760 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20218506154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The head of the caudate nucleus and adjacent mediobasal frontal lobe are deeply localized and have complex anatomical and topographic relationships with surrounding functionally significant cerebral structures. These aspects determine difficult surgical treatment of pathology in this zone. OBJECTIVE To propose a new anterior transperiinsular approach for optimizing surgical access to the head of the caudate nucleus and mediobasal frontal lobe. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two patients with cavernoma of the head of the caudate nucleus and oligodendroglioma of the head of the caudate nucleus and mediobasal frontal lobe underwent resection via transsylvian anterior transperiinsular approach in 2018. In both cases, tumors were localized in dominant hemisphere. Standard MRI was performed before and after surgery. Luria's neurological and neuropsychological examination was carried out before surgery, in 7 days after surgery and then every 3 months. RESULTS Surgical access was performed via stage-by-stage proximal dissection of Sylvian fissure with visualization of anterior and superior periinsular grooves. After that, periinsular groove was dissected at the base of anterior short gyrus. Then, we moved apart white matter using microinstruments and approached the area of interest. In case of this trajectory, surgical approach was performed at the level of the upper parts of inferior frontooccipital fascicle under the arcuate fascicle. Both patients underwent total resection of tumors that was confirmed by MRI. No pre- and postoperative neurological or neuropsychological abnormalities were observed. CONCLUSION Anterior transperiinsular approach provides minimally invasive access to the head of the caudate nucleus and mediobasal frontal lobe. It can be used on dominant hemisphere without significant risk of speech or other cognitive impairments. The advantages of this approach are minimal damage to associative pathways and small distance between periinsular groove and zone of interest. Dissection of commissural fibers of the corpus callosum is not required compared to conventional transcallosal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A E Bykanov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - S B Buklina
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I N Pronin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
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Li YCE, Jodat YA, Samanipour R, Zorzi G, Zhu K, Hirano M, Chang K, Arnaout A, Hassan S, Matharu N, Khademhosseini A, Hoorfar M, Shin SR. Toward a neurospheroid niche model: optimizing embedded 3D bioprinting for fabrication of neurospheroid brain-like co-culture constructs. Biofabrication 2020; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/abc1be. [PMID: 33059333 PMCID: PMC8387028 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc1be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A crucial step in creating reliablein vitroplatforms for neural development and disorder studies is the reproduction of the multicellular three-dimensional (3D) brain microenvironment and the capturing of cell-cell interactions within the model. The power of self-organization of diverse cell types into brain spheroids could be harnessed to study mechanisms underlying brain development trajectory and diseases. A challenge of current 3D organoid and spheroid models grown in petri-dishes is the lack of control over cellular localization and diversity. To overcome this limitation, neural spheroids can be patterned into customizable 3D structures using microfabrication. We developed a 3D brain-like co-culture construct using embedded 3D bioprinting as a flexible solution for composing heterogenous neural populations with neurospheroids and glia. Specifically, neurospheroid-laden free-standing 3D structures were fabricated in an engineered astrocyte-laden support bath resembling a neural stem cell niche environment. A photo-crosslinkable bioink and a thermal-healing supporting bath were engineered to mimic the mechanical modulus of soft tissue while supporting the formation of self-organizing neurospheroids within elaborate 3D networks. Moreover, bioprinted neurospheroid-laden structures exhibited the capability to differentiate into neuronal cells. These brain-like co-cultures could provide a reproducible platform for modeling neurological diseases, neural regeneration, and drug development and repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Ethan Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Yasamin A Jodat
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey 07030, United States of America
| | - Roya Samanipour
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Giulio Zorzi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minoru Hirano
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Future Vehicle Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Toyota Motor North America Inc. 1555 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States of America
| | - Karen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Adnan Arnaout
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Navneet Matharu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
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Shah A, Goel A, Patil A, Goel A. Letter to the Editor. Superior longitudinal fasciculus. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:1309-1311. [DOI: 10.3171/2019.5.jns191364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhidha Shah
- K.E.M. Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Mumbai, India; and
| | - Aimee Goel
- Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhinandan Patil
- K.E.M. Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Mumbai, India; and
| | - Atul Goel
- K.E.M. Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Mumbai, India; and
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7
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Komaitis S, Skandalakis GP, Kalyvas AV, Drosos E, Lani E, Emelifeonwu J, Liakos F, Piagkou M, Kalamatianos T, Stranjalis G, Koutsarnakis C. Dorsal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus revisited: novel insights from a focused fiber dissection study. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:1265-1278. [DOI: 10.3171/2018.11.jns182908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical consistency, morphology, axonal connectivity, and correlative topography of the dorsal component of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF-I) since the current literature is limited and ambiguous.METHODSFifteen normal, adult, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres were studied through a medial to lateral fiber microdissection technique. In 5 specimens, the authors performed stepwise focused dissections of the lateral cerebral aspect to delineate the correlative anatomy between the SLF-I and the other two SLF subcomponents, namely the SLF-II and SLF-III.RESULTSThe SLF-I was readily identified as a distinct fiber tract running within the cingulate or paracingulate gyrus and connecting the anterior cingulate cortex, the medial aspect of the superior frontal gyrus, the pre–supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the SMA proper, the paracentral lobule, and the precuneus. With regard to the morphology of the SLF-I, two discrete segments were consistently recorded: an anterior and a posterior segment. A clear cleavage plane could be developed between the SLF-I and the cingulum, thus proving their structural integrity. Interestingly, no anatomical connection was revealed between the SLF-I and the SLF-II/SLF-III complex.CONCLUSIONSStudy results provide novel and robust anatomical evidence on the topography, morphology, and subcortical architecture of the SLF-I. This fiber tract was consistently recorded as a distinct anatomical entity of the medial cerebral aspect, participating in the axonal connectivity of high-order paralimbic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Komaitis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- Departments of 2Neurosurgery and
- 3Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine
| | - Georgios P. Skandalakis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- 3Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine
| | - Aristotelis V. Kalyvas
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- Departments of 2Neurosurgery and
- 3Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine
| | - Evangelos Drosos
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- Departments of 2Neurosurgery and
- 3Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine
| | - Evgenia Lani
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- 3Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine
| | - John Emelifeonwu
- 4Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital; and
- 5Edinburgh Microneurosurgery Education Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Faidon Liakos
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
| | - Maria Piagkou
- 3Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine
| | | | - George Stranjalis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- Departments of 2Neurosurgery and
- 6Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research, “Petros Kokkalis,” Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Koutsarnakis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- Departments of 2Neurosurgery and
- 3Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine
- 5Edinburgh Microneurosurgery Education Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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8
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Koutsarnakis C, Komaitis S, Drosos E, Kalyvas AV, Skandalakis GP, Liakos F, Neromyliotis E, Lani E, Kalamatianos T, Stranjalis G. Mapping the superficial morphology of the occipital lobe: proposal of a universal nomenclature for clinical and anatomical use. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 44:335-350. [PMID: 31758336 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The superficial anatomy of the occipital lobe has been described as irregular and highly complex. This notion mainly arises from the variability of the regional sulco-gyral architecture. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and correlative anatomy of the sulci and gyri of the occipital region in cadaveric specimens and to summarize the nomenclature used in the literature to describe these structures. To this end, 33 normal, adult, formalin-fixed hemispheres were studied. In addition, a review of the relevant literature was conducted with the aim to compare our findings with data from previous studies. Hence, in the lateral occipital surface, we recorded the lateral occipital sulcus and the intraoccipital sulcus in 100%, the anterior occipital sulcus in 24%, and the inferior occipital sulcus in 15% of cases. In the area of the occipital pole, we found the transverse occipital sulcus in 88% of cases, the lunate sulcus in 64%, the occipitopolar sulcus in 24%, and the retrocalcarine sulcus in 12% of specimens. In the medial occipital surface, the calcarine fissure and parieto-occipital sulcus were always present. Finally, the basal occipital surface was always indented by the posterior occipitotemporal and posterior collateral sulci. A sulcus not previously described in the literature was identified on the supero-lateral aspect of the occipital surface in 85% of cases. We named this sulcus "marginal occipital sulcus" after its specific topography. In this study, we offer a clear description of the occipital surface anatomy and further propose a standardized taxonomy for clinical and anatomical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koutsarnakis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Komaitis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research "Petros Kokkalis", Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Drosos
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis V Kalyvas
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P Skandalakis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Liakos
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Neromyliotis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Lani
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Stranjalis
- Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research "Petros Kokkalis", Athens, Greece
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9
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Komaitis S, Kalyvas AV, Skandalakis GP, Drosos E, Lani E, Liouta E, Liakos F, Kalamatianos T, Piagkou M, Emelifeonwu JA, Stranjalis G, Koutsarnakis C. The frontal longitudinal system as revealed through the fiber microdissection technique: structural evidence underpinning the direct connectivity of the prefrontal-premotor circuitry. J Neurosurg 2019; 133:1503-1515. [PMID: 31585424 DOI: 10.3171/2019.6.jns191224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology, connectivity, and correlative anatomy of the longitudinal group of fibers residing in the frontal area, which resemble the anterior extension of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and were previously described as the frontal longitudinal system (FLS). METHODS Fifteen normal adult formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres collected from cadavers were studied using the Klingler microdissection technique. Lateral to medial dissections were performed in a stepwise fashion starting from the frontal area and extending to the temporoparietal regions. RESULTS The FLS was consistently identified as a fiber pathway residing just under the superficial U-fibers of the middle frontal gyrus or middle frontal sulcus (when present) and extending as far as the frontal pole. The authors were able to record two different configurations: one consisting of two distinct, parallel, longitudinal fiber chains (13% of cases), and the other consisting of a single stem of fibers (87% of cases). The fiber chains' cortical terminations in the frontal and prefrontal area were also traced. More specifically, the FLS was always recorded to terminate in Brodmann areas 6, 46, 45, and 10 (premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, pars triangularis, and frontal pole, respectively), whereas terminations in Brodmann areas 4 (primary motor cortex), 47 (pars orbitalis), and 9 were also encountered in some specimens. In relation to the SLF system, the FLS represented its anterior continuation in the majority of the hemispheres, whereas in a few cases it was recorded as a completely distinct tract. Interestingly, the FLS comprised shorter fibers that were recorded to interconnect exclusively frontal areas, thus exhibiting different fiber architecture when compared to the long fibers forming the SLF. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides consistent, focused, and robust evidence on the morphology, architecture, and correlative anatomy of the FLS. This fiber system participates in the axonal connectivity of the prefrontal-premotor cortices and allegedly subserves cognitive-motor functions. Based in the SLF hypersegmentation concept that has been advocated by previous authors, the FLS should be approached as a distinct frontal segment within the superior longitudinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Komaitis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 3Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis V Kalyvas
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 3Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P Skandalakis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
- 3Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Drosos
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Evgenia Lani
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
- 3Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Liouta
- 6Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research, "Petros Kokkalis," Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Liakos
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
| | | | - Maria Piagkou
- 3Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - John A Emelifeonwu
- 4Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh
- 5Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Edinburgh Microneurosurgery Education Laboratory, Edinburgh, UK; and
| | - George Stranjalis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 6Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research, "Petros Kokkalis," Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Koutsarnakis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 3Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- 5Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Edinburgh Microneurosurgery Education Laboratory, Edinburgh, UK; and
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10
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Sledge runner fasciculus: anatomic architecture and tractographic morphology. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1051-1066. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Koutsarnakis C, Kalyvas AV, Komaitis S, Liakos F, Skandalakis GP, Anagnostopoulos C, Stranjalis G. Defining the relationship of the optic radiation to the roof and floor of the ventricular atrium: a focused microanatomical study. J Neurosurg 2018; 130:1728-1739. [PMID: 29726766 DOI: 10.3171/2017.10.jns171836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the specific topographic relationship of the optic radiation fibers to the roof and floor of the ventricular atrium because the current literature is ambiguous. METHODS Thirty-five normal, adult, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres and 30 focused MRI slices at the level of the atrium were included in the study. The correlative anatomy of the optic radiation with regard to the atrial roof and floor was investigated in 15 specimens, each through focused fiber microdissections. The remaining 5 hemispheres were explored with particular emphasis on the trajectory of the collateral sulcus in relation to the floor of the atrium. In addition, the trajectory of the collateral sulcus was evaluated in 30 MRI scans. RESULTS The atrial roof was observed to be devoid of optic radiations in all studied hemispheres, whereas the atrial floor was seen to harbor optic fibers on its lateral part. Moreover, the trajectory of the intraparietal sulcus, when followed, was always seen to correspond to the roof of the atrium, thus avoiding the optic pathway, whereas that of the collateral sulcus was found to lead to either the lateral atrial floor or outside the ventricle in 88% of the cases, therefore hitting the visual pathway. CONCLUSIONS Operative corridors accessing the ventricular atrium should be carefully tailored through detailed preoperative planning and effective use of intraoperative navigation to increase patient safety and enhance the surgeon's maneuverability. The authors strongly emphasize the significance of accurate anatomical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koutsarnakis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, and
| | - Aristotelis V Kalyvas
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, and
| | - Spyridon Komaitis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, and
| | - Faidon Liakos
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
| | - Georgios P Skandalakis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- 3Department of Anatomy
- 5Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research "Petros Kokkalis," Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Stranjalis
- 1Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, Evangelismos Hospital
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, and
- 3Department of Anatomy
- 4Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; and
- 5Hellenic Center for Neurosurgical Research "Petros Kokkalis," Athens, Greece
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12
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Koutsarnakis C, Liakos F, Kalyvas AV, Komaitis S, Stranjalis G. Letter to the Editor: White matter fiber tract architecture and ventricular surgery. J Neurosurg 2017; 126:1368-1371. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.jns162239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koutsarnakis
- 1Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- 2Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Faidon Liakos
- 2Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
- 3Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis V. Kalyvas
- 2Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
- 3Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Komaitis
- 2Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
- 3Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Stranjalis
- 2Athens Microneurosurgery Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and
- 3Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
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13
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Koutsarnakis C, Liakos F, Kalyvas AV, Liouta E, Emelifeonwu J, Kalamatianos T, Sakas DE, Johnson E, Stranjalis G. Approaching the Atrium Through the Intraparietal Sulcus: Mapping the Sulcal Morphology and Correlating the Surgical Corridor to Underlying Fiber Tracts. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2017; 13:503-516. [DOI: 10.1093/ons/opw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKROUND: Although the operative corridor used during the intraparietal transsulcal approach to the atrium has been previously investigated, most anatomical studies focus on its relationship to the optic radiations.
OBJECTIVE: To study the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) morphology and to explore the subcortical anatomy with regard to the surgical trajectory used during the intraparietal transsulcal tranventricular approach.
METHODS: Twenty-five adult, formalin fixed, cerebral hemispheres were investigated. Fifteen underwent the Klingler procedure and were dissected in a lateromedial direction using the fiber microdissection technique. The trajectory of the dissection resembled that of real operative settings. The remaining 10 hemispheres were cut along the longitudinal axis of the sulcus in order to correlate its surface anatomy to corresponding parts of the ventricular system.
RESULTS: IPS demonstrated an interrupted course in 36% of the specimens while its branching pattern was variable. The sulcus anterior half was found to overly the atrium in all occasions. Four discrete, consecutive white matter layers were identified en route to the atrium, ie, the arcuate fibers, the arcuate segment of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the corona radiata and tapetum, with the arcuate segment being near to the dissection trajectory.
CONCLUSION: Given the angle of brain transgression during the intraparietal approach, we found the optimal dissection area to be the very middle of the sulcus. The IPS–postcentral sulcus meeting point, in contrast to previous thought, proved to risk potential injury to the arcuate segment of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, thus affecting surgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faidon Liakos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Liouta
- Hellenic Center for Neurosur-gical Research “Petros Kokkalis,” Athens, Greece
| | - John Emelifeonwu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Damianos E. Sakas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Laboratory of Education and Research in Neurosciences, Department of Anatomy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Stranjalis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
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