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Rozenfeld RA, Noje C. Fate of Pediatric Transport Medicine Abstracts 2011 to 2020: What Predicts Publication Success? Air Med J 2024; 43:216-220. [PMID: 38821701 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric-neonatal transport research projects are presented at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Transport Medicine (SOTM) scientific abstract program annually. Journal publication increases the impact of these projects. Our objectives were to determine the publication rate of transport abstracts and to identify factors predictive of publication success. METHODS We reviewed all AAP SOTM abstracts accepted for presentation from 2011 to 2020 and assessed presentation format (oral/platform vs. poster), authors' professional degree (physician vs. nonphysician), and first author's trainee status. We searched PubMed, Ovid, and ResearchGate for publications by abstract title and authors and then compared published versus unpublished abstracts. Categorical variables were expressed as proportions and compared using the chi-square test or the Fisher exact test, whereas continuous variables were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) and compared using the Student t-test or the Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate. A linear probability model was performed. RESULTS Of 194 presented abstracts, 67 (34.5%) were published. The publication rate was significantly higher for oral/platform versus poster abstracts (P < .01), if the abstract was an oral/platform (probability increase by 19.5%, P < .01), and if the first author was a trainee (probability increase by 25.6%, p < 0.05). The constant was estimated as 24.9% probability of publication. Hence, if the first author was a physician, a trainee, and had an oral/platform presentation, there was an 85.8% chance of being published. The median (IQR) time to publication was 2 years (IQR: 2-4 years), with articles published the longest having the most citations. Articles were published in 27 different journals, with nearly half (33/67, 49.3%) being published in 3 journals. CONCLUSION AAP SOTM abstracts have a 34.5% publication rate over the past 10 years, which is consistent with other medical specialties. Oral abstracts, physician first authors, and trainee first authors had a significantly higher success rate. Special emphasis should be placed nationally on supporting nonphysician transport professionals to publish their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranna A Rozenfeld
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI.
| | - Corina Noje
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, MD
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Hallan DR, Nguyen AM, Liang M, McNutt S, Goss M, Bell E, Natarajan S, Nichol A, Messner C, Bracken E, Glantz M. Charting the course from abstract to published article. J Neurosurg 2021:1-8. [PMID: 34715672 DOI: 10.3171/2021.7.jns2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abstracts act as short, efficient sources of new information. This intentional brevity potentially diminishes scientific reliability of described findings. The authors' objective was to 1) determine the proportion of abstracts submitted to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) annual meeting that subsequently are published in peer-reviewed journals, 2) assess AANS abstract publications for publication bias, and 3) assess AANS abstract publications for differing results. METHODS The authors screened all abstracts from the annual 2012 AANS meeting and identified their corresponding full-text publication, if applicable, by searching PubMed/MEDLINE. The abstract and subsequent publication were analyzed for result type (positive or negative) and differences in results. RESULTS Overall, 49.3% of abstracts were published as papers. Many (18.1%) of these published papers differed in message from their original abstract. Publication bias exists, with positive abstracts being 40% more likely to be published than negative abstracts. The top journals in which the full-text articles were published were Journal of Neurosurgery (13.1%), Neurosurgery (7.3%), and World Neurosurgery (5.4%). CONCLUSIONS Here, the authors demonstrate that alone, abstracts are not reliable sources of information. Many abstracts ultimately remain unpublished; therefore, they do not attain a level of scientific scrutiny that merits alteration of clinical care. Furthermore, many that are published have differing results or conclusions. In addition, positive publication bias exists, as positive abstracts are more likely to be published than negative abstracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hallan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey
| | | | - Menglu Liang
- 3Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah McNutt
- 3Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Madison Goss
- 3Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Erin Bell
- 3Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shreela Natarajan
- 3Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Nichol
- 4Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico; and
| | | | | | - Michael Glantz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey
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Ataei J, Bach C, Javan A, Vögeli TA, Grafe C, Rahnama'i MS. The Scientific Value of Abstracts on Prostate Cancer Presented at the European Association of Urology Congresses. Front Surg 2021; 8:683359. [PMID: 34212000 PMCID: PMC8239171 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.683359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Scientific congresses are an important medium for presenting recent clinical findings. Publication of abstracts allows wider dissemination. Objectives: To determine the publication rates of prostate cancer abstracts presented at the annual congress of the European Association of Urology (EAU). Design, Setting, and Participants: All abstracts with the term prostate cancer or carcinoma presented at the congress of the European Association of Urology from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. We captured their publication rate, journal impact factor and time to publication. Moreover, we formulated a scoring system to determine the grade of discrepancy between the conclusions mentioned in the congress abstract and published abstract. Results: A total of 834 abstracts presented at EAU annual meeting included prostate cancer or carcinoma in their title. We recorded a publication rate of 56.8% with 474 of the 834 abstracts being published with a mean time of 12.5 months. Conclusion: Approximately, 57% of the prostate cancer abstracts presented at the EAU congress are published in peer reviewed journals. This acceptance rate indicates the high distribution and dissemination of these abstracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Ataei
- Department of Urology, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Bach
- Department of Urology, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aida Javan
- Department of Urology, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Alexander Vögeli
- Department of Urology, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Grafe
- Department of Urology, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Rahnama'i
- Department of Urology, Uniklinik Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Deutsch S, Reuter S, Rose A, Tolba R. Publication rates of research projects of an internal funding program of a university medical center in Germany: A retrospective study (2004-2013). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243092. [PMID: 33253269 PMCID: PMC7703943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-publication and publication bias are topics of considerable importance to the scientific community. These issues may limit progress toward the 3R principle for animal research, promote waste of public resources, and generate biased interpretations of clinical outcomes. To investigate current publishing practices and to gain some understanding of the extent to which research results are reported, we examined publication rates of research projects that were approved within an internal funding program of the Faculty of Medicine at a university medical center in Germany, which is exemplary for comparable research funding programs for the promotion of young researchers in Germany and Europe. Methods We analyzed the complete set (n = 363) of research projects that were supported by an internal funding program between 2004 and 2013. We divided the projects into four different proposal types that included those that required an ethics vote, those that included an animal proposal, those that included both requirements, and those that included neither requirement. Results We found that 65% of the internally funded research projects resulted in at least one peer-reviewed publication; this increased to 73% if other research contributions were considered, including abstracts, book and congress contributions, scientific posters, and presentations. There were no significant differences with respect to publication rates based on (a) the clinic/institute of the applicant, (b) project duration, (c) scope of funding or (d) proposal type. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore publication rates associated with early-career medical research funding. As >70% of the projects ultimately generated some form of publication, the program was overall effective toward this goal; however, non-publication of research results is still prevalent. Further research will explore the reasons underlying non-publication. We hope to use these findings to develop strategies that encourage publication of research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Deutsch
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silke Reuter
- Faculty of Medicine, Dean's Office, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Rose
- Faculty of Medicine, Dean's Office, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - René Tolba
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ramos MB, Matté Dagostini C, Rabau O, Navarro-Ramirez R, Ouellet JA, Falavigna A, Teles AR. Publication rate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. J Neurosurg Spine 2020; 33:854-861. [PMID: 32823260 DOI: 10.3171/2020.5.spine20466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves (Spine Summit). METHODS The authors used a search algorithm in PubMed to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at the Spine Summit from 2007 to 2012. The variables assessed were presentation modality, topic, meeting year, publication year, destiny journal and its 5-year impact factor (IF), country, and citation count (retrieved from the Scopus database). RESULTS One thousand four hundred thirty-six abstracts were analyzed; 502 were oral presentations and 934 were digital poster presentations. The publication rate was 53.97% (775/1436). The mean time from presentation to publication was 1.35 ± 1.97 years (95% CI 1.21-1.49 years). The mean citation count of published articles was 40.55 ± 55.21 (95% CI 36.66-44.44). Oral presentations had a higher publication rate (71.51%, 359/502) than digital posters (44.54%, 416/934; OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.48-3.95, p < 0.001). Oral presentations had a higher number of citations (55.51 ± 69.00, 95% CI 48.35-62.67) than digital posters (27.64 ± 34.88, 95% CI 24.28-31.00, p < 0.001). The mean IF of published articles was 3.48 ± 2.91 (95% CI 3.27-3.70). JNS: Spine (191/775, 24.64%), Spine (103/775, 13.29%), and Neurosurgery (56/775, 7.23%) had the greatest number of published articles. The US represented the highest number of published articles (616/775, 79.48%). CONCLUSIONS The publication rate of the Spine Summit is among the highest compared to other spine meetings. Many of the abstracts initially presented at the meeting are further published in high-IF journals and had a high citation count. Therefore, the Spine Summit maintains its high standards of scientific papers, which reflects the high quality of the research performed in the spine surgery field in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bertelli Ramos
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul-Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Matté Dagostini
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul-Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Oded Rabau
- 2McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | | | - Jean A Ouellet
- 2McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Asdrubal Falavigna
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul-Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- 3Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Hospital Beneficente São Carlos, Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alisson R Teles
- 2McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
- 3Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Hospital Beneficente São Carlos, Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Gaughan KP, O'Grady MJ. Publication of abstracts presented at the Irish Paediatric Association conference. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:209-216. [PMID: 32556938 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of abstracts presented at medical conferences that are subsequently published is a potentially useful surrogate for the quality of the material presented. The mean publication percentage for paediatric conference abstracts reported in the literature is 39%. The publication of abstracts presented at the Irish Paediatric Association's (IPA) annual conference have not previously been explored. AIM To identify the subsequent publication proportion for abstracts presented at the IPA annual conference and to identify factors associated with a higher likelihood of publication. METHODS As 95% of publications occur within 5 years of conference presentation, abstracts from the 2008 to 2012 IPA conferences were selected for analysis. A PubMed/Medline search was conducted using the author's names and, if required, abstract keywords. For comparability with previous studies, articles were deemed published if they were full journal articles, contained at least one similar author and reported similar outcomes. RESULTS Over the 5-year study period, 584 IPA abstracts were presented. The percentage of abstracts published was 19.7%. One hundred and fifteen articles were published in 45 different journals; 31 (27%) of these were published in the Irish Medical Journal. The percentage of abstracts published was significantly higher for oral presentations (23% vs. 15%; p = 0.012), university-associated abstracts (31% vs. 16%; p < 0.001) and interventional studies (52% vs. 18%; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only university association and interventional studies remained significantly associated with publication. CONCLUSION The percentage of IPA abstracts that were published was low when compared internationally. Further analysis is required to explore the reasons underpinning this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Peter Gaughan
- Department of Paediatrics, Midland Regional Hospital, Mullingar, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.
| | - Michael Joseph O'Grady
- Department of Paediatrics, Midland Regional Hospital, Mullingar, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
- Women's and Children's Health, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Yakar F, Hanalioglu S, Sahin B, Egemen E, Dere UA, Kiraz İ, Coskun ME, Kahilogullari G. Academic performance after neurosurgery residency training in Turkey: a national survey. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 48:E8. [DOI: 10.3171/2019.12.focus19825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVENeurosurgery training programs aim to train specialists. In addition, they are expected to equip the residents with necessary knowledge and skills for academic development. This study aims to gain insights into academic productivity after neurosurgeons graduated from residency training in Turkey.METHODSAn electronic survey was sent to all Turkish Neurosurgical Society members (n = 1662 neurosurgeons) between September and November 2019. The number of participants was 289 (17.4%). Participants were divided into subgroups based on three main factors: training institution type (university hospital [UH] vs training and research hospital [TRH]), training institution annual case volume (low [< 1000 or inadequate cranial/spinal case numbers] vs high [> 1000 and adequate cranial/spinal case numbers]), and training program accreditation status (accredited vs nonaccredited).RESULTSThe majority of the participants (64.7%) graduated from the UHs. Those trained at UHs (vs TRHs) and high- (vs low-) volume centers had their dissertations more frequently published in Science Citation Index/Science Citation Index–Expanded journals, gave more oral presentations after residency, had higher h-indices, had higher rates of reviewership for academic journals, and had greater participation in projects with grant support. In addition, graduates of accredited programs reported more PhD degrees than those of nonaccredited programs.CONCLUSIONSNeurosurgeons trained in higher-case-volume, accredited programs, mostly in the UHs, performed better in terms of scientific activities and productivity in Turkey. Strong research emphasis and supportive measures should be instituted to increase academic performance during and after residency training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yakar
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli
| | - Sahin Hanalioglu
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Health Sciences University Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara
| | - Balkan Sahin
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul; and
| | - Emrah Egemen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli
| | - Umit A. Dere
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli
| | - İlker Kiraz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli
| | - M. Erdal Coskun
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli
| | - Gokmen Kahilogullari
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ibni Sina Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen Y, Zhou F, Zou X, Zhang Y, Mo A, Wang Y. Factors associated with the publication outcomes of paediatric proceedings presented at 2010-2016 the International Associations for Dental Research annual meetings. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:110-117. [PMID: 31650633 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The International Associations for Dental Research (IADR) annual meeting is one of the most important dental meetings throughout the world, and researches about paediatric dentistry presented in this platform are often used to guide clinical work. To evaluate the publication outcomes of oral and poster paediatric proceedings, which were accepted by the International Associations for Dental Research (IADR), annual meetings from 2010 to 2016 and to analyse the possible factors influencing an abstract's progression to publication. Oral and poster abstracts were retrieved from the official website of IADR (2010-2016). Searching for subsequent publications was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar (up to March 2019). Two authors independently selected studies, collected, and analysed data. A total of 1396 abstracts were identified, including 275 oral presentations and 1121 poster presentations. Finally, 606 were published in peer-reviewed journals, with a publication rate of 43.41%. Abstracts were published earlier if it is from Europe, well funded, presented orally, or with large sample size. The high publication rate of the IADR proceedings supported the impact of IADR annual meetings on paediatric dentistry in the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, China
| | - Anchun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sarica C, Kucuk F, Ozen A, Aksu Sayman O. Publication Patterns of Presentations at the 16th Quadrennial Meeting of the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2020; 98:48-54. [PMID: 32074619 DOI: 10.1159/000505703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of a scientific meeting can be quantified by the rate of full publications arising from the presented abstracts and the impact factor of the journals in which the studies were published. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the publication rates of presentations from the 2013 World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (WSSFN) quadrennial meeting. METHODS Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for the authors of the presentations to identify full publications arising from the relevant abstracts. Author and content matching were used to match an abstract with a full publication. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In total, 77% (57/74), 56% (44/79), and 50% (79/157) of the paper, flash, and poster presentations, respectively, have been published, with an overall publication rate of 58% (180/310). Articles received a total of 5,227 citations, with an average of 29 ± 64.1 citations per article. The first authors who published their studies had a significantly higher h-index than those who did not publish (p = 0.003). The most preferred journals for publication were Journal of Neurosurgery, Acta Neurochirurgica, and Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. The majority of the articles (117/180 [65%]) were published in a quartile 1 or 2 journal. The average journal impact factor (JIF) was 4.5 for all presentations, and 7.8 for paper session presentations. Studies presented in paper sessions were published in significantly higher-impact factor journals than those presented in poster sessions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The WSSFN Congress had a relatively high overall publication rate (58%) compared to both other neurosurgical congresses and congresses in other scientific fields. The average JIF of 7.8 is a reflection of the high quality and high impact of the paper session presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sarica
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey,
| | - Furkan Kucuk
- School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ali Ozen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adiyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ozden Aksu Sayman
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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