Wilcox JA, Estrera R, Boire A. The Spectrum of Headache in Leptomeningeal Metastases: A Comprehensive Review with Clinical Management Guidelines.
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023;
27:695-706. [PMID:
37874457 PMCID:
PMC10713777 DOI:
10.1007/s11916-023-01180-9]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Headaches are a common, oftentimes debilitating symptom in patients with leptomeningeal metastases.
RECENT FINDINGS
The third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders provides a useful diagnostic framework for headaches secondary to leptomeningeal metastases based on the temporal relationship of headache with disease onset, change in headache severity in correlation with leptomeningeal disease burden, and accompanying neurologic signs such as cranial nerve palsies and encephalopathy. However, headaches in patients with leptomeningeal metastases can be further defined by a wide range of varying cancer- and treatment-related pathophysiologies, each requiring a tailored approach. A thorough review of the literature and expert opinion on five observed headache sub-classifications in patients with leptomeningeal metastases is provided, with attention to necessary diagnostic testing, recommended first-line treatments, and prevention strategies.
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