Spinal fractures in the setting of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis conservatively treated via orthosis: illustrative cases

Risk factors for bone cement dislodgement following balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with bone cement dislodgement in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture following balloon kyphoplasty treatment.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted on 203 patients who underwent kyphoplasty in 255 vertebral bodies between January 2017 and December 2021. The patients were categorized into two groups: the bone cement dislodgment group (n = 16) and the non-bone cement dislodgement group (n = 239). Various patient characteristics and radiologic parameters were evaluated. Statistical analysis involved the assessment of the background homogeneity of the group by using independent sample t tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the impact of background variables on cement dislodgement.

RESULTS

The results revealed that split-type fracture (χ2 = 31.706, p < 0.001), DISH (χ2 = 18.827, p = 0.011), pedicle fracture (χ2 = 22.246, p < 0.001), endplate deficit (χ2 = 14.023, p < 0.001), posterior wall injury (χ2 = 29.124, p < 0.001), and intervertebral vacuum cleft (χ2 = 21.469, p < 0.001) were the factors that significantly differed between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed posterior wall injury (OR = 12.983, p = 0.025) and intervertebral vacuum cleft (OR = 5.062, p = 0.024) to be independent risk factors.

CONCLUSION

The incidence of bone cement dislodgement in our study was 6.3%. This study underscores the importance of using preoperative radiologic parameters to predict the risk of bone cement dislodgement following balloon kyphoplasty.

Management of Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures and Dislocations in Patients with Ankylosing Conditions of the Spine

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are bone-forming spinal conditions which inherently increase spine rigidity and place patients at a higher risk for thoracolumbar fractures. Due to the long lever-arm associated with their pathology, these fractures are frequently unstable and may significantly displace leading to catastrophic neurologic consequences. Operative and non-operative management are considerations in these fractures. However conservative measures including immobilization and bracing are typically reserved for non-displaced or incomplete fractures, or in patients for whom surgery poses a high risk. Thus, first line treatment is often surgery which has historically been an open posterior spinal fusion. Recent techniques such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and robotic surgery have shown promising lower complication rates as compared to open techniques, however these methods need to be further validated.

Anterior cervical osteotomy of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis lesions with computer-assisted navigation surgery: A case report

Key Clinical Message

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) involves spine ligament ossification. Computer-assisted navigation (CAN) effectively aids complex surgeries, such as anterior cervical osteotomy, to alleviate progressive DISH-related dysphagia.

Abstract

We describe a 68-year-old man with sudden onset dysphagia to both solids and liquids. Radiographic Imaging revealed DISH lesions from C2 down to the thoracic spine. The patient was successfully treated with CAN anterior osteotomy and resection of DISH lesions from C3-C6 and had complete symptom relief within 2 weeks post-operatively.

Outcomes following conservative treatment of extension fractures in the setting of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: is external orthosis alone a reasonable option?

OBJECTIVE

Extension fractures in the setting of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) represent highly unstable injuries. As a result, these fractures are most frequently treated with immediate surgical fixation to limit any potential risk of associated neurological injury. Although this represents the standard of care, patients with significant comorbidities, advanced age, or medical instability may not be surgical candidates. In this paper, the authors evaluated a series of patients with extension DISH fractures who were treated with orthosis alone and evaluated their outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective review from 2015 to 2022 was conducted at a large level 1 trauma center. Patients with extension-type DISH fractures without neurological deficits were identified. All patients were treated conservatively with orthosis alone. Baseline patient characteristics and adverse outcomes are reported.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven patients were identified as presenting with extension fractures associated with DISH without neurological deficit. Of these, 22 patients had complete follow-up on final chart review. Of these 22 patients, 21 (95.5%) were treated successfully with external orthosis. One patient (4.5%) who was noncompliant with the brace had an acute spinal cord injury 1 month after presentation, requiring immediate surgical fixation and decompression. No other complications, including skin breakdown or pressure ulcers related to bracing, were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment of extension-type DISH fractures may be a reasonable option for patients who are not candidates for safe surgical intervention; however, a risk of neurological injury secondary to delayed instability remains, particularly if patients are noncompliant with the bracing regimen. This risk should be balanced against the high complication rate and potential mortality associated with surgical intervention in this patient population.